Your search found 12 records
1 de Rouw, Anneke; Douillet, M.; Tjiantahosong, H.; Ribolzi, Olivier; Thiebaux, Jean-Pierre. 2007. Dispersal of weed seeds by erosion and flow processes in upland fields. In Gebbie, L.; Glendinning, A.; Lefroy-Braun, R.; Victor, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Sloping Lands and Watershed Management: Linking Research to Strengthen upland Policies and Practices, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute of Lao PDR (NAFRI), Vientiane, Lao PDR, 2007. Vientiane, LAO PDR: National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute of Lao PDR (NAFRI) pp.156-166.
Erosion ; Seeds ; Weeds ; Grasses ; Rice ; Shifting cultivation ; Catchment areas / Laos / Houay Pano Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 708 ROW Record No: H041519)
http://www.nafri.org.la/documents/SSLWM/SSLWMpapers/chapter2/ch2_04_derouw.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041519.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041519.pdf
2 Chitrakar, P. L. 1990. Planning agriculture and farmers: strategy for Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ganesh Devi Chitrakar. 332p.
Agricultural development ; Agricultural policy ; Development plans ; Farmers ; Cash crops ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Land use ; Population ; Livestock ; Crop management ; Cropping systems ; Agricultural research ; Agricultural extension ; Agricultural credit ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Irrigation ; Seeds ; Field crops ; Marketing ; Postharvest technology ; Development aid / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G726 CHI Record No: H043962)
(0.11 MB)
3 Cabangon, R.; Lampayan, R.; Bouman, B.; Tuong, T. P. 2012. Water saving technologies for rice production in the Asian region. Taipei, Taiwan: Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC). 9p. (FFTC Extension Bulletin 648)
Water conservation ; Water scarcity ; Water use ; Rice ; Tillage ; Seeds ; Transplanting ; Soils ; Farmers ; Irrigation systems / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8148 Record No: H046411)
4 Speranza, C. I. 2010. Resilient adaptation to climate change in African agriculture. Bonn, Germany: German Development Institute (DIE). 311p. (German Development Institute Studies 54)
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Agricultural development ; Farming systems ; Early warning systems ; Sociology ; Ecology ; Sustainability ; Poverty ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Irrigation management ; Soil management ; Crop management ; Seeds ; Agricultural research ; Diversification ; Livestock management ; Rural finance ; Food production ; Food security ; Pest management ; Disease management ; Ecosystem services ; Rain water management / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 577.22 G100 SPE Record No: H047090)
(6.13 MB) (6.13 MB)
5 Rao, N. (Ed.) 2015. M. S. Swaminathan in conversation with Nitya Rao: from reflections on my life to the ethics and politics of science. New Delhi, India: Academic Foundation. 227p.
Agricultural research ; Green revolution ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Farmers ; Social aspects ; Mobilization ; Cultural factors ; Diversity ; Human rights ; Hunger ; Right to food ; Agricultural planning ; Strategies ; Seeds ; Sciences ; Technology ; Economic aspects ; Governmental interrelations ; Political aspects ; Public policy ; Ethics ; Standards ; Demography ; Resource management ; Governance ; Agrarian structure ; Education ; Motivation ; Information exchange ; Geneticists ; Biographies ; Interviews / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 576.5092 G635 RAO Record No: H047823)
(0.33 MB)
6 Mwamakamba, S. N.; Sibanda, L. M.; Pittock, J.; Stirzaker, R.; Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Munguambe, P.; Mdemu, M. V.; Kashaigili, J. J. 2017. Irrigating Africa: policy barriers and opportunities for enhanced productivity of smallholder farmers. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):824-838. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321531]
Irrigated farming ; Smallholders ; Farmers organizations ; Water policy ; Government managed irrigation systems ; Productivity ; Water use ; Water governance ; Institutions ; Market access ; Seeds ; Farm equipment ; Land tenure / Africa South of Sahara / Mozambique / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Magozi Irrigation Scheme / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Mkoba Irrigation Scheme / Silalatshani Irrigation Scheme / 25 de Setembro Irrigation Scheme / Khanimambo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048121)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2017.1321531?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTcuMTMyMTUzMT9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048121.pdf
(1.41 MB) (1.41 MB)
African governments have ambitious plans to expand irrigated agriculture, though existing smallholder schemes have largely failed to use land and water sustainably or become profitable. Six government-owned irrigation schemes in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe were assessed to identify common policy barriers and opportunities for higher productivity among smallholder farmers. Issues like insecure land tenure systems, unclear institutional arrangements and poor access to markets have contributed to limited profitability. Reform of currently insecure land tenure, strengthening farmer organizations and reforming policies are recommended so that governments step back from scheme management and foster market linkages to enable more profitable irrigated agriculture.
