Your search found 13 records
1 Mandiringana, O. T.; Mabi, M.; Simalenga, T. E. 2003. The potential of three water conservation technologies for adoption and use by communal farmers in the Eastern Cape. In Beukes, D.; de Villiers, M.; Mkhize, S.; Sally, H.; van Rensburg, L. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium and Workshop on Water Conservation Technologies for Sustainable Dryland Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (WCT), held at Bloem Spa Lodge and Conference Centre, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 8-11 April 2003. Pretoria, South Africa: ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water. pp.56-59.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G100 BEU Record No: H034388)
2 Zamxaka, M.; Pironcheva, G.; Muyima, N. Y. O. 2004. Analysis of the microbiological situation of the quality of domestic water sources and identification of the microorganisms in them, located in the semi-arid regions of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In Stephenson, D.; Shemang, E. M.; Chaoka, T. R. (Eds.), Water resources of arid areas: proceedings of the International Conference on Water Resources of Arid and Semi Arid Regions of Africa (WRASRA), Gaborone, Botswana, 3-6 August 2004. Leiden, Netherlands: A. A. Balkema. pp.535-540.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G100 STE Record No: H035570)
3 Siyongwana, P. Q. 2004. Informal moneylenders in the Limpopo, Gauteng and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 21(5):851-866.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7321 Record No: H036855)
4 South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 1994. Algoa Water Resources System analysis: hydrology. Volume 1 of 2. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Directorate of Project Planning. 132p.
Rivers ; Models ; Calibration ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Precipitation ; Evaluation / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Algoa Water Resources System / Kouga River / Paul Sauer Dam / Swartkopsver / Krom River / Charlie Malan Dam / Kruis River / Elands River / Tsitsikamma River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8050 Record No: H044112)
(0.36 MB)
5 South Africa. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 1994. Algoa Water Resources System analysis: hydrology. Volume 2 of 2. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Directorate of Project Planning. 175p.
Rivers ; Models ; Calibration ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Precipitation ; Evaluation / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Algoa Water Resources System / Kouga River / Paul Sauer Dam / Swartkopsver / Krom River / Charlie Malan Dam / Kruis River / Elands River / Tsitsikamma River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8051 Record No: H044113)
(0.25 MB)
6 Botha, J. J.; Anderson, J. J.; Van Staden, P. P. 2015. Rainwater harvesting and conservation tillage increase maize yields in South Africa. Water Resources and Rural Development, 6:66-77. (Special issue: Managing Rainwater and Small Reservoirs in Sub-Saharan Africa). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2015.04.001]
Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; Water productivity ; Water conservation ; Techniques ; Conventional tillage ; Minimum tillage ; Zero tillage ; Mechanical harvesting ; Soils ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Maize ; On farm research ; Farmers ; Rural areas / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Limpopo / Free State
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047514)
(0.23 MB)
Poverty and food insecurity are common amongst rural communities in the sub-Saharan African region. The rural population of South Africa is not excluded from poverty. With normal conventional tillage practices, crop failures are common on marginal soils in semi-arid areas with low and erratic rainfall. Therefore, selected rural communities in the Eastern Cape, Limpopo and Free State Provinces of South Africa were introduced to appropriate rainwater harvesting and conservation agricultural techniques to contribute towards the reduction of food insecurity through improved maize yields. Conventional tillage, no-till, minimum tillage, mechanized basins, in-field rainwater harvesting and the Daling plough were tested in on-station and on-farm field experiments over three to five maize growing seasons (2008/09–2011/13). The rainwater harvesting (in-field rainwater harvesting and Daling plough) and conservation (mechanized basins, no-till and minimum tillage) techniques resulted in slightly higher yields than conventional tillage due to their potential to conserve rainwater better and to harvest additional rainwater. Conventional tillage, no-till and minimum tillage had lower grain yields because they lost on average 18% of the total rainfall to ex-field runoff. The rainwater productivity of the Daling plough treatment was very similar to that of in-field rainwater harvesting, followed by mechanized basins, conventional tillage and no-till or minimum tillage.
