Your search found 82 records
1 Burt, T. P.; Pinay, G.; Sabater, S. 2010. Riparian zone hydrology and biogeochemistry. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). 490p. (IAHS Benchmark Papers in Hydrology 5)
Riparian zones ; Hydrology ; Biogeochemistry ; Water balance ; Landscape ecology ; Rivers ; Flow ; Models ; Water yield ; Soil transport processes ; Runoff ; Nitrogen ; Watersheds ; Case studies ; Sedimentation / USA / UK / Santa Ana River / Cotswolds
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G000 BUR Record No: H043502)
(0.41 MB)
2 Sood, Aditya; Ritter, W. F. 2011. Developing a framework to measure watershed sustainability by using hydrological / water quality model. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 11(3):788-804. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2011.311089]
Watershed management ; Indicators ; Assessment ; Water quality ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Biodiversity ; Models ; GIS ; Social aspects ; Environmental effects ; Case studies ; Sustainable development ; Land use ; Riparian zones
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044558)
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=8679&returnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.scirp.org%2fjournal%2fPaperInformation.aspx%3fpaperID%3d8679
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044558.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044558.pdf
(4.04 MB) (4.04MB)
A framework is built, wherein hydrological/water quality model is used to measure watershed sustainability. For this framework, watershed sustainability has been defined and quantified by defining social, environmental and biodiversity indicators. By providing weightage to these indicators, a “River Basin Sustainability Index” is built. The watershed sustainability is then calculated based on the concepts of reliability, resilience and vulnerability. The framework is then applied to a case study, where, based on watershed management principles, four land use scenarios are created in GIS. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used as a hydrology/water quality model. Based on the results the land uses are ranked for sustainability and policy implications have been discussed. This results show that landuse (both type and location) impact watershed sustainability. The existing land use is weak in environmental sustainability. Also, riparian zones play a critical role in watershed sustainability, although beyond certain width their contribution is not significant.
3 Pierret, A.; de Rouw, A.; Chaplot, V.; Valentin, C.; Noble, Andrew; Suhardiman, Diana; Drechsel, Pay. 2011. Reshaping upland farming policies to support nature and livelihoods: lessons from soil erosion in Southeast Asia with emphasis on Lao PDR. [Report of the Management of Soil Erosion Consortium (MSEC) Project]. Marseille, France: Institut de Recherche pour le Developpment (IRD); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 40p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.213]
Upland areas ; Farming systems ; Shifting cultivation ; Agricultural policy ; Erosion ; Soil conservation ; Tillage ; Land use ; Site ; Monitoring ; Catchment areas ; Surface runoff ; Riparian zones ; Water management ; Vegetation ; Rain / Southeast Asia / Laos
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044693)
(3.98 MB)
4 Imholt, C.; Soulsby, C.; Malcolm, I. A.; Hrachowitz, M.; Gibbins, C. N.; Langan, S.; Tetzlaff, D. 2011. Influence of scale on thermal characteristics in a large Montane River Basin. River Research and Applications, 17p. (Online first). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1608]
River basins ; Streams ; Temperature ; Regression analysis ; Models ; GIS ; Monitoring ; Catchment areas ; Riparian zones ; Vegetation / UK / Scotland / River Dee Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044701)
(4.69 MB)
This study monitored stream temperatures over two hydrological years at various nested scales within the large, unregulated river Dee catchment (North East Scotland). These scales were (i) the whole catchment (11 sites along main stem Dee); (ii) the tributary (single sites in main tributaries); (iii) the Girnock (five sites in one subcatchment); and (iv) the reach (26 points across single reach). The aim was to characterize the thermal regime of all locations and compare the magnitude of variation between each scale. The controls on this variation were assessed via a multiple linear regression model using Geographic Information System-derived catchment data. Temperatures were collected at 15-min resolution and for further analysis and discussion combined to daily means. At the catchment and subcatchment scales, a west to east gradient in mean and minimum temperatures was observed, largely paralleling changes in altitude. Temperature differences between subcatchments were generally greater than between the sites along the main stem of the Dee. Differences between tributaries reflected differences in their morphology and land use. However, some tributaries had similar thermal regimes, despite different catchment and riparian characteristics. Subcatchment differences in thermal regimes of one of the tributaries corresponded to riparian vegetation reduced diurnal variability in sections dominated by broadleaf woodland. Compared with the larger scales, reach differences in thermal regime were small (e.g. mean temperatures of riffle, pool and margin habitats were within 0.3C). The most noticeable difference was in relation to the point samples within the backwater area, which has a more constant thermal regime, most probably reflecting its groundwater source. The regression analysis indicated that monthly mean temperatures can be predicted well using elevation and catchment area. Forest cover was a significant explanatory variable during the summer months. However, some of the empirical temperature data from the Dee indicate that similar thermal regimes can result from different physical controls and processes that have important implications for the extrapolation of such predictive models.
