Your search found 26 records
1 Mishra, A.; Ghosh, S.; Mohanty, R. K.; Brahamand, P. S. 2013. Performance evaluation of a rehabilitated minor irrigation project and augmentation of its water resource through secondary storage reservoir. Agricultural Water Management, 128:32-42. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.06.006]
Irrigation management ; Irrigation projects ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water delivery ; Reservoirs ; Performance evaluation ; Indicators ; Cropping patterns / India / Odisha / Ganjam District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H046238)
(1.30 MB)
Performance of a rehabilitated and turned over flow based minor irrigation project with respect to irrigation, agriculture and institutional aspects was assessed. The irrigation system was found performing better. However, inadequacy of irrigation water availability in dry season and spatial inequity of water distribution, even after rehabilitation and irrigation management transfer were the couple of shortcomings which have been observed. In order to augment the water resource of the system, the feasibility of introducing secondary storage reservoir in each outlet command was conceptualized and field tested. Keeping in view the area required for providing secondary reservoirs, the existing water bodies in the command of the study system were surveyed. The utility and functioning of the secondary reservoir was field demonstrated. Utilization of the harvested water in the secondary reservoir for irrigating dry season crop in addition to the irrigation water from the main reservoir have resulted in increasing the yield of sunflower, tomato, brinjal and groundnut by 14.29, 14.95, 16.95 and 20%, respectively. Among the cropping patterns considered, rice–tomato cropping pattern resulted in highest net return (Rs. 29,457 per ha) followed by rice–brinjal cropping pattern (Rs. 22,430 per ha). Highest benefit–cost ratio of 2.09 was obtained for rice–sunflower cropping system. The low input-based scientific fish culture in the secondary storage reservoir has enhanced the fish yield by three fold over traditional practice.
2 Prasad, J. D.; Gangaiah, B.; Chandra, K. S. (Eds.) 2015. Agricultural risk management. Hyderabad, India: Centre for Good Governance; Hyderabad, India: B.S. Publications. 384p. [Based on presentations made at the National Seminar on Agricultural Risk Management: Challenges and Strategies in Making Small and Marginal Farm holdings Sustainable and Profitable, Hyderabad, India, 3-4 January 2014]
Sustainable agriculture ; Risk management ; Strategies ; Small scale farming ; Smallholders ; Climate change ; Farming systems ; Rainfed farming ; Farmers associations ; Agricultural development ; Crop insurance ; Diversification ; Pilot projects ; Agricultural population ; Agricultural policy ; Information and communication technologies (ICTs) ; Agricultural trade ; Financing ; Profitability ; Institutions ; Land ownership ; Living standards ; Rural areas ; Case studies / India / Andhra Pradesh / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.68 G635 PRA Record No: H047068)
(0.45 MB)
3 Kuppannan, Palanisami; Kumar, D. S.; Malik, R. P. S.; Raman, S.; Kar. G.; Mohan, K. 2015. Managing water management research: analysis of four decades of research and outreach programmes in India. Economic and Political Weekly, l(26&27): 33-43.
Water management ; Research institutes ; Technology ; Agriculture ; Economic aspects ; Investment ; Farmers ; Water conservation ; Yield increases / India / Karnataka / Kerala / Tamil Nadu / Gujarat / Madhya Pradesh / Chhattisgarh / Maharashtra / Rajasthan / Haryana / Punjab / Uttar Pradesh / Himachal Pradesh / Jammu / Kashmir / Uttarakhand / Bihar / Odisha / West Bengal / Assam / Meghalaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047096)
(0.24 MB)
4 Bahinipati, C. S. 2015. Determinants of farm-level adaptation diversity to cyclone and flood: insights from a farm household-level survey in Eastern India. Water Policy, 17(4):742-761. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.121]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmer participation ; Disaster risk management ; Cyclones ; Flooding ; Crop losses ; Farm income ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models ; Institutions ; Coastal area ; Surveys / Eastern India / Odisha / Balasore / Kendrapada / Jajpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047668)
(0.26 MB)
A large number of farmers’ livelihoods are susceptible to cyclones and floods, and farmers are taking up several adaptation mechanisms. Previous studies, therefore, have examined determinants of various adaptation options and provide policy suggestions to promote a specific one. However, options are undertaken at different points depending on the nature and intensity of extreme events. Hence, it is imperative to identify factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt an additional option, particularly during ex-ante and ex-post periods. This could assist policymakers to enhance various farm-level adaptation options. Using survey data from 285 farm households in cyclone-and flood-prone regions in eastern India, this study aims to assess the determinants of adaptation diversity. This study finds that the likelihood of undertaking adaptation diversity is high during the ex-post period, and cyclone-affected farmers are likely to adopt a higher number of adaptation measures. Further, size of household, farming experience, per capita income, agriculture as major source of income and crop loss compensation received are some of the important determinants. These findings emphasize the need for investments in scientific modeling for better prediction of extreme events and suggest restructuring the existing institutions to promote several farm-level adaptation measures.
