Your search found 4 records
1 Urfels, A.; McDonald, A. J.; Krupnik, T. J.; van Oel, P. R. 2020. Drivers of groundwater utilization in water-limited rice production systems in Nepal. Water International, 45(1):39-59. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2019.1708172]
Groundwater irrigation ; Water use ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Shallow tube wells ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation efficiency ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Resilience ; Water market ; Pumps ; Electrification ; Solar energy ; Model / Nepal / Eastern Gangetic Plains / Rupandehi / Banke / Kailali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049516)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02508060.2019.1708172?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8wMjUwODA2MC4yMDE5LjE3MDgxNzI/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049516.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049516.pdf
(2.85 MB) (2.85 MB)
Most rice farmers in Nepal’s Terai region do not fully utilize irrigation during breaks in monsoon rainfall. This leads to yield losses despite abundant groundwater resources and ongoing expansion of diesel pumps and tubewell infrastructure. We investigate this puzzle by characterizing delay factors governing tubewell irrigation across wealth and precipitation gradients. After the decision to irrigate, different factors delay irrigation by roughly one week. While more sustainable and inexpensive energy for pumping may eventually catalyze transformative change, we identify near-term interventions that may increase rice farmers’ resilience to water stress in smallholder-dominated farming communities based on prevailing types of irrigation infrastructure.
2 Rajeevan, U.; Mishra, B. K. 2020. Sustainable management of the groundwater resource of Jaffna, Sri Lanka with the participation of households: insights from a study on household water consumption and management. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10:100280. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100280]
Groundwater management ; Water resources ; Sustainability ; Water use ; Household consumption ; Water supply ; Rural areas ; Urban areas ; Coastal areas ; Drinking water ; Water conservation ; Rainwater harvesting ; Water demand ; Model / Sri Lanka / Jaffna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049951)
(1.37 MB)
Groundwater is the only source of water for drinking, domestic, and agricultural needs in Jaffna, a district in northern Sri Lanka. While the sustainability challenges to this groundwater resource in terms of water availability and quality have been highlighted and studied extensively through existing research, household water consumption and management practices have been overlooked. Hence, this study tried to investigate on household water consumption pattern and management practices along with comparing the effectiveness of different water management measures on reducing water deficit of the district. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey from 142 households belonging to a water rich rural area, a water scarce rural area, a coastal area and an urban area. The data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the results there was no statistically significant difference in average per capita consumption among the different areas studied and on average a person in Jaffna, Sri Lanka consumes 200 L per day. Also, household size and households having their own water source are the two most important predictors of total water consumed in a household. In addition, more than half of the respondent households do not engage in water conservation at their households at present due to continuous access to water through their own water source. Further analysis on the effectiveness of management interventions by using Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) modeling on reducing deficit showed that if the current consumption patterns continue, there will be an unmet demand of 51.7 million cubic meters (MCM) of water in the year 2030. On the other hand, by implementing the management interventions, such as increasing recharge, reducing per capita consumption, having additional water sources, reducing non-revenue water, and installing a water treatment plant, together all the water demand for the year 2030 can be met.
3 Munir, B. A.; Ahmad, S. R.; Hafeez, S. 2020. Integrated hazard modeling for simulating torrential stream response to flash flood events. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(1):1. (Special issue: Geo-Spatial Analysis in Hydrology) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010001]
Flash flooding ; Water management ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Model ; Watersheds ; Floodplains ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Land use ; Land cover ; Geographical information systems / Pakistan / Dera Ghazi Khan District / D.G. Khan / Vidor watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049967)
(5.29 MB) (5.29 MB)
This study aims to monitor the flash flood response of Vidor/Wadore hill torrent in Pakistan by the integration of Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model PCSWMM (hydrologic) and HEC-RAS 5.x (hydraulic) models. The method leverages remote sensing and GIS derive estimates of measured and inferred parameters of Vidor rural catchment to quantify the flash flood events of the last four years: 2014–2017. The calibration of the PCSWMM is performed using the sensitivity-based radio tuning calibration (SRTC) tool. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and relative error (RE) values were found between 0.75–0.97, 0.94–0.98, and -0.22–-0.09 respectively. The statistical indicators prove the accuracy of PCSWMM for rural catchments. The runoff response of Vidor torrent is also analyzed for 0.5/12.7, 1.5/38.1, and 2.0/50.8-inch/mm rainfall hyetographs. The generated hydrographs are used to simulate 2D-module in HEC-RAS 5.x for floodplain demarcation in the piedmont area. The accuracy of the flood extent is analyzed using spatial overlay analogy in the ArcGIS environment by comparing simulated and historically available flood extents. The simulated flood extent shows 76% accuracy with historic flood extent. The impact of flash flood events shows wheat, maize, and fruit orchards are the most effected agriculture in piedmont area. The results revealed that the integration of hydrological, hydraulic, and geospatial modeling approaches can be used to model a full picture of catchment response during flash flood events.
4 Haque, A.; Shampa; Akter, M.; Hussain, Md. M.; Rahman, Md. R.; Salehin, M.; Rahman, M. 2024. An integrated risk-based early warning system to increase community resilience against disaster. Progress in Disaster Science, 21:100310. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2023.100310]
Disaster risk reduction ; Flood forecasting ; Communities ; Resilience ; Early warning systems ; Model ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Vulnerability ; Villages ; Indicators ; River water ; Water levels / Bangladesh / Kurigram
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052633)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061723000376/pdfft?md5=40313c2dfaa230bcc2d53032aa35f8bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061723000376-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052633.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052633.pdf
(9.74 MB) (9.74 MB)
The need to integrate Early Warning System (EWS) with Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) has long been recognized in several global forums. In the year 2006, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) proposed an Integrated Risk-based EWS (IR-EWS) by integrating four elements: (1) Monitoring and warning service; (2) Risk knowledge; (3) Dissemination and communication; and (4) Response capability. Nearly after two decades of the UNISDR proposal, our study finds that there are still gaps in making IR-EWS operational. Our study also finds that works on conceptualizing integration of resilience against disaster with EWS as part of DRR (in line with SDG-13) has not yet been started. Against this backdrop, in this study we developed an IR-EWS for flood termed as Dynamic Flood Risk Model (DFRM) which contains: (1) simple risk-based warning numbers which are easily understandable and communicable to the community, with risk considered as a proxy for resilience; and (2) capital-based action plans in relation to community capital to reduce disaster risk and increase community resilience against disaster. The DFRM is applied in two flood-prone districts in Bangladesh and found to be acceptable to the community with reasonable accuracy. The model is the customized version of flood for generic IR-EWS. This study can be considered as the first attempt of the next generation IR-EWS where risk is represented by simple warning numbers and where EWS (as part of DRR) can be applied to increase the resilience.
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