Your search found 79 records
1 Horne, J.; Tortajada, C.; Harrington, L. 2018. Achieving the sustainable development goals: improving water services in cities affected by extreme weather events. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 34(4):475-489. (Special issue: Urban Resilience to Droughts and Floods: Policies and Governance). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1464902]
Sustainable Development Goals ; Water supply ; Towns ; Extreme weather events ; Climate change ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Financing ; Tariffs ; Disaster risk management ; Informal settlements ; Slums
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048812)
(1.19 MB)
This article discusses how key risks from extreme weather events might affect progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 in cities in developing countries. It outlines the magnitude of the existing shortfall in safe water and sanitation services, and how climate change will exacerbate existing problems. It argues that the performance of many governments thus far has lacked urgency and purpose. Unless governments in particular become more committed, with redoubled effort, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.
2 Mani, M.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Chonabayashi, S.; Markandya, A.; Mosier, T. 2018. South Asia’s hotspots: the impact of temperature and precipitation changes on living standards. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 101p. (South Asia Development Matters) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1155-5]
Climate change ; Living standards ; Extreme weather events ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Forecasting ; Resilience ; Greenhouse gases ; Carbon ; Water availability ; Monsoon climate ; Gross national product ; Policies ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Indicators ; Models ; Uncertainty / South Asia / Bangladesh / India / Sri Lanka / Pakistan / Nepal / Afghanistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049071)
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/201031531468051189/pdf/128323-PUB-PUBLIC-DOC-DATE-7-9-18.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049071.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049071.pdf
(5.29 MB) (5.29 MB)
South Asia is highly vulnerable to climate change. Average temperatures have been rising throughout the region, and rainfall has become more erratic. These changes are projected to continue accruing over the coming decades. South Asia’s Hotspots: The Impact of Temperature and Precipitation Changes on Living Standards is the first book of its kind to provide granular spatial analysis of the long-term impacts of changes in average temperature and precipitation on one of the world’s poorest regions. South Asia’s Hotspots finds that higher temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns will reduce living standards in communities across South Asia—locations that the book terms hotspots. More than 800 million people in South Asia currently live in communities that are projected to become hotspots under a carbon-intensive climate scenario. Global action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will reduce the severity of hotspots. Diverse and robust development is the best overall prescription to help people in hotspots. The book also suggests actions tailored to each country in the region such as increasing employment in non-agricultural sectors, improving educational attainment, and expanding access to electricity that would offset the declines in living standards associated with hotspots. South Asia’s Hotspots complements previous studies detailing the impacts of sea-level rise and extreme events on the people of South Asia. Together, these bodies of work create a sound analytical basis for investing in targeted policies and actions to build climate resilience throughout the region.
3 Boergens, E.; Dettmering, D.; Seitz, F. 2019. Observing water level extremes in the Mekong River Basin: the benefit of long-repeat orbit missions in a multi-mission satellite altimetry approach. Journal of Hydrology, 570:463-472. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.041]
River basins ; Water levels ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Monitoring ; Satellite observation ; Inland waters ; Time series analysis ; Topography ; Models / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049132)
(3.56 MB)
Single-mission altimetric water level observations of rivers are spatially and temporally limited, and thus they are often unable to quantify the full extent of extreme flood events. Moreover, only missions with a short-repeat orbit, such as Envisat, Jason-2, or SARAL, could provide meaningful time series of water level variations directly. However, long or non-repeat orbit missions such as CryoSat-2 have a very dense spatial resolution under the trade-off of a repeat time insufficient for time series extraction. Combining data from multiple altimeter missions into a multi-mission product allows for increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of the data. In this study, we combined water level data from CryoSat-2 with various observations from other altimeter missions in the Mekong River Basin between 2008 and 2016 into one multi-mission water level time series using the approach of universal kriging. In contrast to former multi-mission altimetry methods, this approach allows for the incorporation of CryoSat-2 data as well as data from other long or non-repeat orbit missions, such as Envisat-EM or SARAL-DP. Additionally, for the first time, data from tributaries are incorporated. The multi-mission time series including CryoSat-2 data adequately reflects the general inter-annual flood behaviour and the extreme floodings in 2008 and 2011. It performs better than single-mission time series or multi-mission time series based only on short-repeat orbit data. The Probability of Detection of the floodings with the multi-mission altimetry was around 80% while Envisat and Jason-2 single-mission altimetry could only detect around 40% of the floodings correctly. However, small flash floods still remain undetectable.