7 Rao, Krishna C.; Kvarnstrom, E.; Di Mario, L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Business models for fecal sludge management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 80p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 06) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.213]
Faecal sludge ; Resource management ; Resource recovery ; Recycling ; Business management ; Models ; Waste disposal ; Desludging ; Dumping ; Sewerage ; Waste treatment ; Waste water treatment plants ; Solid wastes ; Pollution ; Composts ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Latrines ; Defaecation ; Stakeholders ; Finance ; Cost recovery ; Energy recovery ; Biogas ; Organic fertilizers ; Private enterprises ; Institutions ; Partnerships ; Licences ; Regulations ; Transport ; Septic tanks ; Nutrients ; Taxes ; Farmers ; Urban areas ; Landscape ; Household ; Incentives ; Case studies / Asia / Africa / Latin America / South Africa / Kenya / India / Rwanda / Nepal / Philippines / Lesotho / Bangladesh / Mozambique / Ghana / Senegal / Benin / Sierra Leone / Malaysia / Ethiopia / Vietnam / Mali / Sri Lanka / Burkina Faso / Peru / Haiti / Dakar / Nairobi / Maseru / Accra / Tamale / Addis Ababa / Eastern Cape / Maputo / Dhaka / Ho Chi Minh City / Hai Phong / Dumaguete / Mombasa / Kisumu / San Fernando / Bamako / Cotonou / Ouagadougou / Kigali / Bangalore / Dharwad / Balangoda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047826)
(4.75 MB)
On-site sanitation systems, such as septic tanks and pit latrines, are the predominant feature across rural and urban areas in most developing countries. However, their management is one of the most neglected sanitation challenges. While under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the set-up of toilet systems received the most attention, business models for the sanitation service chain, including pit desludging, sludge transport, treatment and disposal or resource recovery, are only emerging. Based on the analysis of over 40 fecal sludge management (FSM) cases from Asia, Africa and Latin America, this report shows opportunities as well as bottlenecks that FSM is facing from an institutional and entrepreneurial perspective.
8 Mathebula, J.; Jonas, S.; Nhemachena, Charles. 2017. Estimation of household income diversification in South Africa: a case study of three provinces. South African Journal of Science, 113(1/2):1-9. [doi: https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2017/20160073]
Diversification ; Households ; Income ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Poverty ; Living standards ; Economic aspects ; Businesses ; Labour ; Financing ; Social aspects ; Case studies / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Limpopo / KwaZulu-Natal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047999)
http://www.sajs.co.za/system/tdf/publications/pdf/SAJS-113-1-2-Mathebula_ResearchArticle.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=35462&force=
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047999.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047999.pdf
(585 KB)
We estimated household income diversification in settlement types of the poorest provinces in South Africa – the Eastern Cape, Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal. We obtained data from the 2010/2011 Income and Expenditure Survey from Statistics South Africa and Wave 3 data from the National Income Dynamics Study. We used the number of income sources, the number of income earners and the Shannon Diversity Index to estimate income diversification in the study provinces. The results show that households in the traditional and urban formal areas diversified income sources to a greater extent than households in urban informal and rural formal settlements. The varied degrees of income diversification in the three provinces suggest that targeted policy initiatives aimed at enhancing household income are important in these provinces.
9 Hamer, N. G.; Lipile, L.; Lipile, M.; Molony, L.; Nzwana, X.; O’Keeffe, J.; Shackleton, S. E.; Weaver, M.; Palmer, C. G. 2018. Coping with water supply interruptions: can citizen voice in transdisciplinary research make a difference? Water International, 43(5):603-619. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2018.1497863]
Water supply ; Citizen participation ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Municipal governments ; Water governance ; Water availability ; Research projects ; User charges ; Social aspects / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Sundays River Valley / Makana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048897)
(1.70 MB)
Despite explicit legal and policy commitments, many South African residents do not have reliable access to potable water. Resident dissatisfaction with municipal water service delivery is evidenced by frequent civil protests. We consider how gathering and understanding the lived experiences of citizens could influence official responses to water interruptions. We take a transdisciplinary, problem-focussed, research approach to the experience of, and responses to, water interruptions, reflecting on the limitations of research to effect change in the lived experience. As transdisciplinary research praxis increasingly seeks expression in social outcomes, it is vital to confront both opportunities and limitations.