5 Mohanty, S.; Mohanty, R. K.; Mandal, K. G.; Ghosh, S.; Rautaray, S. K.; Kumar, A. 2016. Impact of water resources development and technology introductions on livelihood of farmers in eastern India: a case study. Irrigation and Drainage, 65(5):724-733. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2014]
Water resources development ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Integrated management ; Farming systems ; Highlands ; Cultivation ; Agricultural production ; Ponds ; Technology transfer ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Impact assessment ; Diversification ; Aquaculture ; Performance evaluation ; Economic analysis ; Models ; Rural areas ; Case studies / eastern India / Odisha / Dhenkanal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047898)
(2.62 MB)
Agricultural technology introductions were carried out and their impact was studied in two clusters of villages in the Dhenkanal Sadar and Odapada blocks of Dhenkanal District in Odisha in the eastern Indian plateau region. Ten water-harvesting structures (WHSs) were constructed in two clusters of villages in the farmers’ fields on a participatory basis. Harvested water in WHSs was used for multiple purposes, viz. agriculture, fish culture, on-dyke horticulture, vegetable cultivation, poultry, dairy and mushroom cultivation; integrated farming system (IFS) models were developed. Adequate training was also given to the farmers. The net income from the integrated farming systems varied widely between Rs. 16 100 and 251 000 ha 1 . Poultry farming in the uplands and intensive cultivation around the embankments of the ponds were found to be effective in increasing the net return from the IFS models. Impact analysis of the water resources development and technology introductions at the study sites was carried out by analysing the comparative position of physical, social, financial, human and natural assets of the farmers before and after adoption of the introductions. The overall standard of living of the study farmers increased from 13.5 to 17.1 on a scale of 5 to 25, respectively.
6 Mohanty, P.; Patnaik, S. 2017. Energy-centric operationalizing of the nexus in rural area: cases from South Asia. In Salam, P. A.; Shrestha, S.; Pandey, V. P.; Anal, A. K. (Eds.). Water-energy-food nexus: principles and practices. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley. pp.117-126.
Water resources ; Water availability ; Food security ; Energy resources ; Energy demand ; Nexus ; Rural areas ; Solar energy ; Living standards ; Economic growth ; Drinking water ; Water security ; Pumps ; Electrification ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Nepal / Odisha / Rajasthan / Baunsadiha Village / Makwanpur / Thingan Village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048742)
7 Garg, N. K.; Azad, S. 2018. A framework model for water-sharing among co-basin states of a river basin. Journal of Hydrology, 560:289-300. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.037]
Water allocation ; Cooperation ; Frameworks ; Models ; River basins ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Conflict management ; Catchment areas ; Sensitivity analysis / India / Odisha / Andhra Pradesh / Vamsadhara River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048790)
(2.65 MB)
A new framework model is presented in this study for sharing of water in a river basin using certain governing variables, in an effort to enhance the objectivity for a reasonable and equitable allocation of water among co-basin states. The governing variables were normalised to reduce the governing variables of different co-basin states of a river basin on same scale. In the absence of objective methods for evaluating the weights to be assigned to co-basin states for water allocation, a framework was conceptualised and formulated to determine the normalised weighting factors of different co-basin states as a function of the governing variables. The water allocation to any co-basin state had been assumed to be proportional to its struggle for equity, which in turn was assumed to be a function of the normalised discontent, satisfaction, and weighting factors of each co-basin state. System dynamics was used effectively to represent and solve the proposed model formulation. The proposed model was successfully applied to the Vamsadhara river basin located in the South–Eastern part of India, and a sensitivity analysis of the proposed model parameters was carried out to prove its robustness in terms of the proposed model convergence and validity over the broad spectrum values of the proposed model parameters. The solution converged quickly to a final allocation of 1444 million cubic metre (MCM) in the case of the Odisha co-basin state, and to 1067 MCM for the Andhra Pradesh co-basin state. The sensitivity analysis showed that the proposed model’s allocation varied from 1584 MCM to 1336 MCM for Odisha state and from 927 to 1175 MCM for Andhra, depending upon the importance weights given to the governing variables for the calculation of the weighting factors. Thus, the proposed model was found to be very flexible to explore various policy options to arrive at a decision in a water sharing problem. It can therefore be effectively applied to any trans-boundary problem where there is conflict about water-sharing among co-basin states.
