Your search found 5 records
1 Speelman S.; Buysse J.; Frija A.; D’Haese M.; D’Haese L. 2008. Estimating the effect of water charge introduction at small scale irrigation schemes in North West Province, South Africa. Paper prepared for presentation at the 107th EAAE Seminar "Modelling of Agricultural and Rural Development Policies". Sevilla, Spain, January 29th -February 1st, 2008. 13p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041586)
In South Africa water law has recently changed, adopting the principle of water as an economic good, thus levying charges on its use. For small-scale irrigators this is an important change, because currently their water use is entirely subsidized. In the coming years, subsidies will gradually decrease and an essential expected benefit of this policy change is that water use efficiency will rise, leading to reduced consumption and possible reallocation of the water saved. The exact impact of the water pricing policy on the irrigation water use or on the farmers’ production system is however unclear. This study introduces a new methodology, based on data envelopment analysis, that allows estimating the effects on the agricultural production process and water demand of introducing or raising a water price. It is revealed that a large majority of the farmers does not adjust water use. Production costs however were shown to increase significantly.
2 Frija, A.; Dhehibi, B.; Chebil, A.; Villholth, Karen G. 2016. Performance evaluation of groundwater management instruments: the case of irrigation sector in Tunisia. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 1:23-32.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Performance evaluation ; Irrigation ; Aquifers ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water user associations ; Water governance ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Collective action ; Regulations ; Participation ; Economic policy ; Policy making / Tunisia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047449)
(0.23 MB)
Around 27% of aquifers in Tunisia are being overexploited. Groundwater extractions is mainly for the irrigation sector, where more than 40% of the water used for irrigation comes from GW sources. The objective of this study is to critically review and analyze GW management instruments adopted in Tunisia during the last four decades. Evaluation of current instruments was based on a set of criteria (the impact of the instrument on increasing water productivity, reducing aquifer withdrawals, acceptability of the instrument and its implementation cost) assessed through interviews with policy makers and experts, in addition to discussions at farmers' focus groups. Results show that regulatory instruments are widely used but weakly enforced, which can explain their limited impact. To be more effective, economic instruments need a better vertical interplay between different stakeholders. Analysis of stakeholders’ participation shows limited awareness by farmers and a lack of collective actions for GW management at local levels. The alignment of GW policies to other cross-sectorial policies, the enhancement of the vertical interplay between water users’ associations and local and national water administrations, and the horizontal integration of different water users and managers at the local and regional levels, are among the main recommendations of this study.
3 Frija, A.; Chebil, A.; Speelman, S. 2016. Farmers’ adaptation to groundwater shortage in the dry areas: improving appropriation or enhancing accommodation? Irrigation and Drainage, 65(5):691-700. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1986]
Water resources ; Water shortage ; Groundwater ; Farmers ; Adaptation ; Strategies ; Irrigated land ; Investment ; Arid zones / South Tunisia / Gabes Governorate
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047900)
(0.33 MB)
The objective of this paper is to identify farmers’ strategies to adapt to groundwater shortage in vulnerable arid areas of south Tunisia. In the selected area, the potential of rainfed agriculture is very limited and groundwater is the only source of irrigation. With intensive overuse of groundwater signs of groundwater table depletion are starting to appear and farmers are becoming more concerned about water shortage. Based on a survey among farmers, we proceeded with a ‘principal component factors’ analysis followed by a ‘hierarchical clustering’ using Ward’s method, in order to investigate different farmers’ adaptation behaviour when faced with groundwater shortage. A set of relevant variables were used for this purpose. The cluster analysis generates three groups of farmers based on their irrigation practices, types of irrigation investment, and other related structural variables. A first group is formed by large farmers who combine both expansive strategies, by investing in enhancing groundwater appropriation, and accommodating strategies, by enhancing on-farm management of the available resource. The second type of farmers are small and mainly focus on expansive strategies, while the third group is also composed of small farmers demonstrating purely contractive strategies, referring to reduced scale of farm operation.
4 Frija, A.; Oulmane, A.; Chebil, A.; Makhlouf, M. 2021. Socio-economic implications and potential structural adaptations of the Tunisian agricultural sector to climate change. Agronomy, 11(11):2112. (Special Issue: Transforming AgriFood Systems under a Changing Climate) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112112]
Climate change adaptation ; Agricultural sector ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Farm income ; Irrigation water ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water shortage ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Land use ; Models / Tunisia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050709)
(2.66 MB) (2.66 MB)
Climate change is expected to have serious economic and social impacts on Tunisian rural farmers. The extent of these impacts will largely depend on the level of political and structural adaptations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of increasing water shortages on agricultural income and employment. It also analyzes structural adaptation strategies implemented by farmers in response to this challenge. We have therefore developed a regionally disaggregated supply model to simulate three types of scenarios concerning (i) decreasing quantities of irrigation water at the regional level; (ii) enhanced irrigation water use efficiency; and (iii) higher production prices. Observed crop production data for 21 crops and 24 districts of Tunisia have been used. Districts have been aggregated into five regions based on bioclimatic homogeneity. Results show that climate change will lead to the reduction of irrigated areas and an increased importance of rainfed agriculture. It will also have a negative impact on farm income and employment. This negative effect can be fully mitigated by improving water use efficiency, at farm and perimeter levels, and can be reversed by offering more attractive producer prices to farmers through enhanced value chain integration.
5 Laderach, P.; Merrey, D. J.; Schapendonk, F.; Dhehibi, B.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra; Mapedza, Everisto; Najjar, D.; Dessalegn, B.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Nangia, V.; Al-Zu'bi, Maha; Biradar, C.; Pacillo, G.; Govind, A.; Hakhu, A.; Yigezu, Y. A.; Gupta, T. D.; Madurga-Lopez, I.; Lahham, Nisreen; Cosgrove, B.; Joshi, Deepa; Grosjean, G.; Hugh, B.; Elmahdi, Amgad; Frija, A.; Udalagama, Upandha; Nicol, Alan. 2022. Strengthening climate security in the Middle East and North Africa Region. CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security. 80p. (Position Paper No. 2022/3)
Climate change ; Risk ; Agriculture ; Livelihoods ; Migration ; Food prices ; Transboundary waters ; Water management ; Water security ; Water scarcity ; Financing ; Monitoring ; Governance ; Gender equality ; Women's empowerment ; Capacity development / Middle East / North Africa / Morocco / Iran (Islamic Republic of) / Egypt / Jordan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051658)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/117616/MENA%20Position%20Paper.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051658.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051658.pdf
(5.27 MB) (5.27 MB)
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