Your search found 9 records
1 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. IWMI Annual report 2020. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 62p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.210]
Water management ; Water security ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Innovation ; Research programmes ; Partnerships ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Public health ; Water policies ; Waste management ; Wastewater ; Solar energy ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Groundwater ; Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Resilience ; Crop insurance ; Poverty reduction ; Livelihoods ; Gender equality ; Women's participation ; Youth ; Inclusion ; Water user associations ; Environmental health ; Biodiversity ; Wetlands / Africa / Middle East / North Africa / Central Asia / South Asia / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Myanmar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050677)
(5.08 MB)
2 Ahmed, Z.; Gui, D.; Qi, Z.; Liu, Y. 2022. Poverty reduction through water interventions: a review of approaches in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Irrigation and Drainage, 20p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2680]
Poverty reduction ; Water resources ; Rural communities ; Livelihoods ; Irrigated farming ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation schemes ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Infrastructure ; Water scarcity ; Rainwater ; Livestock ; Socioeconomic impact / Africa South of Sahara / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050938)
(1.11 MB)
Water is a key factor in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty elimination and hunger eradication. The regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA) are stricken with absolute poverty, with 70% of the world's poor. These regions are mainly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Diverse rural livelihoods in SSA and SA demand water interventions with more fruitful and effective outcomes in terms of poverty reduction. Existing water resources are not yet fully exploited in SSA and SA as these regions have a significant potential of 43 and 169 million ha, respectively, for irrigated agriculture through various water interventions. Various water interventions to alleviate poverty through better agricultural productivity across SSA and SA have been identified in this study. Major water intervention options identified include actions to: improve rain water management in rain-fed agriculture, facilitate community-based small-scale irrigation schemes, development and management of groundwater irrigation, interventions to upgrade and modernize existing irrigation systems, facilitate and improve livestock production and promote multiple uses of water. Investment in these water interventions will certainly help to break the poverty trap across diverse rural communities of SSA and SA.
3 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2023. Scaling solar-based irrigation in Ghana’s Upper East Region: a demand-supply linkage approach. Adaptive Innovation Scaling - Pathways from Small-scale Irrigation to Sustainable Development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Issue Brief 22) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.201]
Solar powered irrigation systems ; Innovation scaling ; Supply and demand ; Innovation adoption ; Small-scale irrigation ; Sustainable development ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Technology ; Pumps ; Agricultural productivity ; Irrigated farming ; Vegetables ; Agricultural value chains ; Financing ; Business models ; Market segmentation ; Marketing ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Women ; Youth ; Private sector ; Investment ; Inclusion ; Groundwater ; Water management ; Climate change ; Poverty reduction ; Collective action ; Outreach / Ghana / Upper East Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051679)
(1.05 MB)
4 Islam, M. R. 2023. Factors influencing economic benefit of rainwater harvesting: an empirical analysis. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 72(1):32-48. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.040]
Rainwater harvesting ; Economic benefits ; Household surveys ; Poverty reduction ; Poverty alleviation ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Climate change ; Water supply ; Water use ; Infrastructure ; Water management / Bangladesh / Khulna / Bagerhat / Mongla
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051623)
https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/72/1/32/1163987/jws0720032.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051623.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051623.pdf
(0.46 MB) (472 KB)
This study examines key factors influencing the economic benefit of rainwater harvesting on the household at the Mongla Upazila in the Bagerhat district of coastal Bangladesh. The household survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 1040 households. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis was applied to understand the relationship between economic benefit and factors that can affect economic benefit in the household. The empirical result shows that income (1.103**), storage capacity (0.574***), water price (32708.9***), age of rainwater harvesting (100.083***), and total cost (1.627***) positively impact economic benefit while the number of children (35.531**) has a negative relationship. The finding confirms the validity of statistical hypotheses. In addition, heterogeneity analysis was employed to test the model's strength and robustness check to validate the structural function and efficiency of the regression model. The finding concludes with policy recommendations, especially for rain-intensive countries that focus on (i) formulating and implementing rainwater harvesting policy; (ii) integrating rainwater harvesting as a tool for poverty reduction and achieving sustainable development goals; (iii) minimizing mismanagement of (rain) water that causes floods; (iv) initiating programmes and taking the necessary steps for providing financial and non-financial incentives for rainwater harvesting in commercial, and non-commercial buildings.