7 Coslet, C.; Goodbody, S.; Guccione, C. 2017. FAO/WFP crop and food security assessment mission to Sri Lanka. Special report. Rome, Italy: FAO; World Food Programme (WFP). 44p.
Crop production ; Household food security ; Assessment ; Water availability ; Irrigation schemes ; Seasonal cropping ; Cereals ; Rice ; Maize ; Vegetables ; Seeds ; Fertilizers ; Field preparation ; Crop yield ; Livestock production ; Agricultural prices ; Markets ; Economic growth ; Living standards ; Food supply ; Food consumption ; Rain ; Flooding ; Drought / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048199)
(2.53 MB) (2.53 MB)
8 McCord, P.; Waldman, K.; Baldwin, E.; Dell’Angelo, J.; Evans, T. 2018. Assessing multi-level drivers of adaptation to climate variability and water insecurity in smallholder irrigation systems. World Development, 108:296-308. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.009]
Climate change adaptation ; Water insecurity ; Smallholders ; Irrigation systems ; Agriculture ; Flow discharge ; Water governance ; Water user associations ; Collective action ; Seeds ; Experimentation ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment / Kenya / Mount Kenya Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048849)
(1.45 MB)
Smallholder agriculturalists employ a range of strategies to adapt to climate variability. These adaptive strategies include decisions to plant different seed varieties, changes to the array of cultivated crops, and shifts in planting dates. Smallholder access to irrigation water is crucial to the adoption of such strategies, and uncertainty of water availability may prove to be a stimulating force in a smallholder’s decision to adjust their on-farm practices. Within smallholder irrigation systems, attributes at multiple levels influence water availability and collective action, and in the process play a role in adaptation: community-level governance institutions may influence trust in others and the ability to overcome appropriation and provisioning dilemmas, and, at the household-level, the availability of irrigation water and socioeconomic and demographic factors may influence farmer willingness to take on the risk of altering their on-farm practices. In this study we investigate smallholder adaptation in Kenya from multiple levels. Specifically, we identify the role of household- and community-level characteristics in shaping smallholder experimentation with different seed varieties. Standard ordinary least squares and logistic regressions are constructed to assess the influence of these interactions on smallholder adaptation. We further discuss the ability of smallholders to respond to poor water provisioning. Among the study’s findings is evidence that smallholders are more willing to employ adaptive measures if they have a limited capacity to irrigate.
