Your search found 108 records
1 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A.; Bhaduri, A.; Lenzen, M.; Tischbein, B. 2016. Input-output model-based water footprint indicators to support IWRM in the irrigated drylands of Uzbekistan, Central Asia. In Borchardt, D.; Bogardi, J. J.; Ibisch, R. B. (Eds.). Integrated water resources management: concept, research and implementation. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.147-168.
Water footprint ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Water management ; Indicators ; Irrigated farming ; Agriculture ; Arid zones ; Supply chain ; Economic sectors ; Economic development ; Crop production ; Fruit ; Vegetables ; Cotton ; Rice ; Empowerment / Central Asia / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047543)
(0.52 MB)
Water scarcity due to increasing water demand triggered by population growth and irrigation expansion versus a limited and increasingly variable water supply as a consequence of climate change is presently one of the global challenges. This is exemplified in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, where irrigated agriculture is the primary source of the livelihoods of the rural population that makes more than 60 % of all inhabitants. Yet, socio-economic and ecological challenges keep growing, also due to the inefficient management of water resources. Therefore, options to increase water use efficiency were analyzed while considering the entire supply chain of products including the production, processing, consumption and trade stages and processes. These options were analyzed through an elaborated environmentally extended input-output model. The options examined throughout the entire supply chain included: (i) implementing advanced field-level water saving technologies, (ii) increasing crop diversity through expanding fruits and vegetables production and reducing the area of current dominant crops (cotton and paddy rice in downstream), (iii) fostering the further development of less-water demanding agricultural processing industries, (iv) upgrading production value chains by expanding the production of the commodities with higher values added, (v) reducing production and consumption losses, and (vi) diversifying exports by replacing the current cotton fiber exports with cotton commodities of higher values added. The findings may spur decision-makers to formulating strategic priorities at national level and coordinating water uses considering comprehensively technical, economic and ecological aspects along the entire supply chain, which is a key element of IWRM concepts. However, it is argued that increasing water use efficiency through technological and economic transformation reforms necessitates the empowerment of water users, raising their awareness for, and providing the institutional and market infrastructure, which is in-line with IWRM principles as well.
2 Shein, H. A. 2016. Agricultural marketing and management in Myanmar. In Kywe, M.; Ngwe, K.; Oo, A. N. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Ninth Agricultural Research Conference, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, 12-13 January 2016. Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: Yezin Agricultural University. pp.13-18.
Agricultural economics ; Marketing ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Seasonal cropping ; Exports ; International trade ; Supply chain ; Food quality ; Food surplus ; Food shortages ; Public-private cooperation / Myanmar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047593)
(0.36 MB)
Geographically, Myanmar enjoys a key strategic position in South-east Asia, sharing its border with five neighboring countries, namely China, India, Bangladesh, Loa POR and Thailand. The main economic sector in Myanmar is agriculture, in which rice is the most important commodity, feeding a growing population and obtaining foreign exchange through the export of rice surplus. In 2013-14, total multiple crops sown area was 21.37 million hectare. The area planted to paddy amounted to 7.28 million or 34 % of total multiple crops hectares followed by that of pulses and oilseed crops which accounted for 4.53 and 10.1 million acres, respectively. The country's population in 2014-2015 was estimated at 51.41 million with an annual growth rate of 1 percent. At this rate, total population is estimated at 62.22 million in 2019-2020. The new sub-chain is also exported to develop with future plan to produce and export special quality rice in near future.
3 Mekonnen, M. M.; Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Hoekstra, A. Y. 2015. The consumptive water footprint of electricity and heat: a global assessment. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 1(3):285-297. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00026b]
Water footprint ; Water use ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Electricity generation ; Heat ; Energy sources ; Renewable energy ; Geothermal energy ; Nuclear energy ; Fossil fuels ; Fuel consumption ; Supply chain ; Water scarcity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047596)
(2.12 MB)
Water is essential for electricity and heat production. This study assesses the consumptive water footprint (WF) of electricity and heat generation per world region in the three main stages of the production chain, i.e. fuel supply, construction and operation. We consider electricity from power plants using coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, uranium or biomass as well as electricity from wind, solar and geothermal energy and hydropower. The global consumptive WF of electricity and heat is estimated to be 378 billion m3 per year. Wind energy (0.2–12 m3 TJe -1 ), solar energy through PV (6–303 m3 TJe -1 ) and geothermal energy (7–759 m3 TJe -1 ) have the smallest WFs, while biomass (50 000–500 000 m3 TJe -1 ) and hydropower (300–850 000 m3 TJe -1 ) have the largest. The WFs of electricity from fossil fuels and nuclear energy range between the extremes. The global weighted-average WF of electricity and heat is 4241 m3 TJe -1 . Europe has the largest WF (22% of the total), followed by China (15%), Latin America (14%), the USA and Canada (12%), and India (9%). Hydropower (49%) and firewood (43%) dominate the global WF. Operations (global average 57%) and fuel supply (43%) contribute the most, while the WF of construction is negligible (0.02%). Electricity production contributes 90% to the total WF, and heat contributes 10%. In 2012, the global WF of electricity and heat was 1.8 times larger than that in 2000. The WF of electricity and heat from firewood increased four times, and the WF of hydropower grew by 23%. The sector's WF can be most effectively reduced by shifting to greater contributions of wind, PV and geothermal energy.
