Your search found 24 records
1 de Silva, Sanjiv; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Kodituwakku, D. C.; Atapattu, S. 2011. Governance performance in integrated coastal management: Sri Lanka country report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 91p.
Coastal area ; Legislation ; Transparency ; Accountability ; Rules ; Participatory management ; Public participation ; Decision making ; Institutions ; Government departments ; Case studies ; Wetlands ; Lagoons ; Mangroves ; Access to information ; Legal rights / Sri Lanka / Hikkaduwa / Rekawa Lagoon / Muthurajawela Lagoon / Negambo Lagoon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044786)
(3.12 MB) (3MB)
2 de Silva, Sanjiv; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Kodituwakku, D. C.; Atapattu, S. 2011. Governance performance in integrated coastal management: Sri Lanka country report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 91p.
Coastal area ; Legislation ; Transparency ; Accountability ; Rules ; Participatory management ; Public participation ; Decision making ; Institutions ; Government departments ; Case studies ; Wetlands ; Lagoons ; Mangroves ; Access to information ; Legal rights / Sri Lanka / Hikkaduwa / Rekawa Lagoon / Muthurajawela Lagoon / Negambo Lagoon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI c2 Record No: H044787)
(3 MB)
3 Douxchamps, Sabine; Ayantunde, A.; Panyan, E. K.; Ouattara, K.; Kabore, A.; Karbo, N.; Sawadogo, B. 2015. Agricultural water management and livelihoods in the crop - livestock systems of the Volta Basin. Water Resources and Rural Development, 6:92-104. (Special issue: Managing Rainwater and Small Reservoirs in Sub-Saharan Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2014.10.001]
Agriculture ; Water management ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Water availability ; Reservoirs ; Living standards ; Indicators ; Households ; Labour ; Income ; Food consumption ; Access to information ; Strategies / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Volta Basin / Ouahigouya / Koubri / Lawra / Tolon-Kunbungu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047522)
(0.90 MB)
With mixed crop-livestock systems projected to be the principal source of food in developing countries in the coming decades, opportunities exist for smallholders to participate and benefit from emerging crop and livestock markets in the Volta Basin. Given the economic, social and environmental vulnerability due to high water scarcity and variability in the basin, improvements in agricultural water management (AWM) are needed to ensure sustainable benefits. A survey was conducted among 326 crop-livestock households in four water scarce sites of the basin in Burkina Faso and Ghana to characterize households in terms of access to water, services and information, AWM intensity and livelihoods, and to explore the linkages between these characteristics. The sources of water were more diverse for study sites in Ghana than in Burkina, allowing different types of AWM strategies. Most of the farmers perceived a strong positive impact of AWM strategies on their livelihoods. Almost 70% of the variation in livelihood assets was explained by variation in AWM intensity, affecting mainly food consumption, sources of income and housing index. With increasing access to water, services and information, AWM intensity significantly increased, as well as labour for water-related activities and food consumption. This increase in AWM was significantly related to an increase in livelihood assets (R2 = 52%). Policies should be developed to improve access to information and services as well as access to market in rural areas of the Volta Basin, to enhance positive impact of AWM strategies on livelihoods of the rural households.
4 Prasai, S. 2015. Water and climate data in the Ganges Basin: assessing access to information regimes and implications for cooperation on transboundary rivers. Water Alternatives, 8(2):20-35.
International waters ; River basins ; International cooperation ; Access to information ; Climatic data ; Hydrological data ; Water governance ; State intervention ; Legal aspects ; Institutions ; Political aspects ; Environmental effects / South Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047610)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol8/v8issue2/279-a8-2-2/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047610.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047610.pdf
(0.80 MB) (820 KB)
Public access to government-maintained water and climate data in the three major co-riparian countries of the Ganges Basin – Nepal, India and Bangladesh – has been either inadequately granted or formally restricted. This paper examines the effects of newly enacted Right to Information (RTI) laws in these three countries to assess changes in the information access regimes as they relate to hydrological data. We find that neither the RTI laws nor the internal and external demand for increased transparency in governments have affected access to information regimes on water at a fundamental level. In India, the RTI laws have not eased public access to data on its transboundary rivers including in the Ganges Basin and in Nepal and Bangladesh, while data can be legally accessed using RTI laws, the administrative procedures for such an access are not developed enough to make a tangible difference on the ground. We then discuss the implications of our findings on the continuing impasse on regional collaboration on water in South Asia and point to rapid advancements in technology as an emerging pathway to greater data democracy.
