Your search found 15 records
1 Villholth, K. G.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Jeyakumar, P.; Panabokke, C. R.; Woolley, Olivia; Weerasinghe, M. D.; Amalraj, N.; Prathepaan, S.; Bürgi, N.; Lionelrathne, D. M. D. S.; Indrajith, N. G.; Pathirana, S. R. K. 2005. Tsunami impacts on shallow groundwater and associated water supply on the East Coast of Sri Lanka: a post-tsunami well recovery support initiative and an assessment of groundwater salinity in three areas of Batticaloa and Ampara Districts. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) ix, 68p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.0052]
Groundwater ; Aquifers ; Salinity ; Natural disasters ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Wells ; Rehabilitation ; Mosquitoes ; Disease vectors / Sri Lanka / Batticaloa District / Ampara District
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9104 G744 VIL Record No: H038656)
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/10532_10532R26TsunamiImpactsonShallowGrou.pdf
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/tsunami/pdf/tsunami_impacts_on_shallow_groundwater.pdf
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/tsunami/pdf/tsunami_impacts_on_shallow_groundwater.pdf
(2.35MB)
2 Villholth, K. G.. 2009. Water and ethics in food production and provision. In Llamas, M. R.; Martinez-Cortina, L.; Mukherji, Aditi. (Eds.). Water ethics: Marcelino Botin Water Forum 2007. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press. pp.81-94.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LLA Record No: H042074)
3 Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) 2009. Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. 325p. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Hydrogeology ; River basins ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Rural poverty ; Water governance ; Income ; Economic aspects ; Case studies ; Shallow tube wells ; Water availability ; Crop yield ; Energy resources ; Food security ; Water market ; Water use ; Tube well irrigation ; Pumps ; Fuels / South Asia / China / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indo-Gangetic Basin / Yellow River Basin / Punjab / Bihar / West Bengal / Andhra Pradesh / North China Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042219)
(0.67 MB)
4 Villholth, K. G.; Mukherji, Aditi; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. 2009. The role of groundwater in agriculture, livelihoods and rural poverty alleviation in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: a review. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.3-28. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater development ; Water market ; Wells ; Pumps ; Energy consumption ; Rural poverty ; River basins / South Asia / China / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indo-Gangetic Basin / Yellow River Basin / Punjab / Bihar / Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042220)
(0.46 MB)
5 Villholth, K. G.; Mukherji, Aditi; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. 2009. The realities and challenges of contemporary groundwater-based smallholder irrigated farming across the Indus, Ganges and Yellow River basins. In Taniguchi, M.; Dausman, A.; Howard, K.; Polemio, M.; Lakshmanan, E. (Eds.). Trends and sustainability of groundwater in highly stressed aquifers: proceedings of Symposium JS.2 at the Joint Convention of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), Hyderabad, India, 6–12 September 2009. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). pp.89-102. (IAHS Publication 329)
Groundwater irrigation ; Pipes ; Energy consumption ; Wells ; Costs ; Crop production ; Farmers attitudes ; Poverty ; Water market / South Asia / India / China / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indus River basin / Ganges River basin / Yellow River basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042276)
(0.33 MB)
Groundwater has played an increasing role in irrigated farming, livelihood support, poverty alleviation, and national food security in India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal since the advent of the green revolution in the 1960s. This paper presents a synthesis of the results of a cross-regional research effort, based on surveys in more than 60 villages, to map the contemporary realities and constraints of groundwater use and adaptation in irrigated agriculture within smallholder farmer communities across the alluvial plains of the major Indus, Ganges and Yellow river basins in Asia. The results show a general over-exploitation of groundwater resources in Pakistan, western India, and China and relative under-utilization in eastern India and Bangladesh. But more interestingly, and despite its great significance, practically nowhere is groundwater managed in an integrated manner. As a result, its use is sub-optimal where smallholders today employ a range of adaptation and coping strategies to uphold groundwater benefits. The research findings point to various axes along which to identify solutions and focus equitable and sustainable policies and management interventions.
6 Villholth, K. G.. 2009. Towards better management of groundwater resources: lessons from an integrated capacity building project in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.29-42. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Capacity building ; Training programmes / Asia / China / Bangladesh / Pakistan / Nepal / Indus River / Ganges River / Yellow River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042221)
7 Sun, R.; Liu, Y.; Qian, Y.; Villholth, K. G.. 2009. Agricultural groundwater issues in North China: a case study from Zhengzhou municipal area. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.183-200. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Irrigated farming ; Tube wells ; Ownership ; Cost recovery ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater development ; Water law ; Water governance ; Drilling ; Aquifers ; Water pollution ; Water shortage ; Water table ; Villages ; Groundwater recharge ; Discharges ; Farm income ; Crop management / China / Zhengzhou / Xinmi County / Xingyang County
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042229)
8 Krishnan, S.; Islam, A.; Machiwal, D.; Sena, D. R.; Villholth, K. G.. 2009. Using the living wisdom of well drillers to construct digital groundwater data bases across Indo-Gangetic basin. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.247-263. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Databases ; Groundwater management ; Wells ; Drilling ; Indigenous knowledge ; Hydrology ; Aquifers ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Social participation / India / Nepal / Indo-Gangetic Basin / Vaishali District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042233)
9 Villholth, K. G.; Jeyakumar, P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Manamperi, A. S. P.; Vithanage, M.; Goswami, R. R.; Panabokke, C. R. 2010. Tsunami impacts and rehabilitation of groundwater supply: lessons learned from eastern Sri Lanka. In Jha, M. K. (Ed.). Natural and anthropogenic disasters: vulnerability, preparedness and mitigation. New York, NY, USA: Springer; New Delhi, India: Capital Publishing Company. pp.82-99.