5 Stockan, J. A.; Langan, S. J.; Young, M. R. 2012. Investigating riparian margins for vegetation patterns and plant–environment relationships in northeast Scotland. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41(2):364-372. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0518]
Vegetation ; Riparian zones ; Water quality ; Watercourses ; Analytical methods ; Catchment areas ; Soil chemicophysical properties ; Plants ; Species ; Environmental effects / Scotland
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044744)
(0.67 MB)
6 Chinnasamy, P.; Hubbart, J. A. 2014. Measuring and modeling shallow groundwater flow between a semi-karst border stream and Ozark forested riparian zone in the Central USA. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 3(6):844-865.
Groundwater flow ; Flow discharge ; Ecosystems ; Forests ; Riparian zones ; Hydrology ; Models ; Soil hydraulic properties ; Stream flow / USA / Missouri
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046360)
http://www.sciencedomain.org/download.php?f=Chinnasamy362013JSRR7711_1.pdf&aid=3574
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046360.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046360.pdf
(0.52 MB)
Aims: Quantitative information is limited pertaining to riparian forest and stream shallow groundwater interactions particularly in karst hydro-ecosystems. Study Design, Place and Duration: Spatiotemporal variability of shallow groundwater flow was monitored along two stream reaches in a riparian Ozark border forest of central Missouri, United States. Each reach was equipped with twelve piezometers and two stream-gauging stations during the 2011 water year (WY). Methodology: High-resolution (i.e. 15 minute) time-series data were analyzed indicating average groundwater flow per unit stream length was -3 x 10-5 m3 s-1 m-1 (losing stream) for the entire study reach (total reach length = 830m) during the 2011 WY. The HYDRUS – 1D groundwater flow model was forced with observed data and outputs were assessed to improve model end user confidence in karst hydrogeologic systems. Results and Discussion: Results indicate rapid groundwater response to rainfall events within two to 24 hours nine meters from the stream. Analyses indicated average stream flow loss of 28% and 7% total volume to groundwater during winter and spring seasons, respectively. During the dry season (June-September), the stream was gaining 95% of the time. During the wet season (March-June), the stream was losing 70% of the time. Based on established assessment criteria, shallow groundwater modeling performance with HYDRUS – 1D was deemed very good (NS = 0.95, r2 = 0.99, RMSE = 2.38 cm and MD =1.3 cm). Conclusion: Results supply greatly needed baseline information necessary for improved understanding of riparian forest management and shallow groundwater transport and storage processes in semi-karst forest ecosystems.