5 Mdemu, M. V.; Mziray, N.; Bjornlund, H.; Kashaigili, J. J. 2017. Barriers to and opportunities for improving productivity and profitability of the Kiwere and Magozi irrigation schemes in Tanzania. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):725-739. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1188267]
Irrigation schemes ; Productivity ; Profitability ; Barriers ; Financing ; Markets ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Food security ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farm equipment ; Infrastructure ; Advisory officers ; Access to information / Tanzania / Kiwere Irrigation Scheme / Magozi Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048143)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1188267?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTE4ODI2Nz9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048143.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048143.pdf
(1.51 MB) (1.51 MB)
Irrigation is a key strategy for food security and poverty alleviation among small farmers in Tanzania. However, the potential of irrigation to improve food security is limited by multiple barriers. This article discusses these barriers within the Kiwere and Magozi schemes. Results indicate that water supply barriers are caused by poor irrigation infrastructure and management. Lack of finance is also a critical barrier to increasing overall productivity. Finance affects farmers’ timely access to adequate supply of quality inputs and machinery and availability of transport to access inputs and profitable markets. There is evidence that these barriers have to be addressed holistically.
6 Lee, Y. J. 2017. Informing women and improving sanitation: evidence from rural India. Journal of Rural Studies, 55:203-215. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.07.012]
Sanitation ; Gender ; Role of women ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Latrines ; Access to information ; Mass media ; Rural areas ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / India / Uttar Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048317)
(0.49 MB)
A lack of access to sanitation not only has negative effects on the health outcomes of women, it adversely affects their physical security and threatens the lives of children, who are most susceptible to water-borne diseases. This paper explores the underlying conditions that improve access to basic sanitation services for women, with a particular focus on the role information has on the ownership of household latrines. Drawing from nationwide household-level panel data between 2004 and 2011 in rural India, I find that households in which women have regular access to mass media and accurate health knowledge are more likely to have latrines. I also find that women's decision-making power in the household makes a difference, but to a lesser degree. Extending this analysis with district-level data from India's sanitation campaign, the study also demonstrates that different mass media channels have distinct influences on the rural poor and non-poor. For the rural poor, where the consequences of a lack of sanitation are most acute for women, increasing latrine provision is more strongly associated with changes in radio ownership; for the non-poor television ownership has a stronger relationship. By highlighting the role of mass media in latrine ownership, and differentiating by gender, this study identifies an important mechanism that has been given less consideration in the study of women and access to basic services.
7 Ngigi, M. W.; Mueller, U.; Birner, R. 2017. Gender differences in climate change adaptation strategies and participation in group-based approaches: an intra-household analysis from rural Kenya. Ecological Economics, 138:99-108. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.019]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender analysis ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Participatory approaches ; Group approaches ; Strategies ; Rural areas ; Households ; Crop management ; Livestock ; Access to information ; Attitudes ; Econometrics ; Models / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048432)
(0.44 MB)
Existing studies on adaptation to climate change mainly focus on a comparison of male-headed and female-headed households. Aiming at a more nuanced gender analysis, this study examines how husbands and wives within the same household perceive climate risks and use group-based approaches as coping strategies. The data stem from a unique intra-household survey involving 156 couples in rural Kenya. The findings indicate that options for adapting to climate change closely interplay with husbands' and wives' roles and responsibilities, social norms, risk perceptions and access to resources. A higher percentage of wives were found to adopt crop-related strategies, whereas husbands employ livestock- and agroforestry-related strategies. Besides, there are gender-specific climate information needs, trust in information and preferred channels of information dissemination. Further, it turned out that group-based approaches benefit husbands and wives differently. Policy interventions that rely on group-based approaches should reflect the gender reality on the ground in order to amplify men's and women's specific abilities to manage risks and improve well-being outcomes in the face of accelerating climate change.
