Your search found 6 records
1 Zhikui, Z.; Feng, G.; Yuanhua, Q.; Ranhang, Z. 1999. Mathematical model, calculation structure and example of "long vines with melons" In ICID, 17th Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, Granada, Spain, 1999: Water for Agriculture in the Next Millennium - Transactions, Vol.1A, Q.48: Irrigation under conditions of water scarcity; Q.48.1: Management of irrigation systems and strategies to optimize the use of irrigation water; 48.2: Techniques to promote water saving in irrigation. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.109-120.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 ICI Record No: H025067)
2 Feng, G.; Xiaopeng, L.; Guogui, S. 1999. Practice and experience of increasing crop yields and water saving in Licheng demonstration irrigation area, P.R. China. In ICID, 17th Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, Granada, Spain, 1999: Water for Agriculture in the Next Millennium - Transactions, Vol.1D, Q.48, Poster Session: Irrigation under conditions of water scarcity: Q.48.2: Techniques to promote water saving in irrigation; 48.3: Conjunctive use of surface and ground water; 48.5: Environmental implications of water scarcity conditions. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.231-239.
Water conservation ; Reservoirs ; Irrigation canals ; Rehabilitation ; Vegetables ; Water measurement ; Wells ; Pumping ; Water distribution ; Optimization ; Mathematical models ; Computer software ; Economic aspects / China / Licheng / Jinan / Shandong
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 ICI Record No: H025184)
3 Feng, G.. 2000. Essential characteristics and integrated management strategies of water resources in the arid and semiarid northwest of China. In Mehrotra, R.; Soni, B.; Bhatia, K. K. S. (Eds.), Integrated water resources management for sustainable development - Volume 1. Roorkee, India: National Institute of Hydrology. pp.557-567.
Water resource management ; Arid zones ; River basins ; Precipitation ; Water scarcity ; Water transfer / China
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 MEH Record No: H028075)
4 Feng, G.. 2001. Strategies for sustainable water resources management in water scarce regions in developing countries. In Mariño, M. A.; Simonovic, S. P. (Eds.), Integrated water resources management. Wallingford, UK: IAHS. pp.107-112.
Water resource management ; Sustainability ; Developing countries ; Water conservation ; Water supply ; Water scarcity / China
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 MAR Record No: H029901)
5 Liao, Yongsong; Gao, Z.; Bao, Z.; Huang, Q.; Feng, G.; Xu, D.; Cai, J.; Han, H.; Wu, W. 2008. China’s water pricing reforms for irrigation: effectiveness and impact. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat. 74p. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Discussion Paper 6)
Water rates ; Pricing ; Price policy ; Cost recovery ; Farmers attitudes ; Water rights ; Water market ; Water supply ; User charges ; Irrigation water ; Water allocation ; Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Water conservation ; Institutions ; Organizations ; Water user associations ; Cereals ; Yields ; Models ; Labor ; Cost benefit analysis ; Irrigation requirements ; Investment ; Groundwater management ; Wells ; Irrigation canals ; Food security ; Legal aspects / China
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042366)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files_new/publications/Discussion%20Paper/CADiscussionPaper6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042366.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042366.pdf
(0.50 MB) (942.92KB)
Irrigation occupies a central position in China’s crop production. However, due to low per capita water resources, much worse, unevenly distributed over regions and time and the rapid increase of water diversions to non-irrigation sectors, irrigation water shortages have become a very serious problem. Without the adoption of effective measures this problem may even threaten China’s food security. Currently, irrigation efficiency is very low in general, irrigation water prices cannot fully recover water supply costs, and irrigation facilities are aging due to the lack of funding for O&M (operation & maintenance). Since water prices are regulated by the government, and not determined by the market, water prices did not work effectively in water allocation. The adoption of more economic incentive measures, such as increasing water prices, has become the main strategy of the Chinese government. Since 1 January 2004, China has carried out a new water pricing regulation. The main objectives of this regulation are that water price should be increased to fully recover water supply cost and that water should be treated as a market good. In non-irrigation sectors, the consensus is that water price could be charged to fully recover water supply cost. However, there is still controversy over the charge of irrigation water pricing. Indeed, increasing water price to fully recover supply cost may seriously affect grain production, and farmers’ income. Past studies in China on these issues mainly focused on the theoretical aspects of the problem, analyzing whether irrigation water price should be increased or not. Little studies have quantified the potential impact of the reforms in China. The following questions need to be elaborated: Are irrigation water pricing reforms effective?; What are the attitudes of the farmers towards the reforms?; How do farmers respond to water pricing reforms?; What comprehensive methods