4 Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.) 2016. Climate change and agricultural development: improving resilience through climate smart agriculture, agroecology and conservation. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 321p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Climate change adaptation ; Agricultural development ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Climate change mitigation ; Resilience ; Extreme weather events ; Water management ; Irrigation management ; Water productivity ; Farming systems ; Conservation agriculture ; Agricultural practices ; Intensification ; Agroecology ; Irrigation canals ; Agroecosystems ; Technology ; Agricultural production ; Cereal crops ; Rice ; Nutrient management ; Soil management ; Integrated management ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Gender ; Corporate culture ; Policies ; Strategies ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / South Asia / South East Asia / China / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.2515 G000 NAG Record No: H049154)
(0.46 MB)
5 Dahal, N.; Shrestha, U. B.; Tuitui, A.; Ojha, H. R. 2019. Temporal changes in precipitation and temperature and their implications on the streamflow of Rosi River, Central Nepal. Climate, 7(1):1-15. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7010003]
Rivers ; Precipitation ; Extreme weather events ; Rain ; Temperature ; Climate change ; Temporal variation ; Watersheds ; Stream flow ; Discharges ; Meteorological stations ; Hydrological factors / Nepal / Himalayan Region / Rosi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049157)
(5.28 MB) (5.28 MB)
Nepal has experienced recent changes in two crucial climatic variables: temperature and precipitation. Therefore, climate-induced water security concerns have now become more pronounced in Nepal as changes in temperature and precipitation have already altered some hydrological processes such as the river runoff in some river systems. However, the linkage between precipitation patterns and streamflow characteristics are poorly understood, especially in small rivers. We analysed the temporal trends of temperature, precipitation, and extreme indices of wet and dry spells in the Rosi watershed in Central Nepal, and observed the temporal patterns of the streamflow of the Rosi river. We also examined the linkages between the average and extreme climate indices and streamflow. We found that the area has warmed up by an average of 0.03 C/year, and has seen a significant decline in precipitation. The dry spell as represented by the maximum length of the dry spell (CDD) and the magnitude of dryness (AII) has become more pronounced, while the wet spell as represented by the number of heavy rainfall days (R5D) and the precipitation intensity on wet days (SDII) has diminished significantly. Our analysis shows that recent changes in precipitation patterns have affected the streamflow of the Rosi river, as manifested in the observed decline in annual and seasonal streamflows. The decrease in the availability of water in the river is likely to have severe consequences for water security in the area.
6 Trinh, T. Q.; Ranola, R. F. Jr; Camacho, L. D.; Simelton, E. 2018. Determinants of farmers’ adaptation to climate change in agricultural production in the central region of Vietnam. Land Use Policy, 70:224-231. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.023]
Climate change adaptation ; Agricultural production ; Farmers ; Strategies ; Extreme weather events ; Decision making ; Monitoring ; Training courses ; Households ; Living standards ; Weather forecasting ; Logit analysis ; Models ; Multivariate analysis / Vietnam / Ky Son commune
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049317)
(0.53 MB)
This paper discusses the likely changes in farm cultural practices that farmers would adopt to minimize agricultural production losses as a response to the increasing occurrence of extreme weather conditions due to climate change in the Central Region of Viet Nam. Using binary logit model and multivariate probit model, this paper examined different factors influencing farmers decision on adaptation to climate change in their agricultural production. Training attendance, farm size, damage level, educational level, farming experience, access to credit, and gender were the factors that influenced significantly the probability that farmers would adapt to climate change. Of these factors, attendance in climate change training and farm size were the most important factors affecting the farmers decision on adaptation to climate change, while labor availability and membership in local organizations were not. Three policy recommendations were proposed to enhance small-scale farmers adaptive capacity to climate change in the region. These include: i). broadening of training courses on climate change; ii). institute policies that would promote consolidation of farmlands; and, iii). integrate concepts of climate change and climate change adaptation into the operation of the local organizations.