8 Arulingam, Indika; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Debevec, Liza. 2019. Youth participation in small-scale fisheries, aquaculture and value chains in Africa and the Asia-Pacific. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems. 66p. (CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems Program Report: FISH-2019-14)
Small-scale fisheries ; Youth employment ; Participation ; Aquaculture ; Value chains ; Fishers ; Gender ; Women's empowerment ; Access to information ; Education ; Land access ; Financing ; Income generation ; Policies ; Strategies ; Technology ; Living standards ; Decision making ; Social status ; Working conditions ; State intervention ; Stakeholders ; International organizations ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects ; Agricultural sector ; Ecosystems / Africa / Asia and the Pacific / Egypt / Nigeria / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Bangladesh / Cambodia / Myanmar / Solomon Islands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049615)
https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12348/3937/5872a0e98fae8e846953753d08558376.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049615.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049615.pdf
(10.00 MB) (10.0 MB)
IWMI, a managing partner of FISH, conducted an assessment of youth participation in SSF, aquaculture and value chains between November 2017 and May 2018. The assessment was conducted in Africa and the Asia-Pacific, with a particular focus on the FISH focal countries of Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia in Africa and Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar and Solomon Islands in the Asia-Pacific. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the participation of youth in fisheries and aquaculture, including opportunities and challenges for participation, (ii) understand what WorldFish and key partners (government organizations, nongovernmental organizations [NGOs] and others) are doing in the focal countries in relation to youth participation, and (iii) (based on the former two points) provide potential areas for further research that could support improved youth participation in aquaculture, SSF and value chains. In this report, definitions of SSF and aquaculture are adopted from WorldFish.
9 Moltz, H. L. N.; Wallace, C. W.; Sharifi, E.; Bencala, K. 2020. Integrating sustainable water resource management and land use decision-making. Water, 12(8):2282. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082282]
Water resources ; Water management ; Sustainability ; Land use change ; Land cover change ; Decision making ; Land management ; Planning ; Watershed management ; Innovation ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Markets ; Financing ; Regulations ; Access to information ; Case studies / USA / Potomac River / Chesapeake Bay / Maryland / West Virginia / Pennsylvania / District of Columbia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049948)
(0.97 MB) (996 KB)
Human uses of land and water are directly linked and must, therefore, be managed with each other in mind. This paper puts forward an approach for integrating sustainable water resource management into local land use decision-making in the Potomac basin. The approach includes developing a clear understanding of the current regulatory, programmatic, and financial approaches to land use management; identifying opportunities from innovation; and developing a flexible, stakeholder-based framework for moving forward. Four opportunities for innovation were identified in the Potomac basin utilizing this approach, including enhancing coordination and access to information, promoting incentives to achieve desired outcomes, encouraging and promoting innovation, and integrating programs to achieve multiple objectives. The successful integration of land and water decision-making requires a sustained, long-term commitment to improvement rather than a one-time fix mentality. Initial steps for implementation include identifying and engaging diverse partners, as well as establishing channels for information dissemination. The lessons learned from this work may prove valuable to decision-makers in other regions to holistically manage diverse land and water resources.
