Your search found 5 records
1 Lazurko, Anita; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, M. A. 2018. Financing resource recovery and reuse in developing and emerging economies: enabling environment, financing sources and cost recovery. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 39p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 11) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.220]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Water reuse ; Economic development ; Financing ; Cost recovery ; Investment ; Incentives ; Market economies ; Credit policies ; Developing countries ; Development policies ; Regulations ; Stakeholders ; Funding ; Loans ; Grants ; Agreements ; Risk management ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Value chain ; Carbon markets ; Payment for ecosystem services ; State intervention ; Cost benefit analysis ; Environmental management ; Waste management ; Water management ; Equity ; Communities ; Energy recovery
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049025)
(979 KB)
Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of domestic and agro-industrial waste has the potential to contribute to a number of financial, socioeconomic and environmental benefits. However, despite these benefits and an increasing political will, there remain significant barriers to build the required up-front capital which is discouraging private sector engagement. A systematic analysis and understanding of the enabling environment, public and private funding sources, risk-sharing mechanisms and pathways for cost recovery can help to identify opportunities to improve the viability of RRR solutions. This report looks at regulations and policies that remove disincentives for RRR, public and private funding sources for capital and operational costs, risk mitigation options through blending and structuring finance, and options for operational cost recovery.
2 Merrey, D. J.; Lefore, Nicole. 2018. Improving the availability and effectiveness of rural and “Micro” finance for small-scale irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of lessons learned. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 46p. (IWMI Working Paper 185) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.225]
Financing ; Microfinance ; Rural finance ; Financial institutions ; Small scale systems ; Agricultural credit ; Women’s participation ; Empowerment ; Rural communities ; Irrigation equipment ; Irrigation schemes ; Drip irrigation ; Pumps ; Solar energy ; Smallholders ; Farming systems ; Households ; Supply chain ; Microcredit ; Credit policies ; Investment ; Poverty ; Water resources ; Business models ; Grants ; Insurance ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Kenya / Rwanda / Senegal / Burkina Faso
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049027)
(718 KB)
This paper reviews the evidence available on the provision of financing for African smallholder farmers to purchase irrigation equipment such as pumps, pipes and drip irrigation systems. It sets the scene by first reviewing the literature on experiences with providing microcredit and other microfinance services as a poverty reduction strategy. Based on both case studies and several systematic reviews of the literature, it finds that the outcomes and impacts on poverty, gender equity and broader economic development are mixed at best. Microcredit is not a silver bullet solution to poverty, but it can often help poor households improve their lives. The paper then reviews the demand for and supply of financing for smallholders to purchase irrigation equipment. In surveys, farmers express a strong demand for equipment such as pumps, but often point to the lack of affordable and appropriately designed credit as a critical impediment to gaining access to such equipment. Even where microfinance institutions offer agricultural credit, it is usually short-term seasonal credit to purchase seeds and fertilizer. Credit on these terms is not useful to purchase equipment costing several hundred dollars. Focusing on programs specifically aimed at enabling farmers to purchase irrigation equipment, no credible detailed studies were found documenting the impacts and lessons learned. However, there are currently (as of 2018) numerous promising pilot studies and small projects offering a variety of approaches to enable smallholders to make such purchases. The paper reviews what information is available on these. A major recommendation of this paper is that a research project should be designed to carry out studies of these various experiments to identify what works under what conditions, as a basis for scaling out programs to offer financial services aimed at assisting smallholders to gain access to small-scale irrigation equipment.
3 Abeywardana, N.; Pitawala, H. M. T. G. A.; Schutt, B.; Bebermeier, W. 2019. Evolution of the dry zone water harvesting and management systems in Sri Lanka during the Anuradhapura Kingdom: a study based on ancient chronicles and lithic inscriptions. Water History, 11(1-2):75-103. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12685-019-00230-7]
Water management ; Water harvesting ; Arid zones ; Irrigation systems ; Large scale systems ; Ancestral technology ; Canals ; Tanks ; Rivers ; Sustainability ; Grants ; History ; Archaeology / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049761)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12685-019-00230-7.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049761.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049761.pdf
(3.06 MB) (3.06 MB)
A significant number of written sources report on the development of ancient dry zone water harvesting and water management systems in Sri Lanka. This paper attempts to address the lack of a systematic assessment of the information given by sources on the spatial–temporal development of the system, using methods of source criticism. After the removal of double entries, 255 text passages containing 837 different records on ancient irrigation were compiled as a database for the period from the fifth century BCE to the tenth century CE. The majority of the 625 analyzed records were derived from inscriptions, 212 records originated from chronicles. Geocoding was successfully performed for 40 records. It was possible to link 173 text passages to a specific king’s reign. Altogether 362 records (43.2%) mention a tank or its construction. The categories “grants of irrigation” and “irrigation incomes” are represented with 276 records (33%) and 75 records (9%). Records on canals and irrigation management occur with a share of 8.2% and 6.2%, equaling 69 and 52 records. The spatial distribution of records in general largely corresponds to the extent of the Dry Zone and northern intermediate zone. With 490 records, Anuradhapura district shows the highest density of information on the ancient water harvesting and management system. The analyzed data are not equally distributed throughout the investigated period and show a distinct peak in the second century CE. In conclusion, the conducted analysis documents the potential of the analyzed source genres for the derivation of information on different aspects related to the spatial, temporal and administrative development of the ancient water management system in Sri Lanka.