5 Urfels, A.; Mausch, K.; Harris, D.; McDonald, A. J.; Kishore, A.; Balwinder-Singh; van Halsema, G.; Struik, P. C.; Craufurd, P.; Foster, T.; Singh, V.; Krupnik, T. 2023. Farm size limits agriculture's poverty reduction potential in Eastern India even with irrigation-led intensification. Agricultural Systems, 207:103618. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103618]
Farm size ; Poverty reduction ; Intensification ; Food security ; Climate resilience ; Smallholders ; Rice ; Sustainable agriculture ; Cropping systems ; Households ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Farm income ; Crop production ; Value chains / South Asia / India / Bihar / Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051731)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X23000239/pdfft?md5=2a024959f5d2befb681e065be718b7c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X23000239-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051731.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051731.pdf
(4.48 MB) (4.48 MB)
CONTEXT: Millions of people living in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India engage in agriculture to support their livelihoods yet are income poor, and food and climate insecure. To address these challenges, policymakers and development programs invest in irrigation-led agricultural intensification. However, the evidence for agricultural intensification to lift farmers' incomes above the poverty line remains largely anecdotal.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to use a large household survey (n = 15,572; rice: 8244, wheat: 7328; 2017/18) to assess the link between agricultural intensification and personal daily incomes from farming (FPDI) in the rice-wheat systems of the EGP – the dominant cropping system of the region.
METHODS: We use the Intensification Benefit Index (IBI), a measure that relates farm size and household size to FPDI, to assess how daily incomes from rice-wheat production change with irrigation-led intensification across the EGP.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the international poverty line of 1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)$ day-1 and accounting for variations in HH size in the analysis, we found that small farm sizes limit the potential for agricultural intensification from irrigation to transform the poverty status of households in the bottom three quartiles of the IBI. The estimated median FPDI of households with intensified systems in the bottom three quartiles is only 0.51 PPP$ day-1 (a 0.15 PPP$ gain). The median FPDI increases to 2.10 PPP$ day-1 for households in the upper quartile of the IBI distribution (a 0.30 PPP$ gain). Irrigation-led agricultural intensification of rice-wheat systems in the EGP may provide substantial benefits for resilience to climatic change and food security but achieving meaningful poverty reduction will require complementary investments.
SIGNIFICANCE: Transforming the poverty status of most smallholder farmers in the EGP requires diversified portfolios of rural on- and off-farm income-generating opportunities. While bolstering food- and climate security, agronomic intervention programs should consider smallholders' limited monetary incentives to invest in intensification. Irrigation-led agricultural intensification programs and policies should explicitly account for the heterogeneity in household resources, irrigation levels, and degree of dependence on agricultural income.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to use a large household survey (n = 15,572; rice: 8244, wheat: 7328; 2017/18) to assess the link between agricultural intensification and personal daily incomes from farming (FPDI) in the rice-wheat systems of the EGP – the dominant cropping system of the region.
METHODS: We use the Intensification Benefit Index (IBI), a measure that relates farm size and household size to FPDI, to assess how daily incomes from rice-wheat production change with irrigation-led intensification across the EGP.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the international poverty line of 1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)$ day-1 and accounting for variations in HH size in the analysis, we found that small farm sizes limit the potential for agricultural intensification from irrigation to transform the poverty status of households in the bottom three quartiles of the IBI. The estimated median FPDI of households with intensified systems in the bottom three quartiles is only 0.51 PPP$ day-1 (a 0.15 PPP$ gain). The median FPDI increases to 2.10 PPP$ day-1 for households in the upper quartile of the IBI distribution (a 0.30 PPP$ gain). Irrigation-led agricultural intensification of rice-wheat systems in the EGP may provide substantial benefits for resilience to climatic change and food security but achieving meaningful poverty reduction will require complementary investments.
SIGNIFICANCE: Transforming the poverty status of most smallholder farmers in the EGP requires diversified portfolios of rural on- and off-farm income-generating opportunities. While bolstering food- and climate security, agronomic intervention programs should consider smallholders' limited monetary incentives to invest in intensification. Irrigation-led agricultural intensification programs and policies should explicitly account for the heterogeneity in household resources, irrigation levels, and degree of dependence on agricultural income.
6 Kundo, H. K.; Brueckner, M.; Spencer, R.; Davis, J. K. 2023. The politics of linking disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation with social protection in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 89:103640. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103640]
Disaster risk reduction ; Climate change adaptation ; Social protection ; Political aspects ; Political parties ; Vulnerability ; Policies ; Risk management ; Sustainable development ; Local government ; Resilience ; Poverty reduction ; Stakeholders ; Participation ; Households ; Decision making / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051790)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420923001206/pdfft?md5=bf029f3556fb4fadf0354caa52db6854&pid=1-s2.0-S2212420923001206-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051790.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051790.pdf
(4.32 MB) (4.32 MB)
Recent years have seen a growing emphasis on the mainstreaming and integration of climate change strategies to make social protection systems more adaptive and effective for tackling mounting climate-induced vulnerability. However, little is known about the extent to which climate change concerns are being incorporated into social protection systems and what drives such mainstreaming and integration. Employing a building blocks framework for mainstreaming and political settlement theory, we assess the progress made in such efforts in Bangladesh, and provide a political economy analysis of relevant policies, strategies, and qualitative empirical data. While the findings suggest that there is no distinct alignment between the growth of social protection and particular forms of political settlements, we demonstrate that the dominant ruling party shows strong political will for the mainstreaming of climate strategies into development policies; yet it does so by managing subsistence crises, adopting a top-down and techno-managerial approach to social protection to give short-term relief from climate vulnerabilities at the expense of making the schemes adaptive. Instead of improving performance by implementing programmes strictly and disciplining local actors, the dominant ruling party maintains a clientelist structure that placates elite interests, showcasing performance of developmental interventions through corrupt reporting practices. Consequently, we argue that the mainstreaming and integration process should adopt a rights-based transformative approach to social protection and employ a locally led process of adaptation decision-making in order to strengthen political capabilities of citizens and to create more just, equitable and sustainable outcomes for the poor.
