Your search found 6 records
1 Ngang, P. N.; Jayasinghe, Gayathri; Kimani, V.; Shililu, J.; Kabutha, C.; Kabuage, L.; Githure, J.; Mutero, Clifford. 2009. Bed net use and associated factors in a rice farming community in central Kenya. Malaria Journal, 8(64):1-8. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-64]
Rice ; Malaria ; Waterborne diseases ; Public health ; Disease prevention ; Disease control ; Paddy fields / Kenya / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042157)
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-8-64.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H042157.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H042157.pdf
(0.39 MB)
2 Pruss-Ustun, A.; Bos, R.; Gore, F.; Bartram, J. 2008. Safer water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 60p.
Waterborne diseases ; Gastrointestinal diseases ; Hygiene ; Parasitoses ; Disease prevention ; Control methods ; Cost benefit analysis ; Water supply ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043304)
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596435_eng.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043304.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043304.pdf
(2.63 MB) (2.62 MB)
How much disease could be prevented through increased access to safe water and adequate sanitation, through improved water management and through better hygiene? What do we know about effective interventions, their costs and benefits in specific settings, or about financing policies and mechanisms? This report presents an overview of our current knowledge on the health impacts by country and by disease, of what has worked to reduce that burden, and of the financial requirements. Almost one tenth of the global disease burden, mainly in the developing countries, could be prevented by water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Moreover, effective and affordable interventions have been shown to further reduce this burden significantly. The economic return of investing in improved access to safe drinkingwater is almost 10-fold. Investing in water management will have dual benefits for health and agriculture. This overview provides arguments for fully integrating water, sanitation and hygiene in countries’ disease reduction strategies - a prerequisite to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It provides the basis for action by the health sector and those sectors managing critical water resources and services. Resulting benefits will include poverty alleviation, improved quality of life and reduction of costs to the health-care system.
3 Siddiqui, Salman. 2016. Sri Lanka’s drone pioneers. ICT Update: a current awareness bulletin for ACP agriculture, 2p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047540)
http://ictupdate.cta.int/Regulars/Perspectives/Sri-Lanka-s-drone-pioneers/(82)/1461765974
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047540.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047540.pdf
(0.12 MB)
4 Kibret, S.; Lautze, Jonathan; McCartney, Matthew; Nhamo, Luxon; Wilson, G. G. 2016. Malaria and large dams in sub-Saharan Africa: future impacts in a changing climate. Malaria Journal, 15:1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1498-9]
Malaria ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Climate change ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Disease prevention ; Population growth ; Sociocultural environment / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047719)
https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12936-016-1498-9?site=malariajournal.biomedcentral.com
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047719.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047719.pdf
(1.39 MB)
Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has embarked on a new era of dam building to improve food security and promote economic development. Nonetheless, the future impacts of dams on malaria transmission are poorly understood and seldom investigated in the context of climate and demographic change.
Methods: The distribution of malaria in the vicinity of 1268 existing dams in SSA was mapped under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5. Population projections and malaria incidence estimates were used to compute population at risk of malaria in both RCPs. Assuming no change in socio-economic interventions that may mitigate impacts, the change in malaria stability and malaria burden in the vicinity of the dams was calculated for the two RCPs through to the 2080s. Results were compared against the 2010 baseline. The annual number of malaria cases associated with dams and climate change was determined for each of the RCPs.
Results: The number of dams located in malarious areas is projected to increase in both RCPs. Population growth will add to the risk of transmission. The population at risk of malaria around existing dams and associated reservoirs, is estimated to increase from 15 million in 2010 to 21–23 million in the 2020s, 25–26 million in the 2050s and 28–29 million in the 2080s, depending on RCP. The number of malaria cases associated with dams in malarious areas is expected to increase from 1.1 million in 2010 to 1.2–1.6 million in the 2020s, 2.1–3.0 million in the 2050s and 2.4–3.0 million in the 2080s depending on RCP. The number of cases will always be higher in RCP 8.5 than RCP 2.6.
Conclusion: In the absence of changes in other factors that affect transmission (e.g., socio-economic), the impact of dams on malaria in SSA will be significantly exacerbated by climate change and increases in population. Areas without malaria transmission at present, which will transition to regions of unstable transmission, may be worst affected. Modifying conventional water management frameworks to improve malaria control, holds the potential to mitigate some of this increase and should be more actively implemented.
