Your search found 9 records
1 Warotte, G. W.; Kussia, G. T. 2014. Flood-based/spate farming, a practical move towards ensuring food security in the Jarso community, Konso Woreda, Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Regional State. In Erkossa, Teklu; Hagos, Fitsum; Lefore, Nicole. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Flood-based Farming for Food Security and Adaption to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Potential and Challenges, Adama, Ethiopia, 30-31 October 2013. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.149-164.
Farming systems ; Flood irrigation ; Spate irrigation ; Food security ; Food production ; Rain ; Community development ; Households ; Income ; Farmers ; Villages / Ethiopia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region [SNNPR] / Konso / Jarso
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046946)
(204 KB)
The study has focused on the assessment of inputs, outputs and the outcomes of the project in terms of food production (availability) and access to food indicators at community and household (HH) levels. The question of project sustainability on outputs and outcomes is also a key issue addressed in this research. The key dependent variables explained are improvement in HH food production and access to food and the sustainability of project outputs. Endowments (availability, quality and size of farmland), rainfall, spate irrigation schemes and their management, supply of modern agricultural inputs, and asset building (livestock, income, food crop) were assessed as factors affecting the key variables. The study found that the spate irrigation beneficiaries of Jarso kebele experienced improvement of HH and community-level food security through modern spate irrigation structures and capacity building activities. Making the current food security status sustainable is identified as a challenge ahead. The chapter concludes with recommendations based on lessons learned from the case study.
2 Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Haileslassie, Amare; Biazin, B.; Schmitter, Petra; Chali, A.; Otoo, Miriam; Lefore, Nicole; Barron, Jennie; Tegegne, Desalegn; Dubale, T. 2019. Solar-powered water pumping can boost smallholder income: a business model based on action research from LIVES [Livestock and Irrigation Value Chains for Ethiopian Smallholders] and Africa RISING [Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation] sites. In Mekonnen, K.; Yasabu, S.; Gebremedhin, B.; Woldemeskel, E.; Tegegne, A.; Thorne, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of a Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 8-9 December 2016. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). pp.78-80.
Water supply ; Solar energy ; Pumping ; Irrigation water ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Farm income ; Business models ; Costs ; Projects / Ethiopia / Oromia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049338)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/102356/AR_proceedings_2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049338.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049338.pdf
(0.61 MB) (6.23 MB)
3 Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare. 2019. Institutional issues and arrangements in irrigation management (Water Users Association - WUA). [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the Ethiopia Water and Energy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17-20 June 2019. 2p.
Irrigation management ; Water user associations ; Water institutions ; Corporate culture ; Water distribution ; Irrigation schemes ; Maintenance / Ethiopia / Amhara / Oromia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049467)
(600 KB)
4 Tessema, K. B.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Amencho, N. W.; Habib, E. 2022. Effect of rainfall variability and gauge representativeness on satellite rainfall accuracy in a small upland watershed in southern Ethiopia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 67(16):2490-2504. (Special issue: Hydrological Data: Opportunities and Barriers) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1770766]
Rainfall patterns ; Rain gauges ; Satellites ; Weather data ; Evaluation ; Watersheds ; Highlands ; Precipitation ; Observation ; Estimation ; Meteorological stations ; Models / Ethiopia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) / Upper Gana Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049792)
(3.30 MB)
The actual accuracy of satellite rainfall products is often unknown due to the limitation of raingauge networks. We evaluated the effect of gauge representativeness error on evaluation of rainfall estimates from the CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) rainfall product. The reference data were collected using an experimental raingauge network within a small watershed of 1690 ha, which is comparable to the CHIRPS resolution. The study applied a total bias approach, decomposed into hit, missed and false biases, and an error-variance separation method to evaluate gauge representativeness error at the scale of CHIRPS pixel size, as well as modeled the spatial correlation field of daily rainfall with a three-parametric exponential model. The results indicate that the gauge representativeness error is still too large to ignore in evaluating satellite rainfall. However, it is significantly affected by sample size and caution should be exercised when the rainfall data has a small sample size.