should be adopted to achieve the goals of the reforms? This project is based on the analysis of three case studies (Wudu, Jinghuiqu, and Shijin irrigation districts). Jinghuiqu is located in an arid region, Shijin is located in a semi-arid region and Wudu is located in the more humid Southwest. All the issues mentioned above, have been studied using econometric methods on the basis of the data gathered at the household, field canal, pump, and village level. The study reveals that the farmers’ ability to pay for irrigation water is still low and that the current water prices reflect the farmers’ willingness to pay, which implies that it is in fact very difficult to increase water prices further, let alone fully recover water supply cost. Farmers do not really participate in the irrigation management process, even at the field canal level, which limits the farmers’ willingness to pay. In areas confronted with severe water shortages, such as in the Jinghuiqu and Shijin irrigation districts, it is estimated that the volume of water use significantly affects wheat and maize yields, and the reduction of field water use will lead to the decline of grain production. In such cases, although increasing irrigation water price will encourage farmers to reduce water use, it may also force them to decrease their grain production. These measures affect the farmers’ revenues, which are largely dependent on crop production, thus increasing social inequities. Other policies need to protect weaker groups, such as poor farmers and farmers whose income mainly depends on crops. For instance, water property has still not been initialized and both irrigation bureaus and farmers lack incentives to adopt water-saving technologies. Initiating water property, expanding low-cost water-saving technologies, reforming irrigation management and fostering a water market are all important measures to achieve the policy goals of water-saving. At this point, it is necessary to emphasize that surface water price reforms may deeply affect groundwater resources use, especially in the conjunctive irrigation areas. Without the enhancement of groundwater resources management, saving surface water may lead to more overexploitation of groundwater resources, such was the case in the Jinghuiqu and Shijin irrigation districts. All in all, irrigation water price reforms represent a revolution when compared with traditional irrigation water resource management in China. Comprehensive and integrated policies should be carried out. China being such a large country, reforms cannot be uniform in all areas. Different areas, with different precipitation levels, should adopt different measures. In most parts of South China, volumetric water pricing is not appropriate, since this method requires large infrastructure investments. Collecting water fees on the basis of the farmers’ irrigated area is an alternative policy, although it requires involving farmers in the irrigation management process. Even in the northern regions, the standards of irrigation infrastructure should not be overemphasized and more attention should be paid to the cost-benefits analysis of irrigation investments.
6 Li, K.; Zhang, H.; Li, X.; Wang, C.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, R.; Feng, G.; Liu, X.; Zuo, Y.; Yuan, H.; Zhang, C.; Gai, J.; Tian, J. 2021. Field management practices drive ecosystem multifunctionality in a smallholder-dominated agricultural system. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 313:107389. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107389]
Farming systems ; Smallholders ; Ecosystem services ; Agroecosystems ; Management techniques ; Farmland ; Soil microorganisms ; Agrochemicals ; Fertilizers ; Households ; Farm income ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic aspects / China / Hebei / Quzhou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050334)
(6.12 MB)
Agroecosystems provide multiple goods and services that are important for human welfare. Despite the importance of field management practices for agroecosystem service delivery, the links of socioeconomic factors, management practices and ecosystem multifunctionality have rarely been explicitly evaluated in agroecosystems. Here we used a county-scale database with 100 farmer households and their farmlands, and analyzed the relative importance of management practices, soil abiotic environment and soil biota on multifunctionality under three distinct (‘smallholder’s viewpoint’, ‘sustainable soils’ and ‘equal weight’) scenarios. Furthermore, we also analyzed the effect of smallholders’ socioeconomic factors on management practices. Our results found that smallholders’ high inputs of fertilizers and agrochemicals were associated with their high agricultural income and less farmland area, but total land area had a positive effect on straw incorporation. Total soil biota index was positively related to multifunctionality, however, management practices (fertilizer input, agrochemical input, organic fertilizer amount and straw incorporation) had stronger effect on multifunctionality than that of soil biota or the abiotic environment. Their strength varied with distinct scenarios. Our work suggests that increasing organic materials (organic fertilizers and crop residues) and decreasing agrochemicals are beneficial for maintaining or increasing ecosystem multifunctionality in smallholder-dominated agroecosystems. Moreover, improving management practices of smallholders needs to take into account the effects of their socioeconomic factors.
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