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1 Takizawa, S.. 2001. Water reuse by a natural filtration system in a Vietnamese rural community. Waterlines, 19(4):2-5.

Water supply ; Water reuse ; Filtration ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Rain ; Rivers ; Water harvesting ; Constraints ; Households / Vietnam / Huu Hia

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H028298)

2 Matsui, Y.; Takeda, T.; Takizawa, S.; Wongrueng, A.; Wattanachira, S. 2006. Application of nanofiltration processes to fluoride removal from groundwaters in the Chiang Mai Basin. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13th - 17th November 2006. Preprints. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) pp.585-592.

River basins ; Groundwater ; Fluorides ; Analysis ; Water purification / Thailand / Chiang Mai Basin / Ping River

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H041052)

3 Alfonso, S. M.; Kazama, S.; Takizawa, S.. 2022. Inequalities in access to and consumption of safely managed water due to socio-economic factors: evidence from Quezon City, Philippines. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 4:100117. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2021.100117]

Water use ; Water access ; Water management ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Urban areas ; Villages ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Rainwater harvesting ; Household income / Philippines / Metro Manila / Quezon

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051367)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666049021000955/pdfft?md5=654ae971090af8bdd1db9110d279d554&pid=1-s2.0-S2666049021000955-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051367.pdf

(2.84 MB) (2.84 MB)

This study aimed to delineate the relationship between the socio-economic status of inhabitants and inequalities in access to water sources in urbanizing areas of developing countries. A total of 146 households in Quezon City, Metro Manila, were interviewed and classified into income quintiles: poor, low-income, middle-income, high-income and rich. The access rate to piped water decreased from 100% for the rich to 66% for the poor. More than 30% of the poor had to purchase water from water vendors due to their lack of access to piped water because of their socio-economic status, including land ownership. Per capita water consumption levels differed significantly across the income quintiles, from 93.4 liters-per-capita-per-day (LPCD) for the poor to 259.4 LPCD for the rich. This coincided with the high Gini coefficients in household income (G = 0.56) and the expenditure for water (G = 0.41). Per capita water consumption was linearly correlated with the logarithm of household income (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.67). Among the poor households, 10% consumed less than 50 LPCD, and 44.8% spent more than 4% of their income on water, with the maximum expenditure of 13.3%. The poor quintile's expenditure on water varied significantly, depending on their sources such as water vendors, piped water, or well water. Finally, 45% of the poor were exposed to contaminated water, compared to 13% of the rich. Our study offers policy implications for providing the urban poor with easier access to safely managed water sources such as piped water.