8 Ghosh, S.; Kolady, D. E.; Das, U.; Gorain, S.; Srivastava, S. K.; Mondal, B. 2019. Spatio-temporal variations in effects of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) reform in India: a panel data analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 222:48-61. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.042]
Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Reforms ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigated land ; Agricultural development ; Crop production ; Agricultural productivity ; Performance indexes ; Indicators ; Water user associations ; Tank irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Land use / India / Andhra Pradesh / Karnataka / Tamil Nadu / Madhya Pradesh / Odisha / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049402)
(1.94 MB)
After a decade of implementation of participatory irrigation management (PIM) policy in India, the impact of PIM on agricultural and irrigation scenario is studied in six states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan) implementing the PIM reform. In case of each state, district level panel data of 10 years each before and after the PIM enactment is analyzed for the variables depicting agricultural and irrigation scenario. The decadal mean values calculated before and after implementation of PIM indicate that increased share of net irrigated area to net sown area (3–12%), increased productivity of major crops (11–20%), increased food grain productivity (8–39%) with decreased share of food grain crops area to gross sown area (1–3%), increased area under high yielding varieties in three states (13–54%), increased cropping intensity in five states (3–12%) and increased fertiliser consumption (21–80%) during post PIM period. Net irrigated area has shown an increase from 6 to 38 percent that is because of relatively more increase in groundwater irrigated area (16–63%) as compared to canal irrigated area after PIM (-16 to 31%). District wise agricultural development index (ADI) and irrigation development index (IDI) are derived showing betterment in both after PIM reform. Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression models are worked out that revealed variations in impact of PIM in the states of India. The PIM has made significant impact on food grain productivity as evident from the significant coefficient value for interaction term between year and PIM dummy in case of Karnataka, Odisha and Rajasthan. In case of other three states, the impact of PIM is not significantly visible.
9 Rajora, Chesta. 2019. Climate change vulnerability assessment with a focus on agriculture sector - a district level study of Assam and Odisha. Project Dissertation submitted to the Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Master of Science in Environmental Studies and Resource Management. 51p.
Climate change adaptation ; Agricultural sector ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Indicators ; Assessment ; Monsoon climate ; Rain ; Socioeconomic environment ; Population density ; Rural areas ; Principal component analysis / India / Assam / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049473)
(1.49 MB)
Climate change is posing a serious challenge for developing countries like India. The agriculture sector is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change. In turn, it is making food security and livelihoods of smallholders, more vulnerable to climate change. This study adopted the IPCC’s integrated indicator approach for assessing the vulnerability of the agriculture sector to climate change in Assam and Odisha by means of creating a vulnerability index and by comparing the spatial profile of vulnerability across the districts of the two states. Several socio-economic and biophysical indicators were identified and categorized into 3 components of vulnerability: sensitivity, exposure and, adaptive capacity. Running PCA on these indicators generated weights. Since, Principal Component 1 explains the maximum variance in the dataset, the correlation of indicators with Principal Component 1 has been used for computing the composite climate vulnerability indices. The districts are ranked on the basis of their performance on indices based on 3 components of vulnerability and composite vulnerability. District-wise spatial vulnerability profile has been created to identify and prioritize the most vulnerable districts. The results of the study indicate that the most vulnerable districts of Assam are – Tinsukia, Karbi Anglong, and Dima Hasao; and that of Odisha are - Nabarangpur, Kandhamal, Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh, Malkangiri, Nuapada, Kalahandi, and Koraput. The predominant indicators contributing to vulnerability have been identified which suggest that vulnerability in Assam is more due to high exposure while in Odisha, it is largely attributed to low adaptive capacity and high sensitivity. There exists a large difference in the extent of vulnerability among the districts and there is a need to develop specific policy interventions to address climate change at the district level in order to reduce the vulnerability of smallholders and to increase the resilience of the agriculture sector to climate change.