10 Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Gowing, J.; Walker, D.; Parkin, G. 2020. Citizen science in community-based watershed management: an institutional analysis in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 25p. (IWMI Working Paper 191) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.207]
Watershed management ; Community involvement ; Citizen science ; Water institutions ; Hydrometeorology ; Weather data ; Climatic data ; Monitoring ; Water resources ; Water management ; Natural resources management ; Water security ; Irrigation management ; Small scale systems ; Sustainability ; Governmental organizations ; River basin institutions ; Meteorological stations ; Participatory approaches ; Stakeholders ; Data analysis ; Access to information ; Information dissemination / Ethiopia / Abbay Basin / Rift Valley Lakes Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050043)
(1.22 MB)
The engagement of communities (non-scientists) in the collection of reliable hydrometeorological data (a citizen science approach) has the potential to address part of the data gaps in Ethiopia. Due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining gauging stations, hydrometeorological monitoring in the country tends to focus on large river basins (> 1,000 km2) with little or no consideration of small watersheds (< 100 km2). However, hydrologic data from small watersheds are critical for two main reasons: (i) measure the impacts of watershed management interventions on water resources; and (ii) inform local development plans, such as small- and micro-scale irrigation development. Therefore, this paper examines the institutional arrangements for hydrometeorological monitoring and the practices followed by the Basin Development Authority and National Meteorology Agency in Ethiopia. It is important to investigate the possibilities of embedding a citizen science approach into the data collection systems of these two organizations, as this will help to address data gaps, particularly at micro-watershed levels. Based on the assessments, there is potential to embed the approach into the institutional structure of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) for hydrometeorological monitoring in micro-watersheds, due to the following reasons: (i) MoA has a high demand for hydrometeorological data from small rivers to be used for small- and micro-scale irrigation development, and for measuring the impacts of watershed development interventions on water resources; and (ii) MoA has an institutional structure from federal to community level that supports the engagement of communities in development interventions. However, effectively embedding the citizen science approach into regular monitoring of MoA depends on the clear distribution of mandates; developing legal, ethical, methodological and quality frameworks; and developing clear data sharing and incentive mechanisms involving all partners.
11 Alvi, M.; Barooah, P.; Gupta, S.; Saini, S. 2021. Women's access to agriculture extension amidst COVID-19: insights from Gujarat, India and Dang, Nepal. Agricultural Systems, 188:103035. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103035]
Agricultural extension systems ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Access to information ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Resilience ; Agricultural productivity ; Social networks ; Households ; Ethnic groups ; Communities ; State intervention / South Asia / India / Nepal / Gujarat / Dang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050162)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X20308969/pdfft?md5=770c598c6cc5e8954a4b9426e0f58cc0&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X20308969-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050162.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050162.pdf
(1.20 MB) (1.20 MB)
COVID-19 induced lockdowns have had far reaching impacts on the rural sector, particularly on women farmers. These impacts have been exacerbated by lack of access to reliable and timely agriculture information. Using panel phone survey data from India and Nepal, we study how women's access to agricultural extension was impacted by the lockdowns and its effect on agricultural productivity. We find that women's already low access to formal extension was reduced further, leading to an increased reliance on informal social networks. In both countries, nearly 50% farmers reported negative impacts on productivity due to inaccessibility of information during the lockdown. In India, we find that access to formal extension is mediated by crop type, geographic location and caste identity. We discuss ways in which extension systems in India and Nepal can be made more inclusive and resilient to future crisis, including by adapting group and community-based approaches to post-pandemic best practices.
12 Khan, N. A.; Qiao, J.; Abid, M.; Gao, Q. 2021. Understanding farm-level cognition of and autonomous adaptation to climate variability and associated factors: evidence from the rice-growing zone of Pakistan. Land Use Policy, 105:105427. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105427]
Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Farmers' attitudes ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Rice ; Nonfarm income ; Access to information ; Temperature ; Rainfall patterns ; Risk ; Tube wells ; Irrigation canals ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050303)
(2.05 MB)
This study was conducted in the rice-growing zone of Punjab province, where rice production is affected by climate variabilities. The study aimed to assess farmers' perception of and adaptation to climate variability and its associated factors. Cross-sectional data of 480 rice growers was collected from the four rice-growing districts in Punjab using a multi-stage sampling approach. A multivariate probit model is used to analyze the determinants of farmers' adaptation decisions, and an ordered probit model is employed to estimate the factors affecting adaptation intensity. We find that farmers perceived significant changes in local climate, i.e., increase in summer temperature, decrease in summer rainfall, and changing pattern of rainfall and winter cropping season. Rice growers applied supplementary irrigation, changed rice cultivation dates, considered fertilizer management and crop diversification, and changed crop varieties as adaptation strategies to cope with climatic variability. The results of the multivariate probit model indicate farmers' age, farm size, availability of water resources, livestock ownership, off-farm income, and access to farm advisory services, credit, and climate information as significant determinants of adaptation strategies. The ordered probit model shows a positive and significant effect of farmers' education level and availability of irrigation water, farm labor, credit, farm advisory services, and climate information on adaptation intensity. The findings identify lack of water resources, financial constraints, and limited advisory services as key barriers to adaptation. This study suggests that the government should adopt a proactive approach to support farming communities to adapt to climate variability through improved access to water resources, advisory services, and credit services.