5 Gebreyes, M.; Mekonnen, K.; Thorne, P.; Derseh, M.; Adie, A.; Mulema, A.; Kemal, S. A.; Tamene, L.; Amede, T.; Haileslassie, Amare; Gebrekirstos, A.; Mupangwa, W. T.; Ebrahim, M.; Alene, T.; Asfaw, A.; Dubale, W.; Yasabu, S. 2021. Overcoming constraints of scaling: critical and empirical perspectives on agricultural innovation scaling. PLoS ONE, 16(5):e0251958. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251958]
Agricultural innovation systems ; Scaling ; Strategies ; Agricultural research ; Development projects ; CGIAR ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Constraints ; Social aspects / Africa / Ethiopia / Amhara / Oromia / Tigray / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050439)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0251958&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050439.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050439.pdf
(0.76 MB) (778 KB)
Scaling is a ubiquitous concept in agricultural research in the global south as donors require their research grantees to prove that their results can be scaled to impact upon the livelihoods of a large number of beneficiaries. Recent studies on scaling have brought critical perspectives to the rather technocratic tendencies in the agricultural innovations scaling literature. Drawing on theoretical debates on spatial strategies and practical experience of agricultural innovation scaling in Ethiopia, this paper adds to the current debate on what constitutes scaling and how to overcome critical scaling constraints. The data for the paper came from a qualitative assessment using focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and document analysis on scaling work done in Ethiopia by a USAID-funded research for development project. The paper concludes with four broad lessons for the current understating of agricultural innovation scaling. First, scaling of agricultural innovations requires a balanced focus on technical requirements and associated social dynamics surrounding scaling targets, actors involved and their social relations. Second, appreciating the social dynamics of scaling emphasizes the fact that scaling is more complex than a linear rolling out of innovations towards diffusion. Third, scaling may not be strictly planned; instead, it might be an extension of the innovation generation process that relies heavily on both new and long-term relationships with key partners, trust, and continuous reflection and learning. Fourth, the overall implication of the above three conclusions is that scaling strategies need to be flexible, stepwise, and reflective. Despite the promises of flourishing scaling frameworks, scaling strategies it would appear from the Africa RISING experience that, if real impact is to be achieved, approaches will be required to be flexible enough to manage the social, processual and emergent nature of the practice of scaling.
6 Diro, S.; Tesfaye, A.; Erko, B. 2022. Determinants of adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices in the coffee-based farming system of Ethiopia. Agriculture and Food Security, 11:42. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-022-00385-2]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Technology ; Agricultural practices ; Farming systems ; Coffee ; Intercropping ; Minimum tillage ; Water management ; Water conservation ; Crop production ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Forage ; Households ; Multivariate analysis ; Econometrics ; Models / Ethiopia / Oromia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) / Gedeo / Sidama / Kafa / Sheka / Ilubabor / Jimma / West Wollega / Kellem Wollega
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051226)
https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40066-022-00385-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051226.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051226.pdf
(1.62 MB) (1.62 MB)
Objectives: This study explored the adoption status of different Climate Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices and factors that influence their adoption for sustainable soil resource utilization in the changing climate.
Methodology: We used quantitative and qualitative primary data collected from smallholder farmers and other stakeholders from major coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia: Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP). We used the multivariate probit (MVP) model to study factors that influence the adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies, namely, manure application, minimum tillage, intercropping, use of improved forage, and physical soil and water management practices.
Results: The study result shows that 35% of farmers apply manure on their farm plots. Minimum tillage is also applied to 36% of farms. Intercropping improved forages and physical soil and water management structures are adopted by 45, 19, and 47% of farmers, respectively. The finding of the study indicates the positive and significant effect of education, extension (access to extension services and participation on field days), and ownership of communication devices specifically radio on the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices.
Recommendations: Concerning bodies must pay due attention to problems affecting effective farmers-extension linkage. The positive effect of radio ownership on technology adoption also suggests the need for increased accessibility of FM radio channels to farmers to be aware of climate change and innovative agricultural technologies, practices, and information that mitigate the problem.
Methodology: We used quantitative and qualitative primary data collected from smallholder farmers and other stakeholders from major coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia: Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP). We used the multivariate probit (MVP) model to study factors that influence the adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies, namely, manure application, minimum tillage, intercropping, use of improved forage, and physical soil and water management practices.
Results: The study result shows that 35% of farmers apply manure on their farm plots. Minimum tillage is also applied to 36% of farms. Intercropping improved forages and physical soil and water management structures are adopted by 45, 19, and 47% of farmers, respectively. The finding of the study indicates the positive and significant effect of education, extension (access to extension services and participation on field days), and ownership of communication devices specifically radio on the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices.
Recommendations: Concerning bodies must pay due attention to problems affecting effective farmers-extension linkage. The positive effect of radio ownership on technology adoption also suggests the need for increased accessibility of FM radio channels to farmers to be aware of climate change and innovative agricultural technologies, practices, and information that mitigate the problem.