10 James, A. J.; Bahadur, A. V.; Verma, Shilp; Reid, P.; Biswas, S. 2018. Climate-resilient water management: an operational framework from South Asia. Learning paper. New Delhi, India: Oxford Policy Management. Action on Climate Today. 32p.
Water management ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Groundwater management ; Water demand ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Drought ; Precipitation ; Water storage ; Communities / South Asia / India / Nepal / Pakistan / Afghanistan / Bihar / Chhattisgarh / Odisha / Assam / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049508)
https://www.opml.co.uk/files/Publications/8617-action-on-climate-today-act/climate-resilient-water-management-an-operational-framework-from-south-asia.pdf?noredirect=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049508.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049508.pdf
(1.44 MB) (1.44 MB)
11 Dutta, B. P.; Mishra, A.; Kanungo, A. P. 2020. Study of socioeconomic profile of paddy farmers adopting Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technology in Odisha, India. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, 38(3):51-56. [doi: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i330323]
Water conservation ; Wetting drying cycle ; Technology ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Rice ; Irrigation water / India / Odisha / Puri
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049643)
http://www.journalajaees.com/index.php/AJAEES/article/view/30323/56893
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049643.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049643.pdf
(0.17 MB) (176 KB)
The study was conducted in Puri District of Odisha, India along with the introduction of a new technology Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) in Rabi 2015. AWD was a very low cost water saving technology and farmers were made aware about it in the selected study area in nine villages, three in each three blocks of Puri district. The selected 144 farmers, 16 from each village who had adopted AWD were interviewed through a pretested interview schedule. 15 variables were taken to assess the socioeconomic profile of the farmers. The variables were quantified in terms of frequency and percentage. Respondents were categorized with respect to variables like social participation, cosmopoliteness, mass media exposure, extension participation, extension contact, progressiveness and scientific orientation on the basis of mean score and Standard Deviation The study revealed that majority (57.63%) of respondents belonged to middle aged category, maximum of 44 respondents (30.5%) having primary level education, majority (68%) of the respondents were marginal farmers, majority (78%) of respondents had high level of social participation, there was homogeneity among extension participation, average annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure, social participation and heterogeneity among all other variables.
12 Singh, R. P.; Paramanik, S.; Bhattacharya, B. K.; Behera, M. D. 2020. Modelling of evapotranspiration using land surface energy balance and thermal infrared remote sensing. Tropical Ecology, 61(1):42-50. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42965-020-00076-8]
Evapotranspiration ; Models ; Land cover ; Energy balance ; Remote sensing ; Satellite imagery ; Landsat ; Infrared imagery ; Water vapour ; Normalized difference vegetation index ; Air temperature / India / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049897)
(1.90 MB)
Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is a key factor in crop water scheduling. The objective of this study was to estimate ET from the high-resolution satellite remote sensing data with integration of in situ observation. The surface energy balance model, Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) was utilised in this study for its simplicity, advantages, and effectiveness. It is a one-source model, which calculates the net radiation, soil heat flux, and sensible heat flux at every pixel level, and estimates the latent heat flux as the residual term in that energy budget equation. Intermediate steps like calculation of NDVI, surface temperature, and albedo served as important input parameters for ET estimate. Landat-8 satellite images were used to compute the ET in paddy field near CRRI, Cuttack, Odisha state in eastern India. Results indicated that the METRIC algorithm provided reasonably good ET over the study area with marginal overestimation in comparison to field observation by eddy covariance data. The satellite-based ET estimates represented in spatial scale has potential in improving irrigation scheduling and precise water resource management at local scales.