10 Phakathi, S.; Sinyolo, S.; Marire, J.; Fraser, G. 2021. Farmer-led institutional innovations in managing smallholder irrigation schemes in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces, South Africa. Agricultural Water Management, 248:106780. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106780]
Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Institutions ; Innovation ; Irrigation schemes ; Smallholders ; Decision making ; Women ; Participatory management ; Irrigation water ; Water resources / South Africa / KwaZulu-Natal / Eastern Cape / Tugela Ferry Irrigation Scheme / Mooi River Irrigation Scheme / Qamata Irrigation Scheme / Zanyokwe Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050226)
(0.50 MB)
Farmer-led institutional innovations have been touted as the key to improving the management of water resources in irrigation schemes. However, little is known about them in South Africa. This study documents institutional innovations by 28 farmer groups located on four irrigation schemes in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces, South Africa. Induced institutional innovation theory, Ostrom’s eight design principles, and thematic analysis of interview transcripts were used to analyse the data. The study results show that 21 groups engaged in institutional innovations, indicating high levels of farmer-led innovative activity among these irrigators. Examples of innovations include, among others, the introduction of a secret voting system to improve participation of marginalised people in decision-making processes, designing daily rotation rosters to reduce conflicts, as well as using an attendance register for participation in group activities, and rewarding members according to their participation levels. The majority of these innovations were designed to improve the graduated sanction mechanism (22.2%), enhancing the penalty system for non-compliance; improving collective action arrangements (27.8%); monitoring attendance of group meetings (18.5%); democratising decision making; and ensuring equitable water distribution. These innovations focused mainly on addressing challenges, rather than exploiting opportunities, and were mostly incremental (94%), involving an adjustment or reinterpretation of rules and regulations. Radical institutional innovations constituted only 6%. The innovative groups were smaller in size and experienced less conflict than the non-innovative groups. Both groups had low levels of education and were mostly dominated by female farmers. The study recommends that the government should build on the agency of the irrigators to improve the effectiveness and legitimacy of institutional arrangements in irrigation schemes. The study’s findings suggest that small groups should be actively promoted, while tailored training should be offered based on the groups’ specific needs, to improve institutional innovations in the smallholder irrigation sector in South Africa.
11 Apraku, A.; Gyampoh, B. A.; Morton, J. F.; Karikari, A. B. 2023. Water security in rural Eastern Cape, SA: interrogating the impacts of politics and climate change. Scientific African, 19:e01493. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01493]
Climate change ; Water security ; Politics ; Water insecurity ; Rural areas ; Water supply ; Livelihoods ; Ecosystems ; Socioeconomic development ; Evaporation ; Water resources ; Water scarcity ; Infrastructure ; Rainwater harvesting ; Precipitation ; Weather / South Africa / Eastern Cape
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051776)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227622003970/pdfft?md5=fcb9284952f7d3bb0061054b37736998&pid=1-s2.0-S2468227622003970-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051776.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051776.pdf
(840.00 MB) (840 KB)
Achieving water security remains one of the central challenges to many developing countries today. According to the South African Water Research Commission, the availability of safe and affordable water is crucial in ensuring a healthy and productive life for all. Despite the national standards set to measure the quality of water in South Africa, the sources and ‘quality standards’ of water in rural Eastern Cape remain a major concern. Based on empirical research with 140 respondents and interactions; this paper highlights that most rural residents in the Eastern Cape still access water from dams, rivers and streams for domestic and agricultural purposes. Again, the availability of water throughout the year is not guaranteed due to changing global climatic conditions with both humans and livestock accessing water from same sources. The paper concludes that climate change and politico-administrative ‘negligence’ compound water insecurity in most of South Africa's rural communities.