7 Feliciano, D.; Recha, J.; Ambaw, G.; MacSween, K.; Solomon, D.; Wollenberg, E. 2022. Assessment of agricultural emissions, climate change mitigation and adaptation practices in Ethiopia. Climate Policy, 22(4):427-444. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2028597]
Climate change mitigation ; Climate change adaptation ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Agricultural practices ; Assessment ; Land use ; Land management ; Food security ; Agroforestry ; Livestock production ; Crop yield ; Organic fertilizers ; Carbon sequestration ; Stakeholders ; Knowledge sharing ; Developing countries ; Livelihood diversification / Ethiopia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) / Kembata Tembaro / Doyogena / Tula Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051450)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14693062.2022.2028597
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051450.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051450.pdf
(2.41 MB) (2.41 MB)
The agricultural sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Ethiopia, as it is the basis of the economy and the primary source of employment. This study investigated the implementation of mitigation and adaptation practices in smallholder farms in Ethiopia, estimated GHG emissions associated with mitigation practices, and identified potential mitigation options and barriers and enabling factors for implementation. Twenty-five smallholder farmers were selected by a local development agency and interviewed in the field about their land use and land management practices and the Mitigation Options Tool (MOT) was used to estimate GHG emissions, to identify mitigation options and co-benefits, and as a platform for promoting learning and knowledge exchange across different types of stakeholders. All farmers interviewed in the field acknowledged changes in the climate, but only some were implementing adaptation practices to cope with such changes, namely, crop rotations, planting new crop types, and the early sowing of crops. Fewer mitigation practices were implemented, namely reduced tillage and application of manure in cereal crops and potatoes. These practices were mainly implemented because of their benefits for soil conservation (e.g. fertility, soil water holding capacity, yield stabilization, erosion avoidance) rather than for mitigation (carbon sequestration) purposes. Greenhouse gas emissions from the application of synthetic fertilizer to crops, and from livestock production varied widely across farmers depending on the amount of fertilizer applied and the number and type of livestock raised. Tenancy rights and extension services were identified as potential enablers of the adoption of climate change mitigation and adaptation practices by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, and competing uses for straw was a potential barrier for the incorporation of residues in the soil. Barriers and enabling factors should be assessed thoroughly through further engagement with farmers as well as data on the amount of organic matter added to the soil, as these practices have co-benefits in terms of soil conservation, which are especially relevant for climate change adaptation in semi-dry climates. The MOT could be used in the future as a facilitator for knowledge exchange between researchers and practitioners in Ethiopia, and in other developing countries where data availability is low, to support the identification of effective climate change mitigation and adaptation actions.
8 Balasubramanya, S.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Mitra, Archisman; Stifel, D. 2023. Price, credit or ambiguity? Increasing small-scale irrigation in Ethiopia. World Development, 163:106149. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106149]
Small-scale irrigation ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Pumps ; Prices ; Credit ; Boreholes ; Water drilling ; Taxes ; Loans / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Amhara / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051554)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22003394/pdfft?md5=77d5c3eab1cf338b2c855edce5cc7cc1&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22003394-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051554.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051554.pdf
(1.75 MB) (1.75 MB)
Governments in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are keen to expand irrigation to improve food security and are placing particular emphasis on adoption and use of smallholder private groundwater irrigation. Yet private irrigation is a multi-stage technology, the adoption of which is affected by fiscal support and extension services offered on different investment stages but also by uncertainties around actions that need to be undertaken in these stages. Groundwater-based irrigation in Ethiopia presents a case where policy has focused on fiscally easing the purchase of pumps while considerable ambiguity (unquantifiable uncertainty) exists around the outcomes of drilling boreholes (reaching water). In this paper, we examine farmers’ willingness to adopt smallholder private irrigation packages in response to lower pump prices following tax breaks, loan availability, and reduction in ambiguities related to borehole drilling, using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) in two districts of Ethiopia. The results indicate that the provision of loans and reduction in ambiguities related to well drilling have the greatest effect on the probability of farmers adopting irrigation packages. Lowering pump prices has the smallest effect. Pump-type has a small effect, with energized pumps preferred over manual ones. In exploring heterogeneity in preferences, we find that farmers without irrigated plots and those with greater market access have a greater preference for the provision of loans, while those with greater market access also have greater preferences for reductions in well drilling ambiguities. The results of this choice experiment suggest that reducing ambiguities around well drilling (initial investments) is an essential and cost-effective step toward expanding groundwater-based irrigation in Ethiopia.
9 Feyisa, A. D.; Maertens, M.; de Mey, Y. 2023. Relating risk preferences and risk perceptions over different agricultural risk domains: insights from Ethiopia. World Development, 162:106137. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106137]
Agriculture ; Risk management ; Developing countries ; Policies ; Households ; Livestock ; Econometrics ; Models ; Uncertainty ; Probability analysis / Ethiopia / Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) / Arba Minch Zuriya / Bonke / Chencha / Mirab Abaya / Konso / Derashe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051569)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22003278/pdfft?md5=b0df00ecee75822940aee58d3b682ac6&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22003278-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051569.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051569.pdf
(0.81 MB) (824 KB)
Households in developing countries are exposed to various shocks and risks, which leaves them vulnerable as they typically have limited resources to cope with them. Even though a large body of development literature has focused on the role of risk in rural livelihoods, the focus is often on single sources of risk and taking a unidimensional view on risk preference. This paper explores the diversity in risk perception and risk preferences of Ethiopian households by combining incentivized field experiments with detailed primary household survey data. We disentangle the relationship between risk perception and risk preferences using an innovative combination of time framing and instrumental variable estimation approaches. We find that our respondents are exposed to multiple past shocks and perceive multiple sources of future threats across different agricultural risk domains. Our respondents can be characterized as relatively risk-averse and loss-averse, and they also overweight unlikely extreme outcomes. We find a statistically significant association between the prospect theory risk preferences parameters—risk aversion, loss aversion, and probability weighting—and overall risk perception, domain-specific risk perceptions (except for the personal domain) and the impact dimension of future risk. Our findings make an important contribution to our understanding of farm households’ risk behavior, and can guide prioritizing development efforts to stimulate better informed and well-targeted risk management policy interventions.
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