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1 Suhardiman, Diana; Pavelic, Paul; Keovilignavong, Oulavanh; Giordano, M. 2020. Putting farmers’ strategies in the center of agricultural groundwater use in the Vientiane Plain, Laos. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(1):149-169. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1543116]
Groundwater irrigation ; Water use ; Water resources development ; Farmers ; Rural areas ; Households ; Income ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Wells ; Cost benefit analysis ; Cultivation ; Crop production ; Labour ; Social aspects ; Case studies / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Phousan / Ekxang / Vientiane Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049031)
Groundwater use for agriculture has the potential to improve rural households’ income and reduce poverty, but the linkages are not always straightforward. Taking Laos as a case study, this article illustrates how differential access to water, land, and capital shape farmers’ livelihood strategies in two nearby, yet contrasting villages on the Vientiane Plain. It examines the factors driving farm households’ decisions to invest in groundwater for agriculture. The findings highlight the need to better understand how farmers view groundwater in relation to their farm household characteristics if groundwater is to be successfully used as a means to improve rural livelihoods.
2 Ferrer, A. J.; Yen, B. T.; Kura, Y.; Minh, N. D.; Pavelic, Paul; Amjath-Babu, T. S.; Sebastian, L. 2018. Analyzing farm household strategies for food security and climate resilience: the case of climate-smart villages of Southeast Asia. Wageningen, Netherlands: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). 31p. (CCAFS Working Paper 248)
Food security ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Farmers ; Household income ; Strategies ; Living standards ; Indicators ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Villages ; Agricultural production ; Intensification ; Extensification ; Diversification ; Commercialization ; Land use ; Irrigation canals ; Gender ; Migration ; Assets ; Case studies / South East Asia / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Cambodia / Vietnam / Ekxang / Rohal Suong / Tra Hat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049238)
(1.15 MB) (1.15 MB)
This paper develops a conceptual framework with an indicator-based approach to assess Climate-Smart Villages (CSVs) and applies it to case study sites in Lao PDR (Ekxang CSV), Cambodia (Rohal Suong CSV), and Vietnam (Tra Hat CSV) in Southeast Asia. The intensification, extensification, diversification, commercialization, alteration of practices, use of common lands, migration strategies that can augment climate resilience, farm income, assets, and food security are assessed based on a composite index of the strategies and key outcome variables. The study demonstrates a method that can be applied widely for assessing climate-smart agriculture strategies and finding possible entry points for climate-smart interventions. The influence of gender in resource control and livelihood strategies is also discussed. It is also evident that the climate-smart interventions can augment different livelihood strategies of farmers and enhance the developmental and climate resilience outcomes. There is a need to prioritize the possible interventions in each case and implement them with the help of donor agencies, local institutions, and government offices.
3 Re, V.; Manzione, R. L.; Abiye, T. A.; Mukherji, Aditi; MacDonald, A. (Eds.) 2022. Groundwater for sustainable livelihoods and equitable growth. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. 367p. (IAH - International Contributions to Hydrogeology 30) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003024101]
Groundwater management ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Equity ; Water resources ; Water security ; Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Water use ; Conjunctive use ; Surface water ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water policies ; Legal frameworks ; Water supply ; Water harvesting ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Water springs ; Wells ; Alluvial aquifers ; Hydrogeology ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Adaptation ; Strategies ; Urban development ; Landscape conservation ; Periurban areas ; Rural areas ; Villages ; Coastal areas ; Stubble burning ; Rice ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic development ; Case studies / Africa / South America / Asia / Sahel / Niger / Ghana / Togo / Ethiopia / Zimbabwe / Chad / Malawi / United Republic of Tanzania / Libya / India / Indonesia / Myanmar / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Brazil / West Bengal / Haryana / Gunungsewu Karst Area / Vientiane Plain / Shan State / Techiman Municipality / Rio de Janeiro / Lome / Harare / Tigray / Al Jabal Al Akhdar / Kachchh / Mato Grosso do Sul / Taunggyi / Ekxang / Sume Alluvial Aquifer / Tekeze River Basin / Lake Chad Basin / Great Ruaha River Catchment / Guandu River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H051156)
(0.76 MB)
Groundwater for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Growth explores how groundwater, often invisibly, improves peoples’ lives and livelihoods. This unique collection of 19 studies captures experiences of groundwater making a difference in 16 countries in Africa, South America and Asia. Such studies are rarely documented and this book provides a rich new collection of interdisciplinary analysis. The book is published in colour and includes many original diagrams and photographs.