13 Kaur, H.; Srinivas, A.; Bazaz, A. 2021. Understanding access to agrarian knowledge systems: perspectives from rural Karnataka. Climate Services, 21:100205. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100205]
Agricultural extension ; Climate change adaptation ; Risk ; Knowledge ; Access to information ; Information dissemination ; Farmers ; Communities ; Collective action ; Villages ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Institutions / India / Karnataka / Gulbarga / Kolar / Bangalore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050347)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405880720300571/pdfft?md5=79ff98d10d962a052a77e44f14bcc9bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2405880720300571-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050347.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050347.pdf
(3.21 MB) (3.21 MB)
In this paper, we attempt to unpack the existing landscape of agricultural extension services and delve into questions of access to and localisation of knowledge to understand how these conditions (access and localisation) determine climate change adaptation in agriculture in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Our empirical findings suggest that the current extension framework reproduces existing inequalities in that access to institutional knowledge and its uptake is linked to one’s social location, that is, caste, gender, class, and geographic location, and information shared is neither timely nor contextually relevant. Employing accessibility and localization as lenses of inquiry, we argue from empirical evidence that smallholder farmers in a rain-fed context are especially vulnerable to the risks posed by climatic change and hence agricultural extension (with climate-informed knowledge) should be to be seen as a critical enabler of adaptation; ensuring accessibility and localisation, we argue, strengthens climate services, and by extension, enables adaptation to climatic risks. The issues that encumber effective extension, we contend, can be mitigated by a re-imagination of agricultural extension, one that privileges public field level functionaries as conduits between state departments and farmers over other modes, and enables structured involvement of community collectives as vehicles to address local needs and ensure access. Drawing on interventions in our study sites, we make a case for promoting knowledge systems that ensure access to climate-specific agricultural information and contextual embeddedness.
14 Clark, M. P.; Luce, C. H.; AghaKouchak, A.; Berghuijs, W.; David, C. H.; Duan, Q.; Ge, S.; van Meerveld, I.; Zheng, C.; Parlange, M. B.; Tyler, S. W. 2021. Open science: open data, open models, …and open publications? Water Resources Research, 57(4):e2020WR029480. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029480]
Open science ; Open data ; Open access ; Models ; Publications ; Journals ; Funding ; Costs ; Access to information ; Institutions ; Research
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050359)
(0.19 MB)
This commentary explores the challenges and opportunities associated with a possible transition of Water Resources Research to a publication model where all articles are freely available upon publication (“Gold” open access). It provides a review of the status of open access publishing models, a summary of community input, and a path forward for AGU leadership. The decision to convert to open access is framed by a mix of finances and values. On the one hand, the challenge is to define who pays, and how, and what we can do to improve the affordability of publishing. On the other hand, the challenge is to increase the extent to which science is open and accessible. The next steps for the community include an incisive analysis of the financial feasibility of different cost models, and weighing the financial burden for open access against the desire to further advance open science.