13 Rao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 199p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.209]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Business models ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Desludging ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Solid wastes ; Septic tanks ; Toilets ; Waste disposal ; Transport ; Treatment plants ; Urban areas ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Financial viability ; Funding ; Marketing ; Pricing ; Investment ; Operating costs ; Cost recovery ; Benefits ; Profitability ; Risk ; Technology ; Government procurement ; Taxes ; Energy recovery ; Nutrients ; Biogas ; Composting ; Households ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu / Gujarat / Telangana / Bihar / Kerala / Maharashtra / Rajasthan / Delhi / Uttar Pradesh / Odisha / Jammu and Kashmir / Karnataka / West Bengal / Panaji / Goa / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050010)
(9.13 MB)
Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
14 Santos, C. A. G.; Neto, R. M. B.; do Nascimento, T. V. M.; da Silva, R. M.; Mishra, M.; Frade, T. G. 2021. Geospatial drought severity analysis based on PERSIANN-CDR- [Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks - Climate Data Record] estimated rainfall data for Odisha State in India (1983–2018). Science of the Total Environment, 750:141258. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141258]
Drought ; Extreme weather events ; Climatic data ; Rainfall patterns ; Precipitation ; Climate change ; Vulnerability ; Temperature ; Satellite observation ; Neural networks ; Spatial distribution ; Coastal area / India / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050146)
(4.66 MB)
Studying the behavior of drought and its short-, medium- and long-term features throughout a region is very important for the creation of adequate public policies and actions aimed at the economic and social development of the region. Furthermore, the frequency and intensity of weather-related natural hazards (rainfall, heatwaves and droughts) are increasing every year, and these extreme weather-related events are potent threats worldwide, particularly in developing countries, such as India. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the drought behavior in the Odisha region of India (1983–2018) by using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the new drought severity classification (DS). PERSIANN-CDR-estimated rainfall data were used to provide 271 time series, which were equally spaced at intervals of 0.25°, over Odisha state. The accuracy of these time series was evaluated with rain gauge-measured data at multiple time scales, and it was observed that the PERSIANN-CDR-estimated rainfall data effectively captured the pattern of rainfall over Odisha state. It was noted that almost half of the mean annual rainfall was concentrated in July and August. On addition, northeastern Odisha and areas near the coast were the rainiest regions. Furthermore, the drought pattern was evaluated based on nine distinct four-year periods (SPI-48), and the results indicated that there was high spatiotemporal variability in drought occurrence among those periods; e.g., in the last four years, extreme drought events occurred throughout the state. For the DS severity index analysis, it was noted that the values tended to be more significant with the increase in the drought time scale. For short-term droughts, DS values were less significant throughout the region, whereas for the medium-term droughts, there was an increase in the DS values in all regions of Odisha, especially in the north-central region. For long-term droughts, the values were more significant throughout the region, especially in the areas with the highest rainfall levels. Finally, the PERSIANN-CDR data should also be analyzed in other regions of India, and the obtained results are useful for the identification of droughts throughout the region and for the management of water resources and can be replicated in any part of the world.
15 Jena, S.; Panda, R. K.; Ramadas, M.; Mohanty, B. P.; Samantaray, A. K.; Pattanaik, S. K. 2021. Characterization of groundwater variability using hydrological, geological, and climatic factors in data-scarce tropical savanna region of India. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 37:100887. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100887]
Groundwater ; Hydrogeology ; Climatic factors ; Land use ; Land cover ; Savannas ; Aquifers ; River basins ; Rain ; Geomorphology ; Topography / India / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050697)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581821001166/pdfft?md5=5803ba8adba3ab6a18c6c2bf86c59a78&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581821001166-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050697.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050697.pdf
(12.60 MB) (12.6 MB)
Study Region: State of Odisha, a data-scarce tropical savanna region in eastern India.
Study Focus: This study evaluated the temporal variability in depth to groundwater (DTW) in the study region with heavily stressed aquifers during 1995–2015 using the modified Mann Kendall test. Subsequently, Shannon’s entropy assessed spatial variability in DTW and determined the dominant Hydrological, Geological, and Climatological (HGC) factor regulating the observed spatio-temporal variability taking land use/ land cover (LULC), geomorphology, lithology, topography, and rainfall as HGC factors.