Spring water, wells or boreholes have provided safe drinking water and reliable water for irrigation or industry for millennia. However, the hidden nature of groundwater often means that it’s important role both historically and in the present is overlooked. This collection helps fill this knowledge gap, providing a diverse set of new studies encompassing different perspectives and geographies. Different interdisciplinary methodologies are described that can help understand linkages between groundwater, livelihoods and growth, and how these links can be threatened by over-use, contamination, and ignorance.
Written for a worldwide audience of practitioners, academics and students with backgrounds in geology, engineering or environmental sciences; Groundwater for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Growth is essential reading for those involved in groundwater and international development.
Spring water, wells or boreholes have provided safe drinking water and reliable water for irrigation or industry for millennia. However, the hidden nature of groundwater often means that it’s important role both historically and in the present is overlooked. This collection helps fill this knowledge gap, providing a diverse set of new studies encompassing different perspectives and geographies. Different interdisciplinary methodologies are described that can help understand linkages between groundwater, livelihoods and growth, and how these links can be threatened by over-use, contamination, and ignorance.
Written for a worldwide audience of practitioners, academics and students with backgrounds in geology, engineering or environmental sciences; Groundwater for Sustainable Livelihoods and Equitable Growth is essential reading for those involved in groundwater and international development.
4 Pavelic, Paul; Suhardiman, Diana; Keovilignavong, Oulavanh; Clement, Corentin; Vinckevleugel, Jordan; Bohsung, Seinab M.; Xiong, Kong; Valee, Lengya; Viossanges, Mathieu; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Sotoukee, Touleelor; Villholth, Karen G.; Shivakoti, B. R.; Vongsathiane, K. 2022. Assessment of options for small-scale groundwater irrigation in Lao PDR. In Re, V.; Manzione, R. L.; Abiye, T. A.; Mukherji, Aditi; MacDonald, A. (Eds.). Groundwater for sustainable livelihoods and equitable growth. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press - Balkema. pp.347-363. (IAH - International Contributions to Hydrogeology 30) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003024101-19]
Groundwater irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Assessment ; Wells ; Boreholes ; Water use ; Crop production ; Cash crops ; Farmers ; Livelihoods ; Households ; Investment / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vientiane Plain / Ekxang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H051160)
(2.09 MB)
Groundwater offers smallholder farmers in the lowlands of Lao PDR opportunities to diversify cropping beyond wet season paddy and thus enhance their livelihoods while reducing climate risks. This chapter focuses on evaluating existing and specifically developed groundwater irrigation options on the Vientiane Plain, and framing the findings around the livelihood priorities of different farming groups against a backdrop of agrarian change. Results show that cultivating a range of cash crops using shallow dugwells managed by individual farmers and deeper boreholes managed by the community can be profitable for farmers, while helping to increase the resilience of farming households’ livelihoods. Both options may also represent a viable investment option for farming households lacking access to surface water irrigation, and thus contribute to more equitable growth. The results identify drivers and conditions that incentivize and enable groundwater irrigation to generate positive development outcomes. It also highlights that farmers will not intrinsically engage in groundwater irrigation simply because a good resource is available, but instead, weighs up the pros and cons of a mix of biophysical, socioeconomic, technical, and institutional factors. Agricultural policies aiming to intensify small-scale groundwater irrigation should be cognizant of these nuances as they are critical to successful implementation and management.
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