9 Sikora, R. A.; Terry, E. R.; Vlek, P. L. G.; Chitja, J. (Eds.) 2020. Transforming agriculture in southern Africa: constraints, technologies, policies and processes. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. 323p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series) [doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429401701]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Agricultural mechanization ; Transformation ; Constraints ; Digital technology ; Policies ; Strategies ; Intensification ; Diversification ; Crop improvement ; Postharvest control ; Integrated Pest Management ; Renewable energy ; Soil management ; Climate change ; Food production ; Food safety ; Food security ; Land use ; Soil fertility ; Genetic techniques ; Seeds ; Land reform ; Land tenure ; Farming systems ; Cropping systems ; Small scale systems ; Smallholders ; Ecosystem services ; Nutrition ; Livestock production ; Animal health ; Forests ; Urban areas ; Markets ; Rural development ; Entrepreneurship ; Economic development ; Labour ; Gender ; Capacity building ; Farmers ; SADC countries / Africa South of Sahara / Southern Africa / Eswatini / Lesotho / Malawi / Mozambique / Namibia / South Africa / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049917)
(7.33 MB) (7.33 MB)
10 Koppa, Nisha; Amarnath, Giriraj. 2021. Geospatial assessment of flood-tolerant rice varieties to guide climate adaptation strategies in India. Climate, 9(10):151. (Special issue: Climate Change and Food Insecurity) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9100151]
Flooding tolerance ; Rice ; Seeds ; Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Remote sensing ; Geographical information systems ; Spatial data ; Assessment ; Disaster risk management ; Rainfed farming ; Agricultural production ; Land use ; Farmers ; Livelihoods ; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050735)
(3.18 MB) (3.18 MB)
Rice is the most important food crop. With the largest rain-fed lowland area in the world, flooding is considered as the most important abiotic stress to rice production in India. With climate change, it is expected that the frequency and severity of the floods will increase over the years. These changes will have a severe impact on the rain-fed agriculture production and livelihoods of millions of farmers in the flood affected region. There are numerous flood risk adaptation and mitigation options available for rain-fed agriculture in India. Procuring, maintaining and distributing the newly developed submergence-tolerant rice variety called Swarna-Sub1 could play an important role in minimizing the effect of flood on rice production. This paper assesses the quantity and cost of a flood-tolerant rice seed variety- Swarna-Sub1, that would be required during the main cropping season of rice i.e., kharif at a district level for 17 major Indian states. The need for SS1 seeds for rice production was assessed by developing a geospatial framework using remote sensing to map the suitability of SS1, to help stakeholders prepare better in managing the flood risks. Results indicate that districts of Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh will require the highest amount of SS1 seeds for flood adaptation strategies. The total estimated seed requirement for these 17 states would cost around 370 crores INR, less than 0.01 percent of Indian central government’s budget allocation for agriculture sector.
11 Balana, B. B.; Mekonnen, D.; Haile, B.; Hagos, Fitsum; Yimam, S.; Ringler, C. 2022. Demand and supply constraints of credit in smallholder farming: evidence from Ethiopia and Tanzania. World Development, 159:106033. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106033]
Small-scale farming ; Agricultural credit ; Constraints ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Small-scale irrigation ; Technology ; Farm inputs ; Fertilizers ; Seeds ; Social capital ; Loans ; Access to information ; Gender ; Women ; Households ; Policies ; Econometric models / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / United Republic of Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051370)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22002236/pdfft?md5=ddde6b5c9938f033ed7af7bb061e70f7&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22002236-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051370.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051370.pdf
(0.43 MB) (435 KB)
Credit constraint is often considered as one of the key barriers to the adoption of modern agricultural technologies and low agricultural productivity in low- and middle-income countries. Past research and much of the policy discourse associate agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as limited access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing. However, demand-side factors, such as risk-aversion and financial illiteracy among borrowers could also affect credit-rationing of smallholder agricultural households. This study investigates the nature of credit constraints, factors affecting credit constraint status, and the effects of credit constraints on adoption and intensity of use of three modern agricultural technologies – small-scale irrigation, chemical fertilizer, and improved seeds. The paper also assesses whether credit constraints are gender-differentiated. Primary survey data were collected from sample farmers in Ethiopia and Tanzania, and Tobit and two-step hurdle econometric models were used to analyze these data. Results show that demand-side credit constraints are as important as supply-side factors in conditioning smallholders’ access to credit in both countries. We also find that credit is a binding constraint for the decision to adopt technologies and input use intensity in Tanzania but not statistically significant in Ethiopia. Results suggest that women are more likely to be credit constrained (from both the supply and demand sides) than men in both study countries. Based on these findings, we suggest that policies should focus on addressing both supply- and demand-side credit constraints to credit access, including through targeted interventions to reduce risk, such as crop insurance, and to strengthen the gender sensitivity of credit policies.