Methods: The distribution of malaria in the vicinity of 1268 existing dams in SSA was mapped under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5. Population projections and malaria incidence estimates were used to compute population at risk of malaria in both RCPs. Assuming no change in socio-economic interventions that may mitigate impacts, the change in malaria stability and malaria burden in the vicinity of the dams was calculated for the two RCPs through to the 2080s. Results were compared against the 2010 baseline. The annual number of malaria cases associated with dams and climate change was determined for each of the RCPs.
Results: The number of dams located in malarious areas is projected to increase in both RCPs. Population growth will add to the risk of transmission. The population at risk of malaria around existing dams and associated reservoirs, is estimated to increase from 15 million in 2010 to 21–23 million in the 2020s, 25–26 million in the 2050s and 28–29 million in the 2080s, depending on RCP. The number of malaria cases associated with dams in malarious areas is expected to increase from 1.1 million in 2010 to 1.2–1.6 million in the 2020s, 2.1–3.0 million in the 2050s and 2.4–3.0 million in the 2080s depending on RCP. The number of cases will always be higher in RCP 8.5 than RCP 2.6.
Conclusion: In the absence of changes in other factors that affect transmission (e.g., socio-economic), the impact of dams on malaria in SSA will be significantly exacerbated by climate change and increases in population. Areas without malaria transmission at present, which will transition to regions of unstable transmission, may be worst affected. Modifying conventional water management frameworks to improve malaria control, holds the potential to mitigate some of this increase and should be more actively implemented.
5 Jayawardena, U. A.; Rohr, J. R.; Navaratne, A. N.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Rajakaruna, R. S. 2016. Combined effects of pesticides and trematode infections on hourglass tree frog Polypedates cruciger. Ecohealth, 13(1):111-22. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-016-1103-2]
Pesticides ; Trematode infections ; Frogs ; Glyphosate ; Chlorpyrifos ; Dimethoate ; Malformations ; Propanil ; Environmental factors ; Chemical contamination ; Disease prevention ; Infectious diseases ; Mathematical models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048101)
The impact of widespread and common environmental factors, such as chemical contaminants, on infectious disease risk in amphibians is particularly important because both chemical contaminants and infectious disease have been implicated in worldwide amphibian declines. Here we report on the lone and combined effects of exposure to parasitic cercariae (larval stage) of the digenetic trematode, Acanthostomum burminis, and four commonly used pesticides (insecticides: chlorpyrifos, dimethoate; herbicides: glyphosate, propanil) at ecologically relevant concentrations on the survival, growth, and development of the common hourglass tree frog, Polypedates cruciger Blyth 1852. There was no evidence of any pesticide-induced mortality on cercariae because all the cercariae successfully penetrated each tadpole host regardless of pesticide treatment. In isolation, both cercarial and pesticide exposure significantly decreased frog survival, development, and growth, and increased developmental malformations, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and also edema and skin ulcers. The combination of cercariae and pesticides generally posed greater risk to frogs than either factor alone by decreasing survival or growth or increasing time to metamorphosis or malformations. The exception was that lone exposure to chlorpyrifos had higher mortality without than with cercariae. Consistent with mathematical models that suggest that stress should increase the impact of generalist parasites, the weight of the evidence from the field and laboratory suggests that ecologically relevant concentrations of agrochemicals generally increase the threat that trematodes pose to amphibians, highlighting the importance of elucidating interactions between anthropogenic activities and infectious disease in taxa of conservation concern.
6 Kalbusch, A.; Henning, E.; Brikalski, M. P.; de Luca, F. V.; Konrath, A. C. 2020. Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread-prevention actions on urban water consumption. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 163:105098. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105098]
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Disease prevention ; Urban environment ; Water use ; Social isolation ; Quarantine ; Water supply ; Households ; Case studies ; Models / Brazil / Joinville
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049994)
(1.73 MB)
This article aims to assess the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread-prevention actions on water consumption, based on a case study in Joinville, Southern Brazil. Residential water consumption data, obtained through telemetry in two periods (before and after a governmental action imposing quarantine and social isolation), were analyzed. Complementarily, the analyses were also applied to the commercial, industrial and public consumption categories. For the analysis, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were applied and Prais-Winsten regression models were adjusted. The results of the Wilcoxon test show that there are significant differences between the analyzed periods, indicating a water consumption drop in the commercial, industrial and public categories, and an increase in the residential category. The regression model results confirm the effect of the restrictive actions in reducing consumption in non-residential categories. The results also indicate an increase in water consumption, which was steeper in apartment buildings than in houses, whether isolated or grouped in condominiums. A weak association was found between the variation in water consumption and the spatial distribution of buildings. Understanding water consumption related aspects is important to gather essential information to ensure the urban water supply system is resilient in a pandemic situation.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