15 Satterthwaite, E. V.; Bax, N. J.; Miloslavich, P.; Ratnarajah, L.; Canonico, G.; Dunn, D.; Simmons, S. E.; Carini, R. J.; Evans, K.; Allain, V.; Appeltans, W.; Batten, S.; Benedetti-Cecchi, L.; Bernard, A. T. F.; Bristol, S.; Benson, A.; Buttigieg, P. L.; Gerhardinger, L. C.; Chiba, S.; Davies, T. E.; Duffy, J. E.; Giron-Nava, A.; Hsu, A. J.; Kraberg, A. C.; Kudela, R. M.; Lear, D.; Montes, E.; Muller-Karger, F. E.; O’Brien, T. D.; Obura, D.; Provoost, P.; Pruckner, S.; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Selig, E. R.; Kjesbu, O. S.; Starger, C.; Stuart-Smith, R. D.; Vierros, M.; Waller, J.; Weatherdon, L. V.; Wellman, T. P.; Zivian, A. 2021. Establishing the foundation for the global observing system for marine life. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:737416. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.737416]
Marine ecosystems ; Global observing systems ; Ocean observations ; Biodiversity ; Time series analysis ; Environmental monitoring ; Sustainability ; Climate change ; Coastal zones ; Mangroves ; Sea grasses ; Corals ; Algae ; Data management ; Metadata standard ; Datasets ; Best practices ; Access to information ; Spatial analysis ; Funding ; Capacity development ; Technology transfer ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050793)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.737416/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050793.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050793.pdf
(3.69 MB) (3.69 MB)
Maintaining healthy, productive ecosystems in the face of pervasive and accelerating human impacts including climate change requires globally coordinated and sustained observations of marine biodiversity. Global coordination is predicated on an understanding of the scope and capacity of existing monitoring programs, and the extent to which they use standardized, interoperable practices for data management. Global coordination also requires identification of gaps in spatial and ecosystem coverage, and how these gaps correspond to management priorities and information needs. We undertook such an assessment by conducting an audit and gap analysis from global databases and structured surveys of experts. Of 371 survey respondents, 203 active, long-term (>5 years) observing programs systematically sampled marine life. These programs spanned about 7% of the ocean surface area, mostly concentrated in coastal regions of the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. Seagrasses, mangroves, hard corals, and macroalgae were sampled in 6% of the entire global coastal zone. Two-thirds of all observing programs offered accessible data, but methods and conditions for access were highly variable. Our assessment indicates that the global observing system is largely uncoordinated which results in a failure to deliver critical information required for informed decision-making such as, status and trends, for the conservation and sustainability of marine ecosystems and provision of ecosystem services. Based on our study, we suggest four key steps that can increase the sustainability, connectivity and spatial coverage of biological Essential Ocean Variables in the global ocean: (1) sustaining existing observing programs and encouraging coordination among these; (2) continuing to strive for data strategies that follow FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable); (3) utilizing existing ocean observing platforms and enhancing support to expand observing along coasts of developing countries, in deep ocean basins, and near the poles; and (4) targeting capacity building efforts. Following these suggestions could help create a coordinated marine biodiversity observing system enabling ecological forecasting and better planning for a sustainable use of ocean resources.
16 Hove, J.; D’Ambruoso, L.; Kahn, K.; Witter, S.; van der Merwe, M.; Mabetha, D.; Tembo, K.; Twine, R. 2022. Lessons from community participation in primary health care and water resource governance in South Africa: a narrative review. Global Health Action, 15(1):2004730. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2021.2004730]
Water resources ; Water governance ; Health care ; Community involvement ; Water user associations ; Committees ; Water authorities ; Catchment areas ; Stakeholders ; Decision making ; Policies ; Accountability ; Access to information / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050856)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16549716.2021.2004730
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050856.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050856.pdf
(1.74 MB) (1.74 MB)
Background: In South Africa, community participation has been embraced through the development of progressive policies to address past inequities. However, limited information is available to understand community involvement in priority setting, planning and decision-making in the development and implementation of public services.
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide evidence on forms, extents, contexts and dynamics of community participation in primary health care (PHC) and water governance in South Africa and draw cross-cutting lessons. This paper focuses on health and water governance structures, such as health committees, Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Boards (IBs) and Community Management Forums (CMFs).
Methods: Articles were sourced from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Global Health and Science Citation Index between 1994 and 2020 reporting on community participation in health and water governance in South Africa. Databases were searched using key terms to identify relevant research articles and grey literature. Twenty-one articles were included and analysed thematically.
Results: There is limited evidence on how health committees are functioning in all provinces in South Africa. Existing evidence shows that health committees are not functioning effectively due to lack of clarity on roles, autonomy, power, support, and capacity. There was slow progress in establishment of water governance structures, although these are autonomous and have mechanisms for democratic control, unlike health committees. Participation in CMAs/WUAs/IBs/CMFs is also not effective due to manipulation of spaces by elites, lack of capacity of previously disadvantaged individuals, inadequate incentives, and low commitment to the process by stakeholders.