4 Bene, C.; Arthur, R.; Norbury, H.; Allison, E. H.; Beveridge, M.; Bush, S.; Campling, L.; Leschen, W.; Little, D.; Squires, D.; Thilsted, S. H.; Troell, M.; Williams, M. 2016. Contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to food security and poverty reduction: assessing the current evidence. World Development, 79:177-196. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007]
Food security ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Poverty ; Nutrition ; Food consumption ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Population growth ; Households ; Economic growth ; International trade ; Supply chain ; Governance ; Developing countries ; Literature reviews
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047689)
(0.67 MB)
Following a precise evaluation protocol that was applied to a pool of 202 articles published between 2003 and 2014, this paper evaluates the existing evidence of how and to what extent capture fisheries and aquaculture contribute to improving nutrition, food security, and economic growth in developing and emergent countries. In doing so we evaluate the quality and scientific rigor of that evidence, identify the key conclusions that emerge from the literature, and assess whether these conclusions are consistent across the sources. The results of the assessment show that while some specific topics are consistently and rigorously documented, thus substantiating some of the claims found in the literature, other areas of research still lack the level of disaggregated data or an appropriate methodology to reach consistency and robust conclusions. More specifically, the analysis reveals that while fish contributes undeniably to nutrition and food security, the links between fisheries/aquaculture and poverty alleviation are complex and still unclear. In particular national and household level studies on fisheries’ contributions to poverty alleviation lack good conceptual models and produce inconsistent results. For aquaculture, national and household studies tend to focus on export value chains and use diverse approaches. They suggest some degree of poverty alleviation and possibly other positive outcomes for adopters, but these outcomes also depend on the small-scale farming contexts and on whether adoption was emergent or due to development assistance interventions. Impacts of fish trade on food security and poverty alleviation are ambiguous and confounded by a focus on international trade and a lack of consistent methods. The influences of major drivers (decentralization, climate change, demographic transition) are still insufficiently documented and therefore poorly understood. Finally the evaluation reveals that evidence-based research and policy narratives are often disconnected, with some of the strongest and long-lasting policy narratives lacking any strong and rigorous evidence-based validation. Building on these different results, this paper identifies six key gaps facing policy-makers, development practitioners, and researchers.
5 Allan, T.; Matthews, Nathanial. 2016. The water, energy and food nexus and ecosystems: the political economy of food non-food supply chains. In Dodds, F.; Bartram, J. (Eds.). The water, food, energy and climate nexus: challenges and an agenda for action. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.78-89.
Food supply ; Food chains ; Ecosystems ; Water use ; Water resources ; Energy resources ; Energy management ; Energy consumption ; Political aspects ; Economic aspects ; Supply chain ; Private sector
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047828)
(0.36 MB)
6 Semasinghe, Christina; Benders, Jorien; Vairavamoorthy, Visakan; Fernando, Sudarshana; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Vulnerability and resilience of the urban food system to extreme weather: a case study of Colombo, Sri Lanka [Abstract only]. In Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). International Conference on Agri-Chains and Sustainable Development: Linking Local and Global Dynamics, Montpellier, France, 12-14 December 2016. Abstracts Book. Paris, France: Centre de cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD). pp.180-181.
Food supply ; Urban areas ; Weather hazards ; Flooding ; Resilience ; Vegetables ; Fish ; Commodity markets ; Supply chain ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047892)
http://acsd2016.cirad.fr/content/download/4317/32688/version/1/file/Book+of+abstracts.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047892.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047892.pdf
(0.05 MB) (1.84 MB)
7 van der Schans, J. W.; de Graaf, P. 2016. Food and non-food private sector engagement in the city region food system rotterdam: with a focus on the supportive role of social housing corporations. Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 53p.