7 Magesa, B. A.; Mohan, G.; Matsuda, H.; Melts, I.; Kefi, M.; Fukushi, K. 2023. Understanding the farmers’ choices and adoption of adaptation strategies, and plans to climate change impact in Africa: a systematic review. Climate Services, 30:100362. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2023.100362]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Sustainable development ; Farmers ; Smallholders ; Livelihood diversification ; Precipitation ; Food security ; Farming systems ; Vulnerability ; Indicators ; Poverty reduction ; Food insecurity ; Models ; Household surveys ; Irrigation schemes ; Organic fertilizers ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Crop production ; Agroforestry ; Climate-smart agriculture / South Africa / Africa / Ethiopia / Malawi / Ghana / United Republic of Tanzania / Kenya / Zimbabwe / Burkina Faso / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052074)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405880723000237/pdfft?md5=e2175d4b9bd12db7695ef961ea5e949f&pid=1-s2.0-S2405880723000237-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052074.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052074.pdf
(6.40 MB) (6.40 MB)
The study evaluates the farmers' choices and adoption of adaptation measures and plans by smallholder farmers to reduce the effects of climate change on their farming activities. We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. We found 66 associated studies to understand farmers’ adaptation measures to climate change impacts in Africa. The paper summarizes four categories, including i) crop varieties and management; ii) water and soil management; iii) financial schemes, migration, and culture; and finally, iv) agriculture and weather services. The findings revealed that majority of studies identified crop diversification (51.5%), planting drought-tolerant varieties (45%), changing planting dates (42%), and planting early maturing crops (22%) as dominant strategies. These adaptation strategies are a welcome development and may be beneficial for responding to the impacts of climate change. However, they might not be effective during times of more extreme climate changes in the coming decades. Hence, more transformative changes, such as building more infrastructures for irrigation, promoting crop insurance, using improved varieties, and increasing opportunities for livelihood diversification, should be considered in addition to the existing adaptation strategies and potentially contributes towards SDG 1 (No Poverty) and 2 (Zero Hunger).
8 Lankes, H. P.; Macquarie, R.; Soubeyran, E.; Stern, N. 2024. The relationship between climate action and poverty reduction. The World Bank Research Observer, 39(1):1-46. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkad011]
Poverty reduction ; Climate change adaptation ; Policies ; Households ; Renewable energy ; Communities ; Resilience ; Political aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052452)
https://academic.oup.com/wbro/article-pdf/39/1/1/55675566/lkad011.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052452.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052452.pdf
(1.08 MB)
There is growing awareness that actions by policymakers and international organizations to reduce poverty, and those to mitigate and adapt to climate change, are inextricably linked and interwoven. This paper examines relevant academic and policy literature and evidence on this relationship and explores the potential for a new form of development that simultaneously mitigates climate change, manages its impacts, and improves the wellbeing of people in poverty. First, as a key foundation, it outlines the backdrop in basic moral philosophy, noting that climate action and poverty reduction can be motivated both by a core principle based on the right to development and by the conventional consequentialism that is standard in economics. Second, it reviews assessments of the current and potential future impacts of weakly managed climate change on the wellbeing of those in poverty, paying attention to unequal effects, including by gender. Third, it examines arguments and literature on the economic impacts of climate action and policies and how those affect the wellbeing of people in poverty, highlighting the importance of market failures, technological change, systemic dynamics of transition, and distributional effects of mitigation and adaptation. Finally, the paper surveys the current state of knowledge and understanding of how climate action and poverty reduction can be integrated in policy design, indicating where further research can contribute to a transition that succeeds in both objectives.
9 Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Minh, Thai Thi; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali. 2022. A policymaker’s guide to increasing youth engagement in aquaculture in Nigeria. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. 2p. (Program Brief: WorldFish-2022-13)
Aquaculture ; Youth ; Engagement ; Poverty reduction ; Policy making ; Risk management ; Fish ; Value chains ; Financing ; Social networks / Africa South of Sahara / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052643)
https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12348/5301/71c80f289bc4d273556b93a4bfc1d691.pdf?sequence2=
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052643.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052643.pdf
(1.58 MB) (1.58 MB)
Supporting young people to enter food value chains can help reduce high levels of youth unemployment across sub-Saharan Africa. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and WorldFish conducted a study to understand the drivers of, and hindrances to, youth entry into aquaculture value chains in Nigeria to support development of youth-inclusive policy for rural areas.
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