Conclusion: Power and authority in decision-making, resources and accountability are key for effective community participation of marginalized people. Practical guidance is urgently required on how mandated participatory governance structures can be sustained and linked to wider governance systems to improve service delivery.
Objective: This narrative review aims to provide evidence on forms, extents, contexts and dynamics of community participation in primary health care (PHC) and water governance in South Africa and draw cross-cutting lessons. This paper focuses on health and water governance structures, such as health committees, Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Boards (IBs) and Community Management Forums (CMFs).
Methods: Articles were sourced from Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO Global Health Library, Global Health and Science Citation Index between 1994 and 2020 reporting on community participation in health and water governance in South Africa. Databases were searched using key terms to identify relevant research articles and grey literature. Twenty-one articles were included and analysed thematically.
Results: There is limited evidence on how health committees are functioning in all provinces in South Africa. Existing evidence shows that health committees are not functioning effectively due to lack of clarity on roles, autonomy, power, support, and capacity. There was slow progress in establishment of water governance structures, although these are autonomous and have mechanisms for democratic control, unlike health committees. Participation in CMAs/WUAs/IBs/CMFs is also not effective due to manipulation of spaces by elites, lack of capacity of previously disadvantaged individuals, inadequate incentives, and low commitment to the process by stakeholders.
Conclusion: Power and authority in decision-making, resources and accountability are key for effective community participation of marginalized people. Practical guidance is urgently required on how mandated participatory governance structures can be sustained and linked to wider governance systems to improve service delivery.
17 Koo, J.; Kramer, B.; Langan, Simon; Ghosh, A.; Monsalue, A. G.; Lunt, T. 2022. Digital innovations: using data and technology for sustainable food systems. In International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2022 Global food policy report: climate change and food systems. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). pp.106-113. (Global Food Policy Report) [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896294257_12]
Digital technology ; Innovation ; Data ; Agrifood systems ; Sustainability ; Climate change ; Risk ; Weather forecasting ; Digital divide ; Access to information ; Policies ; Women
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051155)
https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/135897/filename/136102.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051155.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051155.pdf
(0.32 MB) (332 KB)
Climate change and associated extreme weather events directly impact the functioning and sustainability of food systems. The increasingly erratic onset of seasonal rainfall and prolonged heat stress during growing seasons are already causing crop losses. As of late 2021, for example, Madagascar’s three successive seasonal droughts had put 1.35 million people at risk of the world’s first climate-change-induced famine. In the United States, the number of days between billion-dollar weather-related disasters has fallen from more than 80 in the 1980s to just 18 in recent years. Without adequate preparation, these weather hazards disrupt food supply chains by interrupting production and cause problems farther along these chains by raising costs and prices of processing, storage, transport, retail, and consumption and reducing business revenues.
18 Alidu, A.-F.; Man, N.; Ramli, N. N.; Haris, N. B. M.; Alhassan, A. 2022. Smallholder farmers access to climate information and climate smart adaptation practices in the northern region of Ghana. Heliyon, 8(5):E09513. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09513]
Smallholders ; Farmers ; Climate change adaptation ; Access to information ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Strategies ; Food security ; Farm income ; Livelihoods ; Rainfall patterns ; Households ; Probit analysis ; Models / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051139)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2405-8440%2822%2900801-5
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051139.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051139.pdf
(0.74 MB) (756 KB)
In Ghana over 70% of people who are employed in the agricultural sector are smallholder farmers' living in less developed communities engaging in rudimentary agriculture. Climate change poses a serious threat to smallholder farmers which impacts on their income, food security and wellbeing. Climate information could be a vital resort for smallholder farmers' adoption of climate smart adaptation strategies in order to better manage climate risk. This study is aimed at investigating factors that influence smallholder farmers' joint decision to access climate information as well as adopt climate smart adaptation practices in the Northern Region. Data used was collected from a cross-sectional survey of 475 smallholder farmers'. The joint decision of smallholder farmers to access climate information and also adopt climate smart adaptation practices was analysed by using bivariate probit regression model. The econometric estimates reveal that age, household size, farm income, access to agricultural extension services and assets are the key drivers of smallholder farmers joint decision to access climate information and adopt climate smart adaption practices. Government, district assemblies and non governmental organisations supporting smallholder farmers’ adoption of climate smart adaptation strategies in order to overcome climate risk should also assist in the accessibility of climate information since they complement one another. Smallholder farmers literacy and knowledge level should be increased through non-formal and informal educational programmes, and extension education using the farmer-field schools method.