New Hydrological Insights: The overall and seasonal trend analysis revealed that the study region possessed both rising and declining trends with a slightly higher percentage of wells with a rising trend. The spatial distribution of trends and the associated magnitude accentuated the unforeseen groundwater temporal variability and higher-order susceptibility of DTW to rising and declining trends. The marginal entropy revealed the higher-order spatial variability associated with deeper DTW and vice versa. Evaluation of the HGC factors revealed that LULC could explain the maximum variability in the DTW as a dominant HGC factor. It was found that the impact of LULC features on DTW variability is not straightforward, necessitating impact assessment studies in the location with significant to highly significant trends. This formulated approach can immensely contribute to the planning and management in attaining groundwater sustainability in data-scarce regions.
Study Focus: This study evaluated the temporal variability in depth to groundwater (DTW) in the study region with heavily stressed aquifers during 1995–2015 using the modified Mann Kendall test. Subsequently, Shannon’s entropy assessed spatial variability in DTW and determined the dominant Hydrological, Geological, and Climatological (HGC) factor regulating the observed spatio-temporal variability taking land use/ land cover (LULC), geomorphology, lithology, topography, and rainfall as HGC factors.
New Hydrological Insights: The overall and seasonal trend analysis revealed that the study region possessed both rising and declining trends with a slightly higher percentage of wells with a rising trend. The spatial distribution of trends and the associated magnitude accentuated the unforeseen groundwater temporal variability and higher-order susceptibility of DTW to rising and declining trends. The marginal entropy revealed the higher-order spatial variability associated with deeper DTW and vice versa. Evaluation of the HGC factors revealed that LULC could explain the maximum variability in the DTW as a dominant HGC factor. It was found that the impact of LULC features on DTW variability is not straightforward, necessitating impact assessment studies in the location with significant to highly significant trends. This formulated approach can immensely contribute to the planning and management in attaining groundwater sustainability in data-scarce regions.
16 Tanti, P. C.; Jena, P. R.; Aryal, J. P.; Rahut, D. B. 2022. Role of institutional factors in climate-smart technology adoption in agriculture: evidence from an eastern Indian state. Environmental Challenges, 7:100498. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100498]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Technology ; Adaptation ; Strategies ; Agricultural extension ; Diversification ; Crop rotation ; Institutions ; Households ; Villages ; Social capital ; Models / India / Odisha / Balangir / Kendrapara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050995)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010022000580/pdfft?md5=05a592685165a482b6189c9f5d5daf77&pid=1-s2.0-S2667010022000580-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050995.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050995.pdf
(1.62 MB) (1.62 MB)
Climate change threatens rural livelihoods by adversely affecting agricultural production through reduced crop yields, harvest loss, and increased cost of production. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices have emerged as a possible solution to ensure food security by adapting to climate risks on the one hand, and mitigating GHG emissions from agriculture, on the other hand. However, resource-poor farmers often face both financial and knowledge constraints to adopt CSA practices, and thus, institutional support plays a crucial role in overcoming those barriers. Therefore, this study uses primary data collected from 248 farm households in the Eastern Indian state of Odisha to examine the role of institutional factors in CSA adoption. Almost 95% of the sample farmers experienced the effects of climate change, and many have adopted CSA practices such as rescheduling planting (78%), crop rotation (56%), crop diversification (35%), micro-irrigation (17%), and drought-resistant seeds (16%). Probit models are estimated to explore the key determinants of the adoption of these five major practices. Results show that factors such as government extension service, farmer field school participation, subsidies, access to energy, and perception of climate shocks are the major determinants. Further, the coefficient of interaction between landholding and credit availability on the decision to adopt CSA is positive. Thus, agricultural policies to improve institutional support, such as subsidies on farm machinery, extension support, credit facility, and field demonstration of technologies, are crucial to upscale CSA adoption in the region.
