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1 Khan, L. R.; Dass, S. 1986. Evaluation of drawdown parameters of some selected deep tubewells in Gazipur and Tangail areas. In Multidisciplinary Research Team, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Water market in Bangladesh: Inefficient and inequitable? Mymensingh, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Agricultural University. pp.20-32.

Performance evaluation ; Methodology ; Mathematical models ; Tube wells / Bangladesh / Gazipur / Tangail

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.4 G584 MUL Record No: H03457)

2 Joshi, Deepa; Haque, S.; Nahar, K.; Tania, S.; Singh, J.; Wallace, T. 2022. Public lives, private water: female ready-made garment factory workers in peri-urban Bangladesh. In Narain, V.; Roth, D. (Eds.). Water security, conflict and cooperation in peri-urban South Asia: flows across boundaries. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.67-88. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_4]

Water supply ; Gender equality ; Women ; Factory workers ; Empowerment ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Social aspects ; Households ; Domestic water ; Poverty ; Periurban areas / Bangladesh / Dhaka / Gazipur / Bhadam

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050845)

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-79035-6_4.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050845.pdf

(0.82 MB) (842 KB)

In Dhaka city and its fringe peri-urban sprawls water for domestic use is an increasingly contested commodity. The location of our research, Gazipur district, bordering the growing city of Dhaka, is the heartland of Bangladesh’s Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry, which has spread unplanned in former wetlands and agrarian belts. However, unlike Dhaka, the almost fully industrialized peri-urban areas bordering the city, like many other such areas globally, function in an institutional vacuum. There are no formal institutional arrangements for water supply or sanitation. In the absence of regulations for mining groundwater for industrial use and weakly enforced norms for effluent discharge, the expansion of the RMG industry and other industries has had a disproportionate environmental impact. In this complex and challenging context, we apply a political economy lens to draw attention to the paradoxical situation of the increasingly “public” lives of poor Bangladeshi women working in large numbers in the RMG industry in situations of increasingly “private” and appropriated water sources in this institutionally liminal peri-urban space. Our findings show that poorly paid work for women in Bangladesh’s RMG industry does not translate to women’s empowerment because, among others, a persisting masculinity and the lack of reliable, appropriate and affordable WASH services make women’s domestic water work responsibilities obligatory and onerous.

3 Islam, S. M. M.; Gaihre, Y. K.; Islam, Md. R.; Ahmed, Md. N.; Akter, M.; Singh, U.; Sander, B. O. 2022. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice cultivation through improved fertilizer and water management. Journal of Environmental Management, 307:114520. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114520]

Irrigated rice ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Emission reduction ; Irrigated farming ; Water management ; Global warming ; Fertilizers ; Nitrous oxide ; Methane emission ; Urea ; Use efficiency ; Crop management ; Integrated plant nutrient management / Bangladesh / Gazipur

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050888)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722000937/pdfft?md5=0eaa9b512d6b0a05efd7497c1b19b265&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479722000937-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050888.pdf

(0.91 MB) (928 KB)

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture sector play an important role for global warming and climate change. Thus, it is necessary to find out GHG emissions mitigation strategies from rice cultivation. The efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer using urea deep placement (UDP) and the use of the water-saving alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation could mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduce environmental pollution. However, there is a dearth of studies on the impacts of UDP and the integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) which combines poultry manure and prilled urea (PU) with different irrigation regimes on GHG emissions, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and rice yields. We conducted field experiments during the dry seasons of 2018, 2019, and 2020 to compare the effects of four fertilizer treatments including control (no N), PU, UDP, and IPNS in combination with two irrigation systems— (AWD and continuous flooding, CF) on GHG emissions, NUE and rice yield. Fertilizer treatments had significant (p < 0.05) interaction effects with irrigation regimes on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. PU reduced CH4 and N2O emissions by 6% and 20% compared to IPNS treatment, respectively under AWD irrigation, but produced similar emissions under CF irrigation. Similarly, UDP reduced cumulative CH4 emissions by 9% and 15% under AWD irrigation, and 9% and 11% under CF condition compared to PU and IPNS treatments, respectively. Across the year and fertilizer treatments, AWD irrigation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cumulative CH4 emissions and GHG intensity by 28%, and 26%, respectively without significant yield loss compared to CF condition. Although AWD irrigation increased cumulative N2O emissions by 73%, it reduced the total global warming potential by 27% compared to CF irrigation. The CH4 emission factor for AWD was lower (1.67 kg ha-1 day-1) compared to CF (2.33 kg ha-1 day-1). Across the irrigation regimes, UDP increased rice yield by 21% and N recovery efficiency by 58% compared to PU. These results suggest that both UDP and AWD irrigation might be considered as a carbon-friendly technology.