Your search found 3 records
1 Mehmood, Q.; Mehmood, W.; Awais, M.; Rashid, H.; Rizwan, M.; Anjum, L.; Muneer, M. A.; Niaz, Y.; Hamid, S. 2020. Optimizing groundwater quality exploration for irrigation water wells using geophysical technique in semi-arid irrigated area of Pakistan. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 11:100397. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100397]
Groundwater ; Water quality ; Irrigation water ; Tube wells ; Semiarid zones ; Geophysics ; Techniques ; Aquifers ; Pumping ; Hydrogeology ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab / Okara District / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049764)
(1.45 MB)
Geophysical method using vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique, in combination with borehole lithological data analysis was used to locate the subsurface layers containing good quality water in District Okara, Punjab Pakistan. Ten VES surveys (VES-1-10) were conducted by utilizing the Schlumberger electrode configuration. A calibrated model was developed for the study area by integrating the resistivity and lithological data. The model showed that the study area has three geoelectric layers below the water table with resistivities 50-100 O-m, 25-50 O-m and <25 O-m describing the good, marginal and poor quality water layers respectively. Integrated data analysis show that six sites (i.e., VES-1, VES-2, VES-3, VES-5, VES-7, & VES-10) have layers of good quality water at different depths. Out of these 6 sites, 3 sites (VES-3, VES-7 and VES-10) are suitable for installing the irrigation water wells in terms of water quality and potential while the remaining three sites (VES-1, VES-2 and VES-5) were not suitable due to shallow thickness of good quality aquifer. Three sites VES-3, VES-5 and VES-10 were selected for drilling in order to validate the modeled results, samples were collected from each 1.5–3.0 m depth for the laboratory analysis. The results showed that the resistivity data were in close agreement with the lithological data and VES-10 was most suitable for groundwater extraction. An Irrigation tube-well was installed at VES-10 and its quality was monitored for one year which showed successful supply of groundwater in terms of quality and potential.
2 Ali Nawaz, Rana; Awan, Usman Khalid; Anjum, L.; Liaqat, Umar Waqas. 2021. A novel approach to analyze uncertainties and complexities while mapping groundwater abstractions in large irrigation schemes. Journal of Hydrology, 596:126131. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126131]
Groundwater extraction ; Mapping ; Estimation ; Irrigation schemes ; Large scale systems ; Water supply ; Water use ; Canals ; Tube wells ; Evapotranspiration ; Rain ; Energy balance ; Remote sensing ; Uncertainty / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab / Lower Bari Doab Canal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050314)
(3.56 MB)
While determining the water balance for large irrigation schemes, coping with complexities and uncertainties in estimation of groundwater (GW) abstraction is still a challenge. On other hand, estimating GW abstraction is of paramount importance to ensure the proper management of surface and GW resources. Although, there are number of well-known methods exist to map GW abstraction, utilization-factor (Uf) is considered as a reliable method. However, at large scales, tubewells utilization time required for Uf method is difficult to retrieve as large and small tubewells are governed under different rules. Geo-informatics is another emerging approach being used to estimate GW abstraction, however, there are several complexities and uncertainties involved in characterizing GW abstraction using satellite remote sensing imagery that leads to inaccurate end results. In current study, in-situ GW measurements were performed to calibrate and validate the GW abstraction estimated from geo-informatics approach at Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) command area of the Indus basin of Pakistan. For in-situ measurements, an intensive tubewell survey was conducted at a grid size of 1 km at 30 locations situated at head, middle and tail end reaches of the LBDC. For the geo-informatics approach used in this study, GW abstraction is considered as a difference of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from net canal water use and effective rainfall after satisfying soil moisture storage changes. Results of calibration of geo-informatics approach compared with the in-situ measurements showed R2 of 0.89, 0.81 and 0.79 at head, middle and tail end reaches, respectively. Intra-grid annual comparison of in-situ measurements showed that tubewells were being governed by different rules and thus yielded different abstraction within a grid ranging from 854 mm (±105) at head, 742 mm (±220) at middle and 649 mm (±244) at tail grids. Statistical analysis showed that annual GW abstraction by in-situ measurements at head 814 mm (±52), middle 769 mm (±44) and tail 688 mm (±56) end reaches varied significantly at a confidence interval of 95%. The spatial mapping by geo-informatics showed that farmers’ fields situated at proximity of head end reaches utilize 4% and 9% extra water than from those placed at middle and tail end reaches, respectively. The inequity of GW abstraction in LBDC command area highlighted in this study requires immediate intervention of policy makers for sustainable GW management.
3 Rizwan, M.; Li, X.; Chen, Y.; Anjum, L.; Hamid, S.; Yamin, M.; Chauhdary, J. N.; Shahid, M. A.; Mehmood, Q. 2023. Simulating future flood risks under climate change in the source region of the Indus River. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 16(1):e12857. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12857]
Climate change ; Flooding ; Risk ; Precipitation ; Stream flow ; Land cover ; Climate models ; Aquifer / Pakistan / India / Afghanistan / Upper Indus River Basin / Jhelum River Basin / Kabul River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051719)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfr3.12857
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051719.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051719.pdf
(7.52 MB) (7.52 MB)
Pakistan experiences extreme flood events almost every year during the monsoon season. Recently, flood events have become more disastrous as their frequency and magnitude have increased due to climate change. This situation is further worsened due to the limited capacity of existing water reservoirs and their ability to absorb and mitigate peak floods. Thus, the simulation of stream flows using projected data from climate models is essential to assess flood events and proper water resource management in the country. This study investigates the future floods (in near future and far future periods) using the integrated flood analysis system (IFAS) model under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. Downscaled and bias corrected climatic data of six general circulation models and their ensemble were used in this study. The IFAS model simulated the stream flow efficiently (R2 = 0.86–0.93 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.72–0.92) in the Jhelum River basin (JRB), Kabul River basin (KRB), and upper Indus River basin (UIRB) during the calibration and validation periods. The simulation results of the model showed significant impact of projected climate change on stream flows that will cause the mean monthly stream flow in the JRB to be lower, while that of the KRB and UIRB to be higher than that of the historical period. The highest flow months are expected to shift from May–June (Jhelum basin) and June–July (Kabul basin) to April–May with no changes in the UIRB. Higher frequencies of low to medium floods are projected in the KRB and UIRB, while the JRB expects fewer flood events. Based on the results from the IFAS model, it is concluded that stream flow in the study area will increase with several flood events.
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