Your search found 4 records
1 Dickin, S.; Bisung, E.; Nansi, J.; Charles, K.. 2020. Empowerment in water, sanitation and hygiene index. World Development, 137:105158. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105158]
Women's empowerment ; Gender equality ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Decision making ; Public health ; Indicators ; Households ; Policies / Burkina Faso / Banfora
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050082)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20302850/pdfft?md5=ea32674a103d1fa634063642fd2cf387&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X20302850-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050082.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050082.pdf
(0.79 MB) (804 KB)
Water, sanitation and hygiene services are often promoted as critical for women's empowerment and gender equality. Tools for monitoring water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) have focused largely on technical standards related to public health outcomes, overlooking those related to broader human wellbeing such as gender and social equality. The Empowerment in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Index (EWI) is a novel survey-based index designed to measure agency, participation and empowerment in the water and sanitation sector. The EWI can be used to assess gender outcomes of a WASH intervention and to monitor changes over time. Drawing on a multi-level conceptualization of empowerment, the EWI is comprised of a suite of indicators at individual, household, and societal levels. The EWI uses responses collected from a male and female respondent at the same household, and represents the proportion of women and men who are empowered, as well as the level of empowerment. We report the methodological approach and data from this pilot study in Burkina Faso. The findings highlight the importance of better understanding household- and community-level power and gender relations, such as decision-making related to household water or sanitation spending. By enabling measurement of women’s empowerment, practitioners and policy-makers can identify and incorporate more targeted strategies that address gender disparities and promote empowerment, and also monitor and evaluate their effectiveness.
2 Kebede, S.; Charles, K.; Godfrey, S.; MacDonald, A.; Taylor, R. G. 2021. Regional-scale interactions between groundwater and surface water under changing aridity: evidence from the River Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 15p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2021.1874613]
Groundwater flow ; Surface water ; Drylands ; River basins ; Water security ; Lakes ; Reservoirs ; Water resources ; Aquifers ; Stream flow ; Discharges ; Salinity ; Irrigation water ; Water budget ; Wetlands ; Hydrology ; Electrical conductivity ; Isotopes / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin / Lake Beseka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050234)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02626667.2021.1874613
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050234.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050234.pdf
(8.05 MB) (8.05 MB)
Relationships between surface waters and groundwaters at basin scale are rarely investigated but have important implications for water resource development and management. Here, we integrate evidence from geochemical tracers and piezometry to advance the understanding of regional-scale, groundwater–surface water interactions in the River Awash Basin of Ethiopia. Hydrological characteristics are consistent with those observed in other semi-arid and arid basins where rivers are predominantly losing and act as a source of recharge rather than as a sink for groundwater discharge. Further, regional groundwater flow originating from the highlands exits the catchment rather than discharging to the riverine drainage. Consequently, groundwater abstraction from several regional-scale aquifers in the lowlands is not expected to impact river flow. However, salinity presents a major threat to irrigation and water supply. We identify critical areas for managing inflows, water use, wetlands and water quality that have significant implications for water security across the basin.
3 Jin, L.; Whitehead, P. G.; Bussi, G.; Hirpa, F.; Taye, Meron Teferi; Abebe, Y.; Charles, K.. 2021. Natural and anthropogenic sources of salinity in the Awash River and Lake Beseka (Ethiopia): modelling impacts of climate change and lake-river interactions. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 36:100865. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100865]
Climate change ; Salinity ; Chlorides ; Anthropogenic factors ; Modelling ; River basins ; Lakes ; Discharges ; Water resources ; Water quality / Ethiopia / Awash River / Lake Beseka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050842)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221458182100094X/pdfft?md5=26e72ef0a9fbc46f3632fac8f21d611a&pid=1-s2.0-S221458182100094X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050842.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050842.pdf
(4.32 MB) (4.32 MB)
Study region: Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Study focus: Many river basins in sub-Saharan Africa have become vulnerable due to the impact from climate change, weak governance and high levels of poverty. One of the primary concerns is the elevated salinity and the degradation of water quality in the Awash River. Located in the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia, the Awash River has unique hydrochemistry due to water-rock interactions. However, in recent years, increasing anthropogenic activities including the discharge from saline Lake Beseka into the Awash River has caused some concern. This study used an Integrated Catchment Model to simulate chloride concentration in the Awash River Basin by taking both natural and anthropogenic sources of salinity into consideration. Future scenarios of climate change and Lake Beseka discharge were examined to assess the impact to the river water quality.