Private sector ; Food supply ; Food production ; Supply chain ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Farmers ; Urban areas ; Retail marketing ; Catering industry ; Land ownership ; Policy making ; Food wastes ; Urban wastes ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Social participation / Netherland / Rotterdam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047951)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/Private%20sector%20engagement%20in%20the%20Rotterdam%20City%20Region%20Food%20System-%20final_1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047951.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047951.pdf
(2.92 MB)
8 Arrazola, I.; Alvaro, N. P.; Renckens, J.; Ballesteros, H.; Hollenstein, P. 2016. The role of private actors in the Quito metropolitan district food system: with a focus on larger processing and retail. Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 45p.
Food supply ; Food consumption ; Food production ; Food marketing ; Supply chain ; Milk production ; Dairy products ; Retail marketing ; Supermarkets ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Private sector ; Economic aspects ; Income ; State intervention ; Consumers ; Meat production ; Agroecology / Ecuador / Quito
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047952)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/Role%20of%20private%20sector%20in%20the%20Quito%20city%20region%20food%20system-final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047952.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047952.pdf
(1.65 MB)
9 Carey, J.; Hochberg, K. 2016. The role of private sector in the Bristol (UK) city region food system: regional food supply into public sector food procurement. Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) 59p.
Private sector ; Public sector ; Food supply ; Food production ; Retail marketing ; Wholesale marketing ; Catering industry ; Government procurement ; Supply chain ; Case studies ; Urban areas ; Legislation ; Local authorities ; Policy making / UK / Bristol
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047953)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/The%20role%20of%20private%20sector%20in%20the%20Bristol%20city%20region%20food%20system-final_1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047953.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047953.pdf
(3.25 MB)
10 Dubbeling, M.; Carey, J.; Hochberg, K. 2016. The role of private sector in city region food systems. Analysis report. Wageningen, Netherlands: LEI-Wageningen University and Research Centre; Rotterdam, Netherlands: Paul de Graaf Ontwerp and Onderzoek; Leusden, The Netherlands: RUAF Foundation; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 120p.
Private sector ; Urban areas ; Periurban areas ; Food production ; Food supply ; Food policy ; Sustainability ; Supply chain ; Economic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Government procurement ; Catering industry ; Local authorities ; Retail marketing ; Case studies / Netherlands / Ecuador / UK / Rotterdam / Bristol
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047954)
http://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/Private%20sector%20engagement%20in%20city%20region%20food%20systems%20Analysis%20report-final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047954.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047954.pdf
(4.95 MB)
11 Asamoah, Bernice; Nikiema, Josiane; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Odonkor, Elsie; Njenga, M. 2016. A review on production, marketing and use of fuel briquettes. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 51p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 07) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.200]
Fuel consumption ; Charcoal ; Briquettes ; Fuelwood ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Organic wastes ; Recycling ; Faecal sludge ; Sewage sludge ; Renewable energy ; Domestic consumption ; Households ; Cooking ; Energy resources ; Energy generation ; Feedstocks ; Communities ; Biomass ; Environmental impact ; Agricultural sector ; Residues ; Pollution ; Emission ; Developing countries ; Gender ; Women ; Men ; Youth ; Chemicophysical properties ; Carbon ; Raw materials ; Supply chain ; Enterprises ; Marketing ; Retail marketing ; Production costs ; Small scale systems ; Public health ; Economic aspects / East Africa / Ghana / Kenya / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047991)
(2 MB)
Where modern heating and cooking fuels for domestic, institutional, commercial and industrial use are not readily available, briquettes made from biomass residues could contribute to the sustainable supply of energy. This study reviews the briquette making process, looking at the entire value chain starting from the type and characteristics of feedstock used for briquette making to the potential market for briquettes in developing countries. It also analyzes the role that gender plays in briquette production. Depending on the raw materials used and technologies applied during production, fuel briquettes come in different qualities and dimensions, and thus require appropriate targeting of different market segments. Key drivers of success in briquette production and marketing include ensuring consistent supply of raw materials with good energy qualities, appropriate technologies, and consistency in the quality and supply of the briquettes. Creating strong partnerships with key stakeholders, such as the municipality, financiers and other actors within the briquette value chain, and enabling policy are important drivers for the success of briquette businesses.