12 Adom, R. K.; Simatele, M. D.; Reid, M. 2023. Assessing the social and economic implications on water security in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape of South Africa. Journal of Water and Health, 21(7): 939-955. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2023.078]
Social aspects ; Socioeconomic development ; Economic aspects ; Water scarcity ; Water security ; Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Political aspects ; Communities ; Households ; Sustainability ; Water availability ; Infrastructure ; Water resources / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052119)
https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/21/7/939/1263178/jwh0210939.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052119.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052119.pdf
(0.72 MB) (740 KB)
Access to water is a universal human right for every individual and a key instrument in meeting the United Nations’ sustainable development goal SDG 6, namely, to ensure safe drinking water and sanitation for all by 2030. Water is also intrinsically linked to any society or country's social, economic and political development. Nevertheless, many communities and households, predominantly rural and underprivileged in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, continue to experience persistent water shortages. This means entrenched poverty, ill health, hunger, stress, and social and economic challenges for the population. Using data collection tools inspired by traditional methods of qualitative and quantitative approaches, this paper scrutinised the social and economic factors contributing to severe inequality in water access in the municipality. Our findings established that water shortage is portrayed as a stand-alone issue without linking it to social and economic challenges. Furthermore, both government and municipalities fail to contextualise a multidimensional problem-solving approach to the water provision challenges in the municipality. This paper, therefore, recommends a multidimensional approach to tackling the problem of accessibility, taking into consideration the social and economic needs of the population.
13 Mubangizi, B. C.; Okem, Andrew E.; John, S. F.; Ngubane, L. P.; Barry, I.; Adekanla, N.; Nyawo, J. C. 2023. Unpacking the reported impacts of COVID-19 in rural contexts: evidence from two rural municipalities in South Africa. African Renaissance, 20(4):135-159. [doi: http://doi.org/10.31920/2516-5305/2023/20n4a7]
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Rural communities ; Vulnerability ; Socioeconomic impact ; Gender-based violence ; Food insecurity ; Health care / South Africa / Eastern Cape / Matatiele / Winnie Madikizela Mandela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052484)
(0.58 MB)
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been primarily analysed within urban contexts, has revealed a significant gap in understanding its ramifications within rural areas. This study aims to address this gap by drawing upon the principles of Resilience Theory to shed light on the repercussions of the pandemic in rural contexts, thereby highlighting an overlooked aspect. This research employs a qualitative paradigm grounded in primary data collected from two rural municipalities, Matatiele and Winnie Madikizela Mandela Local Municipalities, in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. The primary data is derived from 11 focus group interviews involving essential stakeholders and 13 individual interviews that were purposefully selected. The study unravels a spectrum of adverse impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic across the two municipalities by thematically transcribing and coding audio records of interviews and focus groups using NVivo, employing inductive and deductive coding approaches. These impacts include employment loss, bereavement, food insecurity, and an upsurge in reported cases of gender-based violence. The pandemic’s ripples extend to cultural practices, education, and community well-being, as evidenced by the waning participation in cultural traditions, declining interest in education among school-goers, and a surge in substance abuse and criminal activities like stock theft. In light of these findings, the study advocates for customised pandemic responses in rural areas underpinned by the Resilience Theory framework. This entails endorsing enhanced healthcare infrastructure, fostering community-driven surveillance, promoting diversified livelihood strategies, and bolstering local governance structures. As the study expands our understanding, it concurrently underscores the significance of further exploration. The proposed avenue of research lies in examining how collaborative efforts among rural-based institutions can augment community resilience against the dual challenges of pandemics and disasters. Through this lens, the study emphasises the imperative of building adaptive capacity within rural communities, emphasising their ability to navigate uncertainties and emerge stronger in adversity.
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