7 Khatiwada, K. R.; Pandey, Vishnu Prasad. 2019. Characterization of hydro-meteorological drought in Nepal Himalaya: a case of Karnali River Basin. Weather and Climate Extremes, 26:100239. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100239]
Drought ; Hydrometeorology ; Climate change ; River basins ; Precipitation ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Extreme weather events ; Monsoon climate ; Temperature ; Meteorological stations / Nepal / Himalaya / Karnali River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049419)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094718302044/pdfft?md5=91d9ccaec12e6fa60b214db2656e3a73&pid=1-s2.0-S2212094718302044-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049419.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049419.pdf
(3.34 MB) (3.34 MB)
Himalayan river basin is marked by a complex topography with limited observational data. In the context of increasing extreme events, this study aims to characterize drought events in the Karnali River Basin (KRB). Firstly, historical data for 34-years (1981–2014) from ten different stations were analyzed to compute following drought indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI), Standardized Streamflow Index (SFI), and Palmer Hydrological Drought Severity Index (PHDI). Among them, SPI is able to capture the drought duration and intensity fairly well with the others. Secondly, SPI was used to analyse the drought of the entire basin. The SPI analysis showed occurrence of major drought events in the recent years: 1984–85, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1994–95, 2004–09, and 2012. The winter drought of 1999, 2006, 2008–09 were widespread and the monsoon drought is increasing its frequency. No particular pattern of drought was observed from the historical data; however, yield sensitivity index revealed that precipitation pattern and anomaly is influencing crop yield in the area. Being the first study revealing prevalence of the drought in KRB, it can provide a basis for prioritizing interventions focused on drought management in the region.
8 Chuthong, J.; Liu, H.; Xu, F.; Cheng, D.; Zhang, W.; Leh, Mansoor; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2019. Joint research on hydrological impacts of the Lancang hydropower cascade on downstream extreme events: final report. Vientiane, Lao PDR: Mekong River Commission (MRC); Beijing, China: Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center (LMWRCC); Beijing, China: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 140p.
Hydropower ; Development projects ; Hydrological factors ; Extreme weather events ; Drought ; Flooding ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Water resources ; Reservoirs ; Rivers ; Dams ; Stream flow ; Discharges ; Water levels ; Runoff ; Dry season ; Climatic factors ; International waters ; Meteorological stations ; Salinity ; Models / China / Thailand / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Cambodia / Myanmar / Vietnam / Lancang-Mekong Basin / Lancang River / Mekong River / Mekong Delta / Chiang Saen Sub Basin / Luang Prabang Sub Basin / Jinghong / Nong Khai / Nakhon Phanom / Mukdahan / Pakse / Stung Treng / Kratie
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049432)
(11.10 MB)
9 Schulte-Kellinghaus, Nikola. 2019. Flood-based farming systems and human-water dynamics in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar. Thesis submitted to the Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Germany, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Master of Science. 100p.
Farming systems ; Flooded rice ; Floodplains ; Deltas ; Climate change ; Extreme weather events ; Biodiversity ; Flooded land ; Land use ; Surface water ; Hydroclimatology ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Rivers ; Soils ; Salinity ; Crop yield ; Farmers ; Market access ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models ; Uncertainty / Myanmar / Ayeyarwady Delta / Ayeyarwady River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049445)
(8.57 MB)
The flood-based farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar are changing. Change describes the modification of the flood pattern which is constituted by depth and duration of flooding and is the determining factor for rice cultivation. Flood-induced crop loss poses the major challenge to the farmers in the delta. To understand the flood-based farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta, the random forest algorithm was applied to generate rice suitability location models and to create suitability maps. Thus, correlations were observed between the developed definitions for the three rice growing areas based on quantitative interviews with farmers and the physical factors obtained from the input datasets – mainly remote sensing data concerning surface water and vegetation. To underpin the information of the generated suitability maps, human-water dynamics in the Ayeyarwady Delta are exemplified in terms of the pluralistic water research (PWR) framework (EVERS ET AL. 2017). Socio-economic and hydro-climatic drivers control this system and besides determine the suitable location of the three rice growing areas. This concept facilitates an understanding of the relationships and feedbacks of the human-water dynamics and is able to analyse flood risk mitigation in the Ayeyarwady Delta.