7 Chinnasamy, Pennan; Hubbart, J. A. 2014. Potential of MODFLOW to model hydrological interactions in a Semikarst floodplain of the Ozark Border Forest in the Central United States. Earth Interactions, 18(20):1-24. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-14-0015.1]
Hydrology ; Models ; Surface water ; Groundwater flow ; Nitrates ; Precipitation ; Floodplains ; Stream flow ; Forests ; Riparian zones / Central USA / Missouri / Ozark Forest
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046708)
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/EI-D-14-0015.1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046708.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046708.pdf
(1.81 MB) (1.81 MB)
Riparian shallow groundwater and nutrient movement is important for aquatic and forest ecosystem health. Understanding stream water (SW)–shallow groundwater (GW) interactions is necessary for proper management of floodplain biodiversity, but it is particularly confounding in underrepresented semikarst hydrogeological systems. The Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW) was used to simulate shallow groundwater flow and nutrient transport processes in a second-growth Ozark border forest for the 2011 water year. MODFLOW provided approximations of hydrologic head that were statistically comparable to observed data (Nash–Sutcliffe = 0.47, r2 = 0.77, root-mean-square error = 0.61 cm, and mean difference = 0.46 cm). Average annual flow estimates indicated that 82% of the reach length was a losing stream, while the remaining 18% was gaining. The reach lost more water to the GW during summer (2405 m3 day-1) relative to fall (2184 m3 day-1), spring (2102 m3 day-1), and winter (1549 m3 day-1) seasons. Model results showed that the shallow aquifer had the highest nitrate loading during the winter season (707 kg day-1). A Particle-Tracking Model for MODFLOW (MODPATH) revealed significant spatial variations between piezometer sites (p = 0.089) in subsurface flow path and travel time, ranging from 213 m and 3.6 yr to 197 m and 11.6 yr. The current study approach is novel with regard to the use of transient flow conditions (as opposed to steady state conditions) in underrepresented semikarst geological systems of the U.S. Midwest. This study emphasizes the significance of semikarst geology in regulating SW–GW hydrologic and nutrient interactions and provides baseline information and modeling predictions that will facilitate future studies and management plans.
8 Chinnasamy, Pennan; Hubbart, J. A. 2015. Stream and shallow groundwater nutrient concentrations in an Ozark forested riparian zone of the central USA. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(10):6577-6590. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3880-7]
Groundwater ; Surface water ; Stream flow ; Nutrients ; Nitrates ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Ammonium ; Hydrology ; Riparian zones ; Case studies / Central USA / Ozark Forest
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046717)
(1.12 MB)
Characterizing spatiotemporal variations in surface water (SW)–shallow groundwater (GW) nutrient concentrations is important to predict stream ecosystem responses to disturbance. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such information from mixed-deciduous semi-karst hydro-geological regions. Nitrate (NO3 -), total phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and ammonium (NH4 +) concentrations were monitored in a case study between an Ozark stream and riparian hardwood forest GW over the 2011 water year in the central USA. Average SW NO3 -, P, K and NH4 + concentrations were 0.53, 0.13, 3.29 and 0.06 mg L-1, respectively. Nine meters from the streambank, average GW NO3 -concentration was 0.01 mg L-1, while P, K and NH4 + concentrations were 0.03, 1.7 and 0.04 mg L-1, respectively. Hyperbolic dilution model results indicated that NO3 - and K exhibited dilution behavior, while NH4 + had a concentration effect and P was hydrologically constant. Observed seasonal NO3 - concentration patterns of winter maxima and summer minima in SW (1.164 and 0.133 mg L-1) and GW (0.019 and 0.011 mg L-1) were supported by previous studies yet exhibited distinct semi-karst characteristics. Results indicate that in addition to relatively low residence time, lower nutrient concentrations in GW (relative to SW) may suggest that shallow GW flow processes are important for vegetation removal and retention of nutrients from streams in semi-karst shallow groundwater systems of the central USA.
9 Lokgariwar, C.; Chopra, R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Bharati, Luna; O’Keeffe, J. 2014. Including cultural water requirements in environmental flow assessment: an example from the upper Ganga river, India. Water International, 39(1):81-96. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.863684]
Water requirements ; Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Riparian zones ; Communities ; River basins ; Hydrology ; Hydraulics ; Surveys / India / Ganga River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046811)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2013.863684
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046811.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046811.pdf
(0.63 MB) (642.57 KB)
The rituals of riparian communities are frequently linked to the flow regimes of their river. These dependencies need to be identified, quantified and communicated to policy makers who manage river flows. This paper describes the first attempt to explicitly evaluate the flows required to maintain the cultural and spiritual activities in the upper Ganga River basin. Riparian dwellers and visitors were interviewed and the responses analyzed to obtain an overview of the needs and motivations for cultural flows. The approach enhances the overall concept of environmental flow assessment, especially in river basins where spiritual values ascribed to rivers are high.