12 Oduol, J. B. A.; Mithofer, D.; Place, F.; Nang'ole, E.; Olwande, J.; Kirimi, L.; Mathenge, M. 2017. Women's participation in high value agricultural commodity chains in Kenya: strategies for closing the gender gap. Journal of Rural Studies, 50:228-239. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.01.005]
Gender ; Women's participation ; Agricultural production ; Avocados ; Commodity markets ; Supply chain ; Domestic markets ; Exports ; Farm income ; Farmers ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Decision making ; Strategies ; Case studies / Kenya / Kandara / Marani
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047996)
(0.48 MB)
In developing economies, well-functioning markets are known to provide the poor with avenues for wealth creation. Using a value chain approach, this paper aims at examining bottlenecks to and opportunities for different categories of women to participate in markets for high value agricultural commodities, with a view to identifying feasible upgrading strategies for the different categories. The findings are based on a case study of Kenya's avocado value chain, which depicts export and domestic market orientation. The data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, in-depth interviews and household surveys. The results suggest that in the more commercialized and well developed chains like that of export, upgrading strategies vary for the different typologies of women. While women in female headed households may require limited efforts such as tailoring financial products to their needs or providing interlinked services coupled with prompt payment for their produce to allow them to produce quality fruits and access lucrative markets, women in male headed households need institutionalization of gender-sensitive policies in the governance of producer groups to enable them to upgrade as chain integrators and chain owners. In the less commercialized domestic chain, limited efforts may be required to upgrade women along the chain, but the need to change from the less marketable local variety to exotic variety is likely to alter women's position, thereby calling for the need to institutionalize gender-sensitive policies in the governance of existing organized groups and use the groups as a platform to introduce the new variety.
13 Devaux, A.; Torero, M.; Donovan, J.; Horton, D. (Eds.) 2016. Innovation for inclusive value-chain development: successes and challenges. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 529p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292130]
Agricultural trade ; Supply chain ; Markets ; Agricultural research ; Innovation ; Collective action ; Participatory approaches ; Partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Smallholders ; Farmer participation ; Contract farming ; Households ; Rural poverty ; Gender ; Quantitative analysis ; Institutional development ; Agricultural policy ; Guidelines ; Assets ; Performance evaluation ; Agricultural production ; Coffee industry ; Livestock production ; Beef cattle ; Dairy industry ; Forage ; Agricultural economics ; Econometrics ; Models ; Developing countries ; Case studies / Africa / Andean Region / Nicaragua / Ecuador / Bolivia / Peru / Colombia / Ethiopia / Syria / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048059)
http://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/130788/filename/130999.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048059.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048059.pdf
(4.44 MB) (4.44 MB)
14 Otoo, Miriam; Taron, Avinandan; Danso, George; Madurangi, Ganesha; Ekere, W.; Dungu, S. 2015. Market assessment of RRR [resource recovery and reuse] business models-Kampala city report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 121p.
Resource recovery ; Market economies ; Business management ; Fuels ; Briquettes ; Energy generation ; Electricity generation ; Legal aspects ; Sanitation ; Organic fertilizers ; Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Renewable energy ; Socioeconomic environment ; Household consumption ; Supply chain ; Farmers ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water use ; Irrigated farming / Uganda / Kampala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048076)
(1.99 MB)
15 Otoo, Miriam; Taron, Avinandan; Danso, George; Madurangi, Ganesha; Subrahmanya, M. H. B.; Ramachandran, P.; Balachandra, P.; Sudhira, H. S. 2015. Market assessment of RRR [resource recovery and reuse] business models-Bangalore city report. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 134p.
Resource recovery ; Market economies ; Business management ; Fuels ; Briquettes ; Energy generation ; Electricity generation ; Legal aspects ; Sanitation ; Organic fertilizers ; Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Renewable energy ; Socioeconomic environment ; Household consumption ; Supply chain ; Farmers ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water use ; Irrigated farming / India / Bangalore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048077)
(2.72 MB)
16 Timsina, K. P.; Bastakoti, Ram C.; Shivakoti, G. P. 2016. Achieving strategic fit in onion seed supply chain. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 6(2):127-149. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-03-2014-0012]
Supply chain ; Onions ; Seed production ; Marketing ; Retail marketing ; Production costs ; Rural economics ; Cooperative marketing ; Vegetables ; Farmers ; Postharvest control ; Economic development / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048039)
Findings: Result revealed that the market actors of supply chain are taking significant benefit of value addition due to more investment in value creation. Vertical coordination is completely absent and the existence of horizontal coordination is in fragile form. The functional strategies in the upstream as well as the market side are not properly matching with the preference of the downstream actors of supply chain. It is suggested that the supply chain activities should work with different functional strategies such as proper drying and storage of seed and production of preferred varieties to satisfy the need of end consumers.