19 Eticha, M.; Geremew, A.; Dirirsa, G.; Bayu, K.; Girma, H.; Mengistu, D. A. 2022. Household water treatment practice and associated factors among households dependent on unimproved water sources in Ameya District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 12(5):432-442. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2022.034]
Water treatment ; Households ; Rural areas ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Health ; Socioeconomic environment ; Access to information ; Non-governmental organizations / Ethiopia / Oromia / Ameya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051206)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/12/5/432/1052095/washdev0120432.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051206.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051206.pdf
(0.40 MB) (408 KB)
Globally, about 435 million people depend on unimproved drinking water sources, and 144 million people still rely on surface water. Specifically, a significant part of the population in Ethiopia depends on unimproved water sources. Studies have examined household water treatment practices in the country, but there is limited research regarding the population that depends on unimproved water sources. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate household water treatment practices and related factors for the households that depend on unimproved water sources in the Ameya district of the Oromia Regional State in Southwest Ethiopia. A community-based, cross-sectional study was used to assess the water treatment practices and related factors for the households that use an unimproved water source in the Ameya district of the Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The study used a multistage sampling technique and included a total of 413 households. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26 statistical package. A multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors related to household water treatment practices at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable regression were considered to be significantly related to the water treatment practice. The current study showed that 125 (30.3%) of the households that used unimproved water sources practiced household water treatment at the household level. These water treatment methods include boiling (60.8%) the water or using cloth filters (23.2%) or chlorine-based products (13.6%). When considering the training and formal education of the respondents, the water treatment practices were significantly related to the respondents’ water treatment training (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.99; 95% CI 1.97–4.94) and educational status, specifically secondary education (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.02–2.93). Less than one-third of the households that depend on unimproved water sources treated their water prior to drinking. Providing training to teach individuals how to treat household water is essential to improving water treatment practices.
20 Hlatshwayo, S. I.; Ojo, T. O.; Modi, A. T.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Slotow, R.; Ngidi, M. S. C. 2022. The determinants of market participation and its effect on food security of the rural smallholder farmers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa. Agriculture, 12(7):1072. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12071072]
Markets ; Participation ; Household food security ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Rural areas ; Access to information ; Food insecurity ; Agriculture ; Gender ; Socioeconomic environment ; Probit analysis / South Africa / Limpopo / Mpumalanga
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051304)
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/7/1072/pdf?version=1658454749
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051304.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051304.pdf
(0.99 MB) (0.99 MB)
Addressing the disproportionate burden of food insecurity in South Africa requires targeted efforts to help smallholder farmers to access markets. The purpose of this study was to assess determinants of market participation and its contribution to household food security. The secondary data used in this study were collected from 1520 respondents; however, 389 smallholder farmers participated in the market. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale revealed that out of the total sample size, 85% of the households were food insecure while 15% were food secure. Gender of household head, receiving social grants and higher wealth index positively impacted market participation. Having a family member with HIV had a negative impact on market participation among smallholder farmers. The results from the extended ordered probit regression model showed that household size, having a family member with HIV and agricultural assistance had a positive and significant contribution to the household food insecurity situation of the smallholder farmers. On the other hand, the educational level of household head, ownership of livestock, age of household head, gender of household head, and having access to social grants had a negative and significant effect on the food insecurity status. Access to education and the market can improve household food security. Linking smallholder farmers, particularly women and aged farmers, to markets should form an intrinsic part of the government’s efforts to improve farming and food security and increase access to diversified food.
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