10 Bach, H.; Glennie, P.; Taylor, R.; Clausen, T. J.; Holzwarth, F.; Jensen, K. M.; Meija, A.; Schmeier, S. 2014. Cooperation for water, energy, and food security in transboundary basins under changing climate. Vientiane, Lao PDR: Mekong River Commission (MRC). 95p. [Based on contributions made at the Third International Conference of the Mekong River Commission on Cooperation for Water, Energy, and Food Security in Transboundary Basins under Changing Climate, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, 2-3 April 2014]
International waters ; Energy ; Food security ; River basin development ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; International cooperation ; Sustainable development ; Ecosystem services ; Environmental effects ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Social impact ; Riparian zones ; International agreements ; Policy ; Institutions ; Private sector ; Stakeholders
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 BAC Record No: H046951)
http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/conference/MRC-intl-conf-publ-2014.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046951.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046951.pdf
(4.72 MB) (4.69 MB)
11 Buechler, S.; Hanson, A.-M. (Eds.) 2015. A political ecology of women, water and global environmental change. Oxon, UK: Routledge. 262p.
Political ecology ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Women in development ; Water resources ; Water management ; Environmental factors ; Globalization ; Partnerships ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Water availability ; Water governance ; Watersheds ; Lakes ; Urban areas ; Rural settlement ; Mining ; Social aspects ; Violence ; Ethnic groups ; Riparian zones ; Sustainability ; Cultivation ; Irrigation methods ; Seaweeds ; Wastes / South Africa / USA / Brazil / Mexico / Egypt / Canada / Tajikistan / Lesotho / Los Angeles / Rayon / Sonora / Yucatan / Yukon Territory
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 305.42 G000 BUE Record No: H047093)
(0.30 MB)
12 Saikia, Panchali; Sharma, Bharat. 2015. Indo-Bangladesh Ganges water interactions: From water sharing to collective water management. In Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Pukinskis, I.; Phillips, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the CPWF, GBDC, WLE Conference on Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science into Policy and Practices, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 21-23 October 2014. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.98-118.
Water management ; Water law ; Treaties ; International cooperation ; International waters ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Downstream ; Stream flow ; Riverbank protection ; Erosion ; Collective behaviour ; Corporate culture ; Dry season ; Sedimentation ; Salt water intrusion ; Riparian zones / Bangladesh / India / West Bengal / Gorai River / Hooghly-Bhagirathi River / Indo-Bangladesh Ganges
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047108)
(0.80 MB)
13 Zeitoun, M. 2015. The relevance of international water law to later-developing upstream states. Water International, 40(7):949-968. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1101527]
International waters ; Water law ; International law ; Water policy ; Aquifers ; Watercourses ; Developing countries ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Political aspects ; Equity ; Riparian zones ; Development projects / Ethiopia / Sudan / Lebanon / Palestine / Turkey / Iran / Egypt / Israel / Jordan River / Nile River / Tigris River / Euphrates River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047410)
(0.53 MB)
The relevance of the main instruments of international water law to the hydraulic development projects of later-developing upstream states is explored, for a non-legal audience. Relevance is gauged by querying common misperceptions, checking the compatibility of the instruments, and considering their effect along the Nile, Jordan and Tigris Rivers and associated aquifers. Specific principles of international water law are found to support upstream development in theory, though its relevance is threatened by incompatibility of clauses between the instruments, the erosion of norm-building processes, and a shift away from the idea that territorial sovereignty over a fluid resource should be limited.