10 Filho, W. L.; Azeiteiro, U. M.; Alves, F. (Eds.) 2016. Climate change and health: improving resilience and reducing risks. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 532p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24660-4]
Climate change mitigation ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Disaster risk reduction ; Resilience ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Landslides ; Food security ; Food wastes ; Water Supply ; Water quality ; Malnutrition ; Vector-borne diseases ; Infectious diseases ; Malaria ; Dengue ; Ebolavirus ; Cardiovascular system ; Mental health ; Air quality ; Poverty ; Sustainable development ; Political aspects ; Social aspects ; Environmental sustainability ; Highlands ; Ecosystems ; Rain ; Training ; Communities ; Geographical information systems ; Case studies ; European Union countries / Sahel / Cameroon / Nigeria / Mozambique / Brazil / Bolivia / Uruguay / Paraguay / Portugal / Austria / Rio de Janeiro / Gaza Province / Vienna / Sao Paulo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H049478)
11 James, A. J.; Bahadur, A. V.; Verma, Shilp; Reid, P.; Biswas, S. 2018. Climate-resilient water management: an operational framework from South Asia. Learning paper. New Delhi, India: Oxford Policy Management. Action on Climate Today. 32p.
Water management ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Groundwater management ; Water demand ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Drought ; Precipitation ; Water storage ; Communities / South Asia / India / Nepal / Pakistan / Afghanistan / Bihar / Chhattisgarh / Odisha / Assam / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049508)
https://www.opml.co.uk/files/Publications/8617-action-on-climate-today-act/climate-resilient-water-management-an-operational-framework-from-south-asia.pdf?noredirect=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049508.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049508.pdf
(1.44 MB) (1.44 MB)
12 Tesfaye, A.; Hansen, J.; Kassie, G. T.; Radeny, M.; Solomon, D. 2019. Estimating the economic value of climate services for strengthening resilience of smallholder farmers to climate risks in Ethiopia: a choice experiment approach. Ecological Economics, 162:157-168. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.019]
Climate change ; Resilience ; Extreme weather events ; Risk coping strategies ; Economic value ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural warning services ; Estimation ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Willingness to pay ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Models / Ethiopia / Oromia / Malima / Ada'a / Dodota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049488)
(1.40 MB)
This study estimated the economic value of agricultural climate services for strengthening the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate variability and risks in Ethiopia. Using a choice experiment approach, the study introduced a hypothetical package of improved climate services to 600 randomly selected smallholder farmers in three districts across three different agro-ecological zones in the Oromia Regional State. A generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) model was used to estimate preferred attributes of climate services and willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. The results show that the preferred bundle of improved climate services among smallholder farmers was one that could be communicated in short text message system, provided along with credit facility, and market information and one that favors participatory decision making by smallholders. The results further reveal that the WTP value exhibited high implicit price for participatory decision-making. The study sheds light on important characteristics of agricultural climate services that may improve their acceptability and usability among smallholders. It also highlights the importance of packaging additional services including digital and ICT-based solutions, financial and market information along with climate services to promote demand-driven last mile delivery systems. Engaging smallholder farmers in a participatory manner in the decision-making process can help them make informed decision.
13 Perera, D.; Smakhtin, V.; Pischke, F.; Ohara, M.; Findikakis, A.; Werner, M.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Koeppel, S.; Plotnykova, H.; Hulsmann, S.; Caponi, C. 2020. Water-related extremes and risk management. In UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.58-67.
Extreme weather events ; Disaster risk management ; Climate change adaptation ; Disaster risk reduction ; Weather hazards ; Drought ; Flooding ; Resilience ; Water management ; Weather forecasting ; Early warning systems ; Insurance ; Planning ; Assessment ; Monitoring
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049602)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=71
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049602.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049602.pdf
(3.17 MB) (37.7 MB)
This chapter focuses on the linkages between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, highlighting opportunities to build more resilient systems through a combination of 'hard' and 'soft' measures.
14 Bharati, Luna; Uhlenbrook, Stefan. 2020. Moving from water problems to water solutions in a climate-challenged world. Rural 21, 54(1):4-7.
