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1 Han, X.; Gill, M. J.; Hamilton, H.; Vergara, S. G.; Young, B. E. 2020. Progress on national biodiversity indicator reporting and prospects for filling indicator gaps in Southeast Asia. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 5:100017. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2019.100017]

Biodiversity conservation ; Indicators ; Monitoring ; ASEAN ; Ecosystems ; Species ; Policies ; Agriculture ; Government ; Climate change / South East Asia

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049756)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972719300170/pdfft?md5=9c5d5258051179f771c2a5de7f4501de&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972719300170-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049756.pdf

(1.27 MB) (1.27 MB)

With tremendous biodiversity but increasing threats, Southeast Asia faces challenges in meeting its commitments to the Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2020 Aichi Targets. The use of indicators to monitor, evaluate and guide conservation progress is increasingly urgent. We quantified indicator use by 10 Southeast Asian governments in the 4th and 5th national reports submitted to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2010 and 2015. We found indicator use variable among nations but increasing. Use of quantitative trend indicators doubled from an average of 6–12. There was no change in the number of non-quantitative (mean of 2) or quantitative baseline indicators (those measured once; mean of 9). Indicators most frequently addressed habitat condition and extent, species diversity, protected areas, and agriculture (means of 2–6 indicators each). They were rarely used (mean < 1) to indicate trends in wildlife exploitation, information sharing, climate change, and invasive species. Species diversity indicators increased from the 4th to 5th reports, and there were marginal increases in indicators used for aquatic ecosystems. The results highlight a slow but noticeable increase in the use and quality of indicators in national biodiversity reporting in the region. However, for the region to accelerate progress towards agreed-upon targets of multilateral environmental agreements, a more relevant and diverse set of indicators will need to be employed. Paths to doing so include the use of disaggregated global indicators, increased regional coordination to improve the efficiency and quality of indicator generation, and increased efforts at growing national-level monitoring capacity.

2 Wu, Z.; Tian, G.; Han, X.; Li, J.; Xia, Q. 2023. Can the water resources tax policy effectively stimulate the water saving behavior of social water users? A DSGE model embedded in water resources tax. PLOS ONE, 18(3):e0281920. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281920]

Water resources ; Policies ; Water conservation ; Water users ; Models ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Water use ; Taxes ; Sustainable development ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Social change ; Households ; Parameters / China / Hebei

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051802)

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281920&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051802.pdf

(1.74 MB) (1.74 MB)

Whether the implementation of the water resources tax policy can stimulate the water-saving behavior of social water users is one of the important criteria for evaluating the implementation effect of the tax reform policy. Taking Hebei Province, the first tax reform pilot in China, as an example. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE) with embedded water resources tax is constructed to simulate the persistent impact of water resources tax on water-saving objectives. The research shows that: (1) Water resources tax can effectively achieve the goal of water-saving and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. (2) Levying water resources tax helps to improve the water-saving awareness of enterprises and residents. It can also encourage enterprises to optimize production structures. (3) Rational and efficient use of special water resources protection funds is the basis for ensuring the effective implementation of water resources tax. It can also improve the recycling capacity of water resources. The results show that the government should speed up formulating a reasonable water resources tax rate and accelerate the construction of water resources tax protection measures. To ensure the relatively steady state of water resources utilization and protection, and achieve the dual goals of sustainable economic development and sustainable use of water resources. The research results of this paper reveal the internal logic of the comprehensive impact of water resources tax on the economy and society and provide an important basis for the national promotion of tax reform policy.

3 Zhou, G.; Huan, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, R.; Liang, T.; Han, X.; Feng, Z. 2023. Constructing a multi-leveled ecological security pattern for improving ecosystem connectivity in the Asian water tower region. Ecological Indicators, 154:110597. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110597]

Ecosystem services ; Plateaus ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Biodiversity conservation ; Soil conservation ; Carbon sequestration ; Water conservation ; Land use ; Vegetation ; Landscape ; Models / Qinghai / Tibet

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052143)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23007392/pdfft?md5=3ad8dcfb0e6d1bced43cd8c9ce2ecce5&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X23007392-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052143.pdf

(19.20 MB) (19.2 MB)

Serious ecological crises have emerged in the Asian Water Tower region (17 countries centered on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau), making it a major priority and challenge for Asian and even global ecological conservation efforts. Constructing a multi-leveled ecological security pattern (ESP) based on the synergies among multiple ecosystem services (ESs) for this region can enhance the structural integrity, functional stability, and spatial connectivity of ecosystems. Therefore, based on a series of GIS spatial analysis methods, the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the analytic hierarchy process, this study measured the importance of five key ESs focused by Sustainable Development Goal 15 (including water conservation, carbon sequestration, sand fixation, soil conservation, and biodiversity conservation); and took fishnet scale as data calculation unit to construct a hierarchical ESP (including three levels of ecological sources and corridors) to provide evidence-based support for identifying and prioritizing synergistic conservation actions across scales (regions, nations, and basins). Overall, the ESP included a total of 534 sources and 656 corridors. Some key conservation obstacles in the region (e.g., edge effects and several human activities) and corresponding priority actions are provided, such as integrating the ESPs into long-term planning, enhancing the conservation and the restoration of both the extent and the quality of forests (e.g., increasing tree species richness), and increasing collaboration across scales for resource mobilization and synergistic land use.