4 Chipfupa, U.; Wale, E. 2020. Linking earned income, psychological capital and social grant dependency: empirical evidence from rural KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and implications for policy. Journal of Economic Structures, 9:22. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00199-0]
Household income ; Earned income ; Psychological factors ; Socioeconomic environment ; Grants ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Rural communities ; Irrigation schemes ; Gender ; Women ; Development policies ; Motivation ; Models / South Africa / KwaZulu-Natal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049776)
https://journalofeconomicstructures.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40008-020-00199-0
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049776.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049776.pdf
(1.07 MB) (1.07 MB)
Understanding the motivation that smallholders have for working and earning their livelihood is critical in enhancing the effectiveness of agricultural policies. This is especially important in a country like South Africa where social grant is an important source of unearned income. The study sought to find out what affects smallholders’ motivation to work by assessing the relationship between earned income, psychological capital and social grant dependency. We use data from 458 smallholders in four irrigation communities in rural KwaZulu-Natal and employ a complementary loglog fractional response model to analyse the data. The study revealed that endowment with positive psychological capital, gender, membership to an irrigation scheme and land ownership positively affect smallholders’ propensity to earn their livelihoods from farm and non-farm income. Social grant support and dependency ratio negatively affect the same. The findings support the thesis that, if not properly managed, social transfers can have a negative impact on smallholders’ motivation to work and earn their livelihoods, resulting in a dependency syndrome. Depending on the context, spatial differences can either positively or negatively affect farmers’ motivation to work. In conclusion, limited focus on the human and social capital development and hence psychological capital affect smallholders’ propensity to work. Small-scale irrigation schemes remain a viable option for increasing employment and incomes in the sector, whilst social and cultural norms continue to reduce women’s ability to engage in economic activities. The paper recommends the need to recognise the critical importance of psychological capital (mindset), streamline and improve targeting of social grant support, promote smallholder irrigation and invest in the infrastructure that enhances participation of women in economic activities.
5 Moraes-Santos, E. C.; Dias, R. A.; Balestieri, J. A. P. 2021. Groundwater and the water-food-energy nexus: the grants for water resources use and its importance and necessity of integrated management. Land Use Policy, 109:105585. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105585]
Groundwater ; Water resources ; Food production ; Energy consumption ; Nexus ; Integrated management ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water supply ; Electricity ; Grants ; Water use ; Watersheds ; Aquifers / Brazil / Paraiba Do Sul River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050528)
(3.83 MB)
According to the Brazilian National Water Resources Policy, water is a limited public good, and its management involves the participation of public authorities, users, and communities. This paper analyzes data on groundwater concession and uses in five Brazilian municipalities, located in the northeastern region of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin. Data were analyzed to associate aquifer systems and groundwater use with electricity consumption of the water supply systems and food production, in the perspective of the water-food-energy nexus. This analysis aimed to quantify the exploited water flows and if it is adequate with the capacity of the aquifers. For data analysis and interpretation, statistical techniques were used, which allowed structuring, organizing, and associating the information. The results indicate that, among the regional aquifer systems, the Caçapava System is the most explored in terms of groundwater abstraction, with an average of 9769 m³/h, of which only 1331 m³/h is used for public supply and 8456 m³/h for private use. One finding of this research was to verify that just one of the municipalities studied makes public the use of groundwater abstraction, with consequences in public policy and alerting to the need for adequate inspection in the areas of underground well-drilling for non-contamination and better maintenance of aquifer systems. The results highlight the water-food-energy nexus in the study area, indicating that municipalities with large rice cultivation areas use or store most of the water resources for agricultural use. Promoting new sustainable actions and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals requires integrated management outside the traditional sectors and water-food-energy nexus approach.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