17 Saxena, S.; Chouhan, N. S.; Mojumdar, S.; Nielsen, M. O.; Manchikanti, S.; Mukherjee, A.; Agarwal, N.; Rani, M.; Dutta, A.; Vignesh, R.; Walters, J. P. 2022. Bridging the rural–urban divide in sanitation with a cluster-based approach to faecal sludge management: a case study from Dhenkanal district in Odisha, India. H2Open Journal, 5(4):549-566. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.054]
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Sanitation ; Rural areas ; Households ; Governance ; Infrastructure ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Toilets ; Towns ; Models ; Cluster analysis ; Capacity Development ; Case studies / India / Odisha / Dhenkanal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051586)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/5/4/549/1119306/h2oj0050549.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051586.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051586.pdf
(0.86 MB) (880 KB)
Halfway into the sustainable development goal (SDG) period, the rural and urban divide in sanitation persists. As of 2020, less than half of the global rural population has access to safely managed sanitation. In India, the Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission – Rural helped over 100 million rural households to construct individual toilets and access at least basic sanitation during 2014–2019. Expectedly, the increase in toilet usage has led to an urgent need for faecal sludge management (FSM). The present paper describes a novel model, rooted in an urban–rural partnership, to increase access to FSM services among rural households. In 2020–2021, we piloted the model in the Dhenkanal district in Odisha, which had a functional urban faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP) and publicly run desludging trucks. The model adopted a five-step approach that included a data-led situational assessment, model development, stakeholder consultation, legal formalization of urban–rural partnership, and capacity building. Upon its implementation, the partnership transformed the rural sanitation service chain and resulted in the safe collection, conveyance, and treatment of 278 kL of faecal sludge from rural households within the first 5 months of implementation. As rural governments in India and other developing countries strive to achieve safely managed sanitation by 2030, the urban–rural partnership model discussed in the paper can present a viable pathway for rapidly scaling-up FSM services.
18 Sarkar, Anindita; Chakraborty, Shreya; Mukherji, Aditi. 2022. Agrifood systems policy research: historical evolution of agrifood systems in Odisha, India. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA). 14p.
Agrifood systems ; Policies ; Food production ; Food security ; Agrarian structure ; Political aspects ; Agricultural productivity / South Asia / India / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051632)
(705 KB)
The diverse political influences and agrarian histories in Odisha have played a major role in determining the heterogenous regional contexts of agricultural development in the region. Several important political-economic developments like land tenure systems, feudal and semi-feudal structures, and their alliance with colonial extraction of revenue and taxation regimes historically have determined the agrarian pathways manifested in present inequalities in access to land, resources, and capital. There is a historical path dependence in agrarian systems, agrarian relations and the policies that aim to bring about changes. Thus “solutions” to a sustainable and resilient agrifood system needs to be contextualized within the historical and socio-political context. This research brief discusses the major drivers of food production and food security in Odisha charting the evolution of agrifood systems in the state. It traces the major political, economic, and social developments in Odisha that have taken place since 1850 that have determined the agrarian relations and agrifood outcomes for the region. It also discusses the major climatic events, particularly droughts and floods, that have influenced food production and livelihoods of rural communities. It brings out the temporal continuities and discontinuities in agrarian relations and technological transformations in agriculture.
19 Banerjee, Anurag; Chakraborty, Shreya; Mukherji, Aditi. 2022. Historical evolution of the agrifood system in Odisha, India. Proceedings of the Workshop on Expert Multistakeholder Consultation - Historical Evolution of the Agrifood System in Odisha, India, Bhubaneshwar, India, 25 November 2022. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA). 6p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051636)
(939 KB)
As a part of the Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) initiative’s holistic food systems approach, IWMI led a study tracing the historical evolution of food systems in the state of Odisha, India. The expert consultation aimed to solicit views on framing and situating the historical study within the current food systems-related discussions. The study is conducted by Dr. Anindita Sarkar, Delhi University. Stakeholders offered substantial feedback on increasing the geographical and community scope of the study, important timelines to include, and relevant issues of the local agrifood system relevant for the region.
20 Mahapatra, Smaranika; Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Sikka, Alok. 2023. Upscaling micro-irrigation in the Indian states of Odisha and Assam: recommendations based on field evidence. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p.
Microirrigation ; Resilience ; Water productivity ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation systems ; Capacity development ; Awareness / India / Odisha / Assam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051879)
(6.74 MB)
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