14 Habteyes, B. G.; El-bardisy, H. A. E. H.; Amer, S. A.; Schneider, V. R.; Ward, F. A. 2015. Mutually beneficial and sustainable management of Ethiopian and Egyptian dams in the Nile Basin. Journal of Hydrology, 529:1235-1246. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.017]
Water management ; Dams ; Sustainability ; Water resources ; International waters ; Irrigated farming ; Water use ; Equity ; Riparian zones ; Water supply ; Reservoir storage ; Models ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Economic value / Ethiopia / Egypt / Sudan / Nile Basin / High Aswan Dam / Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047411)
(1.21 MB)
Ongoing pressures from population growth, recurrent drought, climate, urbanization and industrialization in the Nile Basin raise the importance of finding viable measures to adapt to these stresses. Four tributaries of the Eastern Nile Basin contribute to supplies: the Blue Nile (56%), White Nile-Albert (14%), Atbara (15%) and Sobat (15%). Despite much peer reviewed work addressing conflicts on the Nile, none to date has quantitatively examined opportunities for discovering benefit sharing measures that could protect negative impacts on downstream water users resulting from new upstream water storage developments. The contribution of this paper is to examine the potential for mutually beneficial and sustainable benefit sharing measures from the development and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam while protecting baseline flows to the downstream countries including flows into the Egyptian High Aswan Dam. An integrated approach is formulated to bring the hydrology, economics and institutions of the region into a unified framework for policy analysis. A dynamic optimization model is developed and applied to identify the opportunities for Pareto Improving measures to operate these two dams for the four Eastern Nile Basin countries: Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt. Results indicate a possibility for one country to be better off (Ethiopia) and no country to be worse off from a managed operation of these two storage facilities. Still, despite the optimism of our results, considerable diplomatic negotiation among the four riparians will be required to turn potential gains into actual welfare improvements.
15 Mul, Marloes; Obuobie, E.; Appoh, Richard; Kankam-Yeboah, K.; Bekoe-Obeng, E.; Amisigo, B.; Logah, F. Y.; Ghansah, Benjamin; McCartney, Matthew. 2015. Water resources assessment of the Volta River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 78p. (IWMI Working Paper 166) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2015.220]
Water resources ; Environmental impact assessment ; River basins ; International waters ; Water management ; Water governance ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water demand ; Water power ; Water availability ; Ecosystem services ; Natural resources ; Infrastructure ; Wetlands ; Lakes ; Dams ; Policy making ; Strategies ; Livestock ; Fishing ; Industry ; Geology ; Soils ; Sedimentation ; Land use ; Hydrology ; Energy generation ; Riparian zones ; Institutions ; Economic aspects / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047413)
(2 MB)
The ‘WISE-UP to climate’ project aims to demonstrate the value of natural infrastructure as a ‘nature-based solution’ for climate change adaptation and sustainable development. Within the Volta River Basin, both natural and built infrastructure provide livelihood benefits for people. Understanding the interrelationships between the two types of infrastructure is a prerequisite for sustainable water resources development and management. This is particularly true as pressures on water resources intensify and the impacts of climate change increase. This report provides an overview of the biophysical characteristics, ecosystem services and links to livelihoods within the basin.
16 Amarasinghe, Upali Ananda; Muthuwatta, Lal; Surinaidu, L.; Anand, Sumit; Jain, S. K. 2016. Reviving the Ganges water machine: potential. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(3):1085-1101. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1085-2016]
Monsoon climate ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water storage ; Groundwater management ; Surface water ; River basins ; Riparian zones ; Irrigated land ; Farmland ; Environmental flows ; Flooding ; Recharge ; Runoff / South East Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Tibet / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047467)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/20/1085/2016/hess-20-1085-2016.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047467.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047467.pdf
(1.35 MB)
The Ganges River basin faces severe water challenges related to a mismatch between supply and demand. Although the basin has abundant surface water and groundwater resources, the seasonal monsoon causes a mismatch between supply and demand as well as flooding. Water availability and flood potential is high during the 3–4 months (June–September) of the monsoon season. Yet, the highest demands occur during the 8–9 months (October–May) of the non-monsoon period. Addressing this mismatch, which is likely to increase with increasing demand, requires substantial additional storage for both flood reduction and improvements in water supply. Due to hydrogeological, environmental, and social constraints, expansion of surface storage in the Ganges River basin is problematic. A range of interventions that focus more on the use of subsurface storage (SSS), and on the acceleration of surface–subsurface water exchange, has long been known as the Ganges Water Machine (GWM). The approach of the GWM for providing such SSS is through additional pumping and depleting of the groundwater resources prior to the onset of the monsoon season and recharging the SSS through monsoon surface runoff. An important condition for creating such SSS is the degree of unmet water demand. The paper shows that the potential unmet water demand ranging from 59 to 124 Bm3 year-1 exists under two different irrigation water use scenarios: (i) to increase irrigation in the Rabi (November–March) and hot weather (April–May) seasons in India, and the Aman (July–November) and Boro (December–May) seasons in Bangladesh, to the entire irrigable area, and (ii) to provide irrigation to Rabi and the hot weather season in India and the Aman and Boro seasons in Bangladesh to the entire cropped area. However, the potential for realizing the unmet irrigation demand is high only in 7 sub-basins in the northern and eastern parts, is moderate to low in 11 sub-basins in the middle, and has little or no potential in 4 sub-basins in the western part of the Ganges basin. Overall, a revived GWM plan has the potential to meet 45–84 Bm3year-1 of unmet water demand.
