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1 Ma, B.; Xue, W.; Hu, C.; Liu, H.; Qu, J.; Li, L. 2019. Characteristics of microplastic removal via coagulation and ultrafiltration during drinking water treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 359:159-167. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.155]
Microplastics ; Drinking water treatment ; Coagulation ; Ultrafiltration ; Marine environment ; Filtration ; Polyethylene ; Membranes ; Salts
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049226)
(1.44 MB)
Microplastics have garnered much attention worldwide as a new emerging pollutant, especially because of their eco-toxicological effects in marine environments. As they are gradually detected in freshwaters, understanding how microplastics, with their small particle size and low density, will behave during current drinking water treatment processes is urgently needed. In this study, Al- and Fe-based salts were used in the presence of polyethylene (PE), which is suspended/floats easily in water and is the main constituent of microplastics. Results showed that Al-based salts performed better in PE removal efficiency than Fe-based salts. The smaller the PE particle size, the higher the removal efficiency. However, a low removal efficiency was observed, even with a high Al-based salt dosage of 15 mM (below 40%). Additionally, water conditions, such as ionic strength, turbidity level, barely influenced the removal efficiency. In comparison to pH, polyacrylamide (PAM) addition played an important role in removing PE; especially anionic PAM addition, because of the positively charged Al-based flocs it generates under neutral conditions. For ultrafiltration, although PE particles can be completely rejected, slight membrane fouling was induced after coagulation with conventional Al-based salts. With increasing dosage, membrane fouling was gradually aggravated owing to the thick cake layer formed. However, the larger the PE particles, the greater the roughness of the Al-based floc cake layer, leading to less severe membrane fouling. Based on this investigation, the microplastic removal behaviors exhibited during coagulation and ultrafiltration processes have potential application in drinking water treatment.
2 Ma, B.; Xue, W.; Ding, Y.; Hu, C.; Liu, H.; Qu, J. 2019. Removal characteristics of microplastics by fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 78:267-275. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.006]
Drinking water treatment ; Microplastics ; Ultrafiltration ; Membrane filtration ; Disinfection ; Coagulation ; Experimentation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049224)
(1.06 MB)
Microplastics have caused great concern worldwide recently due to their ubiquitous presence within the marine environment. Up to now, most attention has been paid to their sources, distributions, measurement methods, and especially their eco-toxicological effects. With microplastics being increasingly detected in freshwater, it is urgently necessary to evaluate their behaviors during coagulation and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. Herein, the removal behavior of polyethylene (PE), which is easily suspended in water and is the main component of microplastics, was investigated with commonly used Fe-based salts. Results showed that although higher removal efficiency was induced for smaller PE particles, low PE removal efficiency (below 15%) was observed using the traditional coagulation process, and was little influenced by water characteristics. In comparison to solution pH, PAM addition played a more important role in increasing the removal efficiency, especially anionic PAM at high dosage (with efficiency up to 90.9%). The main reason was ascribed to the dense floc formation and high adsorption ability because of the positively charged Fe-based flocs under neutral conditions. For ultrafiltration, although PE particles could be completely rejected, slight membrane fouling was caused owing to their large particle size. The membrane flux decreased after coagulation; however, the membrane fouling was less severe than that induced by flocs alone due to the heterogeneous nature of the cake layer caused by PE, even at high dosages of Fe-based salts. Based on the behavior exhibited during coagulation and ultrafiltration, we believe these findings will have potential application in drinking water treatment.
3 Drinan, J. E.; Spellman, F. R. 2013. Water and wastewater treatment: a guide for the nonengineering professional. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. 278p.
Wastewater treatment ; Water purification ; Waste water treatment plants ; Solid wastes ; Sewage sludge ; Waste disposal ; Coagulation ; Flocculation ; Sedimentation ; Filtration ; Disinfection ; Biological treatment ; Effluents ; Chemicophysical properties ; Infrastructure ; Regulations ; Water supply ; Water use ; Water quality standards ; Surface water
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.1 G000 DRI SF Record No: H049397)
(0.97 MB)
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