17 Bjornlund, H.; van Rooyen, A.; Stirzaker, R. 2017. Profitability and productivity barriers and opportunities in small-scale irrigation schemes. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(5):690-704. (Special issue: The Productivity and Profitability of Small Scale Communal Irrigation Systems in South-eastern Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1263552]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Water productivity ; Profitability ; Barriers ; Institutional constraints ; Water governance ; Infrastructure ; Technological changes ; Farm equipment ; Farmer participation ; Government ; Agricultural extension ; Livestock ; Markets ; Supply chain ; Financing ; Land tenure ; Case studies / Tanzania / Mozambique / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048118)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2016.1263552?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzA3OTAwNjI3LjIwMTYuMTI2MzU1Mj9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048118.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048118.pdf
(1.21 MB) (1.21 MB)
Irrigation development in Sub-Saharan Africa has lagged significantly behind that in other developing countries. Consequently, economic development and food security are also lagging behind. Since the mid-2000s there has been a resurgence in the willingness to invest in irrigation, and Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest potential of any developing region to benefit from it. However, to gain from new investment in irrigation without repeating past failures, it is critical to develop a business model for small-scale irrigation schemes. This article explores the barriers that such a model needs to address to be successful and the opportunities this represents for irrigators’ profitability.
18 Hoekstra, A. Y. 2017. Water footprint assessment: evolvement of a new research field. Water Resources Management, 31(10):3061-3081. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1618-5]
Water footprint ; Life cycle assessment ; Virtual water ; Water market ; Supply chain ; Water accounting ; Water scarcity ; Water management ; Research ; Water productivity ; Water use ; Food production ; Energy generation ; Standards ; Guidelines ; Opportunity costs ; Water policy ; Environmental impact ; Sustainability ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048156)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11269-017-1618-5.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048156.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048156.pdf
(0.76 MB) (780 KB)
This paper reviews the evolvement of water footprint assessment (WFA) as a new research field over the past fifteen years. The research is rooted in four basic thoughts: (1) there is a global dimension to water management because water-intensive commodities are internationally traded, so we must study virtual water trade and the effects of countries externalizing their water footprint; (2) freshwater renewal rates are limited, so we must study the development of consumption, production and trade patterns in relation to these limitations; (3) supply-chain thinking, previously uncommon in water management, can help to address sustainable water use from the perspective of companies and final consumers; and (4) a comprehensive approach requires the consideration of green in addition to blue water consumption, the traditional focus in water management, and the analysis of water pollution in the same analytical framework as well. The quick emergence of the new field and wide uptake of the water footprint concept in society has generated substantial discussion about what the concept in narrow sense and the research field in broader sense can offer and what not. The paper reflects on the main issues of debate.
19 Stein, C.; Barron, Jennie. 2017. Mapping actors along value chains: integrating visual network research and participatory statistics into value chain analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 24p. (WLE Research for Development (R4D) Learning Series 5) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.216]
Value chain ; Supply chain ; Mapping ; Participatory approaches ; Statistical data ; Social aspects ; Cost analysis ; Communities ; Markets ; Production structure ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural trade ; Relationships ; Livestock ; Surveys ; Case studies / Burkina Faso
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048396)
(3 MB)
This report outlines a participatory approach for mapping actors along value chains. The methodology provides novel ideas on how to combine value chain analysis with participatory statistics and visual network research approaches, to generate valuable insights about complex value chains together with local stakeholders in a cost effective way. A framework is introduced, which provides a canvas for mapping actors onto different analytical dimensions relevant in value chain analysis. After outlining some of the conceptual foundations and the methodological approach, a sequence of steps for mapping actors and their relationships is described. The experience from a case study is used to illustrate the steps involved. The case study is on fodder value chains in the Sahelian agro-ecological zone of Burkina Faso, but the mapping approach can be adapted to a range of contexts.
20 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Horbulyk, Theodore M. 2018. Groundwater arsenic in Bangladesh: what's new for policy research? Water Policy, 20(3):461-474. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.041]
Groundwater ; Arsenic compounds ; Pollutants ; Contamination ; Research policy ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Socioeconomic environment ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Rural areas ; Pathogens ; Wells ; Household consumption ; Filtration ; Purification ; Supply chain / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048450)
This paper provides an overview of policy responses to arsenic in groundwater in rural Bangladesh to assess their role and potential effectiveness in reducing exposure. With 97% of the country consuming groundwater for drinking, there is a continuing crisis of tens of millions of people exposed to elevated levels of arsenic. An examination of the number of people protected through two major remediation efforts suggests that recent progress may not be sufficient to keep up with the increasing population or to resolve the crisis during this century. Recent developments in remedial options are examined to identify their potential role in an evolving policy and research agenda. There appears to be growing agreement about future research and policy responses that can scale remedial options and make them widely accessible. These include: (1) the need for a reliable and affordable programme of arsenic testing and retesting; (2) attention to risks from other soluble contaminants and pathogens; (3) explicit priority setting across locations, time and to address fairness; and (4) development of value chains to ensure remedial options are supported over time.
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