17 Amarasinghe, Upali Ananda; Muthuwatta, Lal; Surinaidu, L.; Anand, Sumit; Jain, S. K. 2015. Reviving the Ganges water machine: why? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 12:8727-8759. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-8727-2015]
Monsoon climate ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water storage ; Water demand ; Groundwater management ; Surface water ; River basins ; Riparian zones ; Irrigated land ; Environmental flows ; Flooding ; Recharge ; Runoff ; Rain / South East Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Tibet / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047515)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/12/8727/2015/hessd-12-8727-2015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047515.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047515.pdf
(2.72 MB)
The Ganges River Basin may have a major pending water crisis. Although the basin has abundant surface water and groundwater resources, the seasonal monsoon causes a mismatch between supply and demand as well as flooding. Water availability and flood potential is high during the 3–4 months of the monsoon season. Yet, the highest demands occur during the 8–9 months of the non-monsoon period. Addressing this mismatch requires substantial additional storage for both flood reduction and improvements in water supply. Due to hydrogeological, environmental, and social constraints, expansion of surface storage in the Ganges River Basin is problematic. A range of in- terventions that focus more on the use of subsurface storage (SSS), and on the acceleration of surface–subsurface water exchange, have long been known as the “Ganges Water Machine”. One approach for providing such SSS is through additional pumping prior to the onset of the monsoon season. An important necessary condition for creating such SSS is the degree of unmet water demand. This paper highlights that an unmet water demand ranging from 59 to 119 Bm3 exists under two different irrigation water use scenarios: (i) to increase Rabi and hot weather season irrigation to the entire irrigable area, and (ii) to provide Rabi and hot weather season irrigation to the entire cropped area. This paper shows that SSS can enhance water supply, and provide benefits for irrigation and other water use sectors. In addition, it can buffer the inherent variability in water supply and mitigate extreme flooding, especially in the downstream parts of the basin. It can also increase river flow during low-flow months via baseflow or enable the re-allocation of irrigation canal water. Importantly, SSS can mitigate the negative effects of both flooding and water scarcity in the same year, which often affects the most vulnerable segments of society – women and children, the poor and other disadvantaged social groups.