New hydrologic insights: Results show that Lake Beseka has made significant contribution to the rise of the salinity in the Awash River. If the trend of human interference (e.g. increased irrigation and unregulated water transfer) continues, the river downstream of Lake Beseka could see Cl increases up to 200 % in the near future (2006–2030). The modeling results are essential for generating long term plans for proper utilization of water resources especially in the region where the resources and the economic capacity to meet the water demand is lacking.
Study focus: Many river basins in sub-Saharan Africa have become vulnerable due to the impact from climate change, weak governance and high levels of poverty. One of the primary concerns is the elevated salinity and the degradation of water quality in the Awash River. Located in the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia, the Awash River has unique hydrochemistry due to water-rock interactions. However, in recent years, increasing anthropogenic activities including the discharge from saline Lake Beseka into the Awash River has caused some concern. This study used an Integrated Catchment Model to simulate chloride concentration in the Awash River Basin by taking both natural and anthropogenic sources of salinity into consideration. Future scenarios of climate change and Lake Beseka discharge were examined to assess the impact to the river water quality.
New hydrologic insights: Results show that Lake Beseka has made significant contribution to the rise of the salinity in the Awash River. If the trend of human interference (e.g. increased irrigation and unregulated water transfer) continues, the river downstream of Lake Beseka could see Cl increases up to 200 % in the near future (2006–2030). The modeling results are essential for generating long term plans for proper utilization of water resources especially in the region where the resources and the economic capacity to meet the water demand is lacking.
4 Birhanu, B.; Kebede, S.; Charles, K.; Taye, Meron; Atlaw, A.; Birhane, M. 2021. Impact of natural and anthropogenic stresses on surface and groundwater supply sources of the Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Central Ethiopia. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9:656726. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.656726]
Water supply ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Water security ; Water demand ; Water management ; Water use ; Domestic water ; Conjunctive use ; Livestock ; Anthropogenic factors ; Climate change ; River basins ; Models / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050843)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.656726/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050843.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050843.pdf
(18.30 MB) (18.3 MB)
Improving water security is critical to delivering the best outcomes for development. In Ethiopia, the upper Awash sub-basin supports expanding urban and industrial areas, with increasing water demands. Studies have preferentially focused either on surface water hydrology or on groundwater characterization. However, novel tools are required to support the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for competing users under potential climate change impacts. In this paper, we present research based on a WEAPMODFLOW link configured for four catchments in the upper Awash sub-basin (Akaki, Melka Kunture, Mojo, and Koka). The Akaki catchment supplies water for Addis Ababa city. Unlike most surface water hydrological models, both supply (surface water and groundwater) and demand (domestic, industrial, and livestock) are modeled. The tool was used to evaluate the impacts of population growth, leakage, expansion of surface and groundwater supply schemes, and climate change scenarios up to the year 2030. Considering the high population growth rate scenario for Addis Ababa city, the unmet domestic water demand may increase to 760 MCM in 2030. Water leakage through poor water supply distribution networks contributed about 23% of the unmet water demand. Though not significant compared with population and water loss stresses, climate change also affect the supply demand condition in the basin. Planning for more groundwater abstraction without considering additional surface water reservoir schemes will noticeably impact the groundwater resource, with groundwater levels projected to decline by more than 20 m. Even more groundwater level decline is observed In the Akaki catchment, where Addis Ababa city is located. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater not only boosts the supply demand situation in the basin but will lift off some of the stresses from the groundwater resources. Even under the likely increase in temperature and low precipitation climate scenarios, the conjunctive use resulted in a significant increase in domestic water demand coverage from 26% for the reference condition to 90% in 2030, with minimum effect on the groundwater resources. To improve water security conditions through sustainable utilization of both surface and groundwater resources, policy responses need to consider surface and groundwater conjunctive use. Minimizing water leakage should also be given the highest priority.
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