12 Mekonnen, D. K.; Yimam, S.; Arega, T.; Matheswaran, Karthikeyan; Schmitter, P. M. V. 2022. Relatives, neighbors, or friends: information exchanges among irrigators on new on-farm water management tools. Agricultural Systems, 203:103492. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103492]
Water management ; On-farm research ; Information exchange ; Diffusion of information ; Irrigation schemes ; Field size ; Seeds ; Technology ; Water user groups ; Farmers ; Social aspects ; Households ; Indicators / Ethiopia / Koga Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051432)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X22001287/pdfft?md5=4bd55686ca5a0ec71449baae7e1dfd6a&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X22001287-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051432.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051432.pdf
(1.72 MB) (1.72 MB)
CONTEXT: On-farm water application in Ethiopia, as in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, is dominated by furrow irrigation, which resulted in inefficient water uses and related economic and environmental problems. A recent project introduced two on-farm water management tools, called wetting front detectors and Chameleon sensors, to some farmers in Koga irrigation scheme and facilitated for other farmers in the quaternary canal, who did not receive the technology, to learn from farmers who installed the tools on their plots.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate the role of different social ties on information exchanges among farmers when some farmers have the signal on how long to irrigate a field during an irrigation event from on-farm water management tools. The study explored the relative importance of being neighbors, friends, spatial proximity of farms, and project induced pairings.
METHODS: The study used a household survey data from all members of quaternary canals in the project that were in the technology, information, and control groups, as well as detailed network modules on how farmers with plots in the quaternary canal are associated with each other. A fixed effects econometric approach is used to control for time invariant household level and quaternary canal characteristics, while teasing out how the different social ties affect the information flow.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results show that being in purposeful friendships as indicated by knowing each other’s decision on the use of agricultural inputs and its outcome, as well as being spatially proximate as indicated by having farm plots next to each other or usually passing by each other’s plots play a significant role in determining whether information-recipient farmers received information from the technology-recipient farmers as expected. Being relatives or neighbors played a minor role to facilitate information exchanges on how long to irrigate. In addition, ad-hoc pairs of farmers between technology-recipient and information-recipient created through the project within the quaternary canal did not play a significant role above and beyond the existing social ties of friendships and spatial proximity.
SIGNIFICANCE: The findings have implications for effective ways of targeting in future scale up of such technologies as it informs that the roll out of such type of technologies and the extension services around it can better help technology diffusion and learning if they use friends and spatial proximates as anchors of information. That is, at times of over-subscription to such on-farm water management tools, information about the technology and the recommended duration of one irrigation turn can diffuse faster if the limited number of tools are distributed in such a way that friends and spatial proximates have access to a tool, rather than distributing the tools based on being neighbors or relatives.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate the role of different social ties on information exchanges among farmers when some farmers have the signal on how long to irrigate a field during an irrigation event from on-farm water management tools. The study explored the relative importance of being neighbors, friends, spatial proximity of farms, and project induced pairings.
METHODS: The study used a household survey data from all members of quaternary canals in the project that were in the technology, information, and control groups, as well as detailed network modules on how farmers with plots in the quaternary canal are associated with each other. A fixed effects econometric approach is used to control for time invariant household level and quaternary canal characteristics, while teasing out how the different social ties affect the information flow.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results show that being in purposeful friendships as indicated by knowing each other’s decision on the use of agricultural inputs and its outcome, as well as being spatially proximate as indicated by having farm plots next to each other or usually passing by each other’s plots play a significant role in determining whether information-recipient farmers received information from the technology-recipient farmers as expected. Being relatives or neighbors played a minor role to facilitate information exchanges on how long to irrigate. In addition, ad-hoc pairs of farmers between technology-recipient and information-recipient created through the project within the quaternary canal did not play a significant role above and beyond the existing social ties of friendships and spatial proximity.
SIGNIFICANCE: The findings have implications for effective ways of targeting in future scale up of such technologies as it informs that the roll out of such type of technologies and the extension services around it can better help technology diffusion and learning if they use friends and spatial proximates as anchors of information. That is, at times of over-subscription to such on-farm water management tools, information about the technology and the recommended duration of one irrigation turn can diffuse faster if the limited number of tools are distributed in such a way that friends and spatial proximates have access to a tool, rather than distributing the tools based on being neighbors or relatives.
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