Water management ; Climate change adaptation ; Water resources ; Integrated management ; Water availability ; Groundwater ; Sustainability ; Food systems ; Extreme weather events ; Risk management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049610)
https://www.rural21.com/fileadmin/downloads/2020/en-01/Rural21_1_2020_1.pdf#page=4
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049610.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049610.pdf
(0.34 MB) (2.46 MB)
15 Sedova, B.; Kalkuhl, M. 2020. Who are the climate migrants and where do they go?: evidence from rural India. World Development, 129:104848. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104848]
Rural urban migration ; Climate change ; Extreme weather events ; Migrants ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Policies ; Econometrics ; Models / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049638)
(14.80 MB)
In this paper, we move from the large strand of research that looks at evidence of climate migration to the questions: who are the climate migrants? and where do they go? These questions are crucial to design policies that mitigate welfare losses of migration choices due to climate change. We study the direct and heterogeneous associations between weather extremes and migration in rural India. We combine ERA5 reanalysis data with the India Human Development Survey household panel and conduct regression analyses by applying linear probability and multinomial logit models. This enables us to establish a causal relationship between temperature and precipitation anomalies and overall migration as well as migration by destination. We show that adverse weather shocks decrease rural-rural and international migration and push people into cities in different, presumably more prosperous states. A series of positive weather shocks, however, facilitates international migration and migration to cities within the same state. Further, our results indicate that in contrast to other migrants, climate migrants are likely to be from the lower end of the skill distribution and from households strongly dependent on agricultural production. We estimate that approximately 8% of all rural-urban moves between 2005 and 2012 can be attributed to weather. This figure might increase as a consequence of climate change. Thus, a key policy recommendation is to take steps to facilitate integration of less educated migrants into the urban labor market.
16 Singh, R.; Pandey, Vishnu Prasad; Kayastha, S. P. 2021. Hydro-climatic extremes in the Himalayan watersheds: a case of the Marshyangdi Watershed, Nepal. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 143(1-2):131-158. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03401-2]
Watersheds ; Hydroclimatology ; Extreme weather events ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Forecasting ; River basins ; Stream flow ; Climate change ; Spatial distribution ; Trends ; Models ; Hydrological factors ; Meteorological stations / Nepal / Himalayan Region / Marshyangdi Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050018)
(5.06 MB)
Climate change/variability and subsequent exacerbation of extremes are affecting human and ecological health across the globe. This study aims at unpacking hydro-climatic extremes in a snow-fed Marshyangdi watershed, which has a potential for water infrastructure development, located in Central Nepal. Bias-corrected projected future climate for near (2014–2033) and mid-future (2034–2053) under moderate and pessimistic scenarios were developed based on multiple regional climate models. Historical (1983–2013) and future trends of selected climatic extreme indices were calculated using RClimDex and hydrological extremes using Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration tool. Results show that historical trends in precipitation extremes such as number of heavy and very heavy precipitation days and maximum 1-day precipitation are decreasing while the temperature-related extremes have both increasing and decreasing trends (e.g., warm spell duration index, warm days and summer days are increasing whereas cold spell duration index, cool days and warm nights are decreasing). These results indicate drier and hotter conditions over the historical period. The projected future temperature indices (hot nights, warm days) reveal increasing trend for both the scenarios in contrast with decreasing trends in some of the extreme precipitation indices such as consecutive dry and wet days and maximum 5-day precipitation. Furthermore, the watershed has low mean hydrological alterations (27.9%) in the natural flow regime. These results indicate continuation of wetter and hotter future in the Marshyangdi watershed with likely impacts on future water availability and associated conflicts for water allocation, and therefore affect the river health conditions.
17 Surinaidu, L.; Amarasinghe, Upali; Maheswaran, R.; Nandan, M. J. 2020. Assessment of long-term hydrogeological changes and plausible solutions to manage hydrological extremes in the transnational Ganga River Basin. H2Open Journal, 3(1):457-480. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2020.049]
River basins ; International waters ; Riparian zones ; Hydrogeology ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Rain ; Climate change ; Sustainable development ; Water resources ; Water management ; Surface water ; Groundwater recharge ; Flow discharge ; Environmental flows ; International agreements ; International cooperation ; Conflicts ; Strategies ; Satellite observation ; Geomorphology ; Deltas ; Aquifers ; Modelling / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganga River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050114)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/3/1/457/820192/h2oj0030457.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050114.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050114.pdf
(0.85 MB) (868 KB)
The Ganga is an international transboundary river that flows across three major riparian countries: India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, where India shares a significant proportion of the total basin area. The river system is highly dynamic and regularly floods in all three countries due to abundant rainfall in a short period of only four months each year that causes tremendous loss of both property and human life. In this study, we have done a synoptic review to synthesize the hydrology, hydrogeology, and modeling studies that have analyzed hydrological changes and their impacts in the Ganga basin. This review also identifies some of the knowledge gaps and discusses possible options for enhancing the understanding of sustainable water development and management. This review indicated that transparent data sharing, use of satellite-based observations along with in-situ data, integrated hydro-economic modeling linked to reliable coupled surface–groundwater models, a central shared decision support center for early warning systems to deal with hydrological extremes, joint river commissions and monitoring teams, and multilateral water sharing treaties (agreements) are required to promote sustainable and equitable distribution of water resources and to avoid water sharing conflicts in the Ganga basin.