18 Mul, Marloes; Obuobie, E.; Appoh, Richard; Kankam-Yeboah, K.; Bekoe-Obeng, E.; Amisigo, B.; Logah, F. Y.; Ghansah, Benjamin; McCartney, Matthew. 2015. Evaluation des ressources en eau du bassin de la Volta. In French. [Water resources assessment of the Volta River Basin]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 84p. (Also in English) (IWMI Working Paper 166/Document de travail IWMI 166) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.201]
Water resources ; Environmental impact assessment ; River basins ; International waters ; Water management ; Water governance ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water demand ; Water power ; Water availability ; Ecosystem services ; Natural resources ; Infrastructure ; Wetlands ; Lakes ; Dams ; Policy making ; Strategies ; Livestock ; Fishing ; Industry ; Geology ; Soils ; Sedimentation ; Land use ; Hydrology ; Energy generation ; Riparian zones ; Institutions ; Economic aspects / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047580)
(24 KB)
Le projet « WISE UP to climate » vise a demontrer l'utilite des infrastructures naturelles comme une « solution basee sur la nature » pour l'adaptation au changement climatique et le developpement durable. Dans le bassin de la Volta, les infrastructures naturelles, comme les construites, offrent des benefices pour la subsistance des personnes. Comprendre les interrelations entre ces deux types d'infrastructures est une condition indispensable a une gestion et un developpement durables des ressources en eau. Cela est particulierement vrai dans un contexte ou les pressions sur les ressources en eau s'intensifient, et ou les impacts du changement climatique augmentent. Ce rapport donne un apercu des caracteristiques biophysiques, des services ecosystemiques, et de leur relation avec les moyens de subsistance dans le bassin.
19 Wegerich, K.; Soliev, I.; Akramova, Indira. 2016. Dynamics of water reallocation and cost implications in the transboundary setting of Ferghana Province. Central Asian Survey, 35(1):38-60. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2016.1138739]
Water allocation ; Water resources ; International waters ; Water costs ; Water supply ; Water rights ; Irrigation systems ; Bureaucracy ; Pumps ; Tributaries ; Rivers ; Irrigated sites ; Irrigated farming ; Agriculture ; Benefits ; Riparian zones ; Upstream ; Case studies / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Ferghana Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047581)
(2.61 MB)
While in the international literature water sharing in the Syr Darya Basin per past agreements is widely portrayed as most benefiting Uzbekistan, here the dynamics of water allocation within small transboundary tributaries in Ferghana Province show Uzbekistan as benefiting least. The case study highlights that water allocation for Uzbekistan within the tributaries has decreased over the years. Uzbekistan’s approach to compensate for the reduced allocations by means of other water sources has had large long-term cost implications for irrigated agriculture as well as the irrigation bureaucracy. This article contributes to the international debate on benefit sharing in transboundary rivers. The article highlights that costs should be incorporated into the benefitsharing approach, and therefore the focus on benefit sharing alone is misguiding riparian states. Furthermore, the article raises the need to reevaluate benefits, since perceptions of potential benefits change over time.
20 Mabhaudhi, T.; Mpandeli, S.; Madhlopa, A.; Modi, A. T.; Backeberg, G.; Nhamo, Luxon. 2016. Southern Africa’s water-energy nexus: towards regional integration and development. Water, 8(6):1-21. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w8060235]
Policy making ; Sustainable development ; Regional development ; Water resources ; Energy resources ; Energy generation ; Agriculture ; Watercourses ; Water scarcity ; Water supply ; Water requirements ; International waters ; River basins ; Poverty ; Economic development ; Riparian zones ; Population growth / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047590)
(2.21 MB)
The Southern African Development Community’s (SADC) water and energy sectors are under increasing pressure due to population growth and agricultural and industrial development. Climate change is also negatively impacting on the region’s water and energy resources. As the majority of SADC’s population lives in poverty, regional development and integration are underpinned by water and energy security as the watercourses in the region are transboundary in nature. This paper reviews the region’s water and energy resources and recommends policies based on the water–energy nexus approach. This is achieved by reviewing literature on water and energy resources as well as policy issues. Water resources governance provides a strong case to create a water–energy nexus platform to support regional planning and integration as SADC countries share similar climatic and hydrological conditions. However, there has been a gap between water and energy sector planning in terms of policy alignment and technical convergence. These challenges hinder national policies on delivering economic and social development goals, as well as constraining the regional goal of greater integration. Regional objectives on sustainable energy and access to clean water for all can only be achieved through the recognition of the water–energy nexus, championed in an integrated and sustainable manner. A coordinated regional water–energy nexus approach stimulates economic growth, alleviates poverty and reduces high unemployment rates. The shared nature of water and energy resources requires far more transboundary water–energy nexus studies to be done in the context of regional integration and policy formulation.
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