18 Stewart, B.; Buytaert, W.; Mishra, A.; Zandaryaa, S.; Connor, R.; Timmerman, J.; Uhlenbrook, S.; Hada, R. 2020. Prologue: the state of water resources in the context of climate change. In UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.10-29.
Water resources ; Climate change ; Water availability ; Hydrological cycle ; Water quality ; Water demand ; Extreme weather events ; Natural disasters ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Water stress ; Infrastructure ; Ecosystems ; Small Island Developing States ; Semiarid zones ; Coastal areas ; Highlands ; Forecasting ; Models ; Uncertainty
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049607)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=23
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049607.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049607.pdf
(5.04 MB) (37.7 MB)
The Prologue provides an overview of the state of the world’s water resources and the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle, including water availability and quality, water demand, water-related disasters and extreme events, and ecosystems. Knowledge gaps, limitations and uncertainties are also addressed.
19 UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. 2020. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. 219p.
Water resources ; Water management ; Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Resilience ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water availability ; Infrastructure ; Ecosystems ; Extreme weather events ; Vulnerability ; Disaster risk reduction ; Early warning systems ; Forecasting ; Water stress ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Groundwater ; Wastewater treatment ; Technological changes ; Innovation ; Energy generation ; Nexus ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Gender ; Human settlements ; Urban development ; Food security ; Agriculture ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Land use ; Policies ; International agreements ; Water governance ; Strategies ; Decision making ; Financing / Africa South of Sahara / Europe / Central Asia / Latin America / Caribbean / Asia and the Pacific / Western Asia / North Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049600)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049600.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049600.pdf
(37.70 MB) (37.7 MB)
20 Santos, C. A. G.; Neto, R. M. B.; do Nascimento, T. V. M.; da Silva, R. M.; Mishra, M.; Frade, T. G. 2021. Geospatial drought severity analysis based on PERSIANN-CDR- [Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks - Climate Data Record] estimated rainfall data for Odisha State in India (1983–2018). Science of the Total Environment, 750:141258. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141258]
Drought ; Extreme weather events ; Climatic data ; Rainfall patterns ; Precipitation ; Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Temperature ; Satellite observation ; Neural networks ; Spatial distribution ; Coastal area / India / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050146)
(4.66 MB)
Studying the behavior of drought and its short-, medium- and long-term features throughout a region is very important for the creation of adequate public policies and actions aimed at the economic and social development of the region. Furthermore, the frequency and intensity of weather-related natural hazards (rainfall, heatwaves and droughts) are increasing every year, and these extreme weather-related events are potent threats worldwide, particularly in developing countries, such as India. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the drought behavior in the Odisha region of India (1983–2018) by using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the new drought severity classification (DS). PERSIANN-CDR-estimated rainfall data were used to provide 271 time series, which were equally spaced at intervals of 0.25°, over Odisha state. The accuracy of these time series was evaluated with rain gauge-measured data at multiple time scales, and it was observed that the PERSIANN-CDR-estimated rainfall data effectively captured the pattern of rainfall over Odisha state. It was noted that almost half of the mean annual rainfall was concentrated in July and August. On addition, northeastern Odisha and areas near the coast were the rainiest regions. Furthermore, the drought pattern was evaluated based on nine distinct four-year periods (SPI-48), and the results indicated that there was high spatiotemporal variability in drought occurrence among those periods; e.g., in the last four years, extreme drought events occurred throughout the state. For the DS severity index analysis, it was noted that the values tended to be more significant with the increase in the drought time scale. For short-term droughts, DS values were less significant throughout the region, whereas for the medium-term droughts, there was an increase in the DS values in all regions of Odisha, especially in the north-central region. For long-term droughts, the values were more significant throughout the region, especially in the areas with the highest rainfall levels. Finally, the PERSIANN-CDR data should also be analyzed in other regions of India, and the obtained results are useful for the identification of droughts throughout the region and for the management of water resources and can be replicated in any part of the world.
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