Tsunamis ; Impact assessment ; Groundwater ; Lagoons ; Wells ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Flooding ; Salinity ; Monitoring ; Drinking water ; Rehabilitation ; Models ; Surveys / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042732)
(1.44 MB)
10 Villholth, K. G.; Mukherji, Aditi; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. 2010. Constraints to smallholder livelihood in irrigated agriculture in groundwater dependent parts of Asia. [Abstract only]. In Abstracts of the “Toward Sustainable Groundwater in Agriculture - An International Conference Linking Science and Policy,” Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California , USA, 15-17 June 2010. Davis, CA, USA: University of California; Sacramento, CA, USA: Water Education Foundation. pp.173.
Irrigated farming ; Groundwater irrigation ; Pumping / Asia / India / China / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indo-Gangetic River Basin / Yellow River Basin / North China Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043194)
http://www.ag-groundwater.org/Materials/Ag-GW_2010_Abstracts.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043194.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043194.pdf
(0.02 MB) (3.75 MB)
Groundwater is of paramount importance as resource input to smallholder irrigated agriculture in many parts of Asia today, both for securing subsistence farming as well as part of economic livelihood strategies. It is estimated that 1 billion farmers across India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal are reliant on groundwater for their farming. However, despite and in some places because of effective and widespread technologies for accessing and utilizing groundwater, the farmers often encounter constraints in their further development and benefit optimizing of this resource. As part of devising policies and programs that contribute towards sustainable farming systems, integrated land use planning, effective use of water resources, increased food production, and adaptation to global changes in climate, demography, and economic conditions, it is key to understand the realities of farmer interaction with and impediments for utilizing groundwater in these parts of the world. Data and results are presented from action research carried out in the alluvial sedimentary basins of the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River systems (Fig. 1) as part of a major training and research capacity building effort for groundwater professionals from these five Asian countries. A subsidiary objective to the capacity building aim was to gain insight into and collect key figures and comparative descriptions of the physical, the agricultural, and the household economic conditions for the poor farmers to engage in groundwater irrigation. Major constraints for groundwater use relate to exhaustion of the resource (Yellow River Basin, the North China Plains and western India) and to lack of reliable or affordable energy sources for the pumping of groundwater (eastern India and Bangladesh). Agricultural production levels are relatively low in a global context, particularly in the poorest areas, reflecting other constraints, such as lack of other production inputs and supporting market and service infrastructure. Nowhere is groundwater managed actively and directly, though few examples of local and social schemes for management were encountered. Adaptation or coping strategies of the farmers varied from drilling deeper wells and implementing more efficient pumps in over-exploited areas to substituting expensive diesel fuels with the subsidized cooking oil kerosene in areas with plenty of groundwater but poor energy sources (Table 1). In most places, farmers respond by diversifying crops and livelihood income sources. Migration is also practiced but not always to the effect of relieving further stress on groundwater. General recommendations are provided for addressing the groundwater-related constraints in the diverse landscape of groundwater based economies.
11 Villholth, K. G.; Rajasooriyar, L. D. 2010. Groundwater resources and management challenges in Sri Lanka: an overview. Water Resources Management, 24(8):1489–1513. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9510-6]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043354)
(0.72 MB)
This paper gives an overview of the geophysico-chemical groundwater conditions in Sri Lanka and the associated contemporary management challenges. Groundwater is extensively used in Sri Lanka today, for agriculture, domestic use and industry/tourism. Groundwater access, availability and vulnerability are governed by six major types of aquifer systems of which the most prevalent is the regolith aquifers in the central hard rock areas of the island. Uncontrolled groundwater use and contamination or natural poor quality are leading to access limitations and health concerns. The tsunami severely affected groundwater in the coastal areas and functioned as a wake-up call to further emphasize the importance of groundwater for life-supporting functions. Despite an emerging awareness, groundwater management is in its infancy, with the attitude of groundwater development still not converted into an approach of active management. The role of groundwater in achieving sustainable development and in the development of appropriate water management institutions needs to be highlighted and specifically addressed in policy discussions.
12 Pavelic, Paul; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Favreau, G.; Villholth, K. G.. 2011. Water balance approach for assessing potential for small-scale groundwater irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at the International Conference on Groundwater: Our Source of Security in an Uncertain Future, CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa, 19-21 September 2011. 12p.
Water balance ; Groundwater development ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water storage ; Small scale systems ; Rain ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Dry season ; Monitoring ; River basins ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Atankwidi basin / Iullemmeden basin / Southwestern Niger
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044349)
(0.22 MB)
Strategies for overcoming the lack of agricultural groundwater development over much of SSA are urgently needed. Expansion of small-scale groundwater irrigation offers an attractive option to smallholder farmers to overcome poor wet-season rainfall and enhance dry season production. This paper presents a simple, generic methodology that involves a set of type-curves to aid with decision making on the scope of opportunities for developing sustainable irrigation supplies, and to help understand how cropping choices influence the areal extent of irrigation. Guidance to avoid over-exploitation of the resource is also provided. The methodology was applied to two sites in West Africa with contrasting climate and subsurface conditions and at both sites there is potential for further groundwater development for irrigation whilst allowing provisions for other sectorial uses, including the environment.
13 Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) 2009. Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. 325p. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Hydrogeology ; River basins ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater irrigation ; Rural poverty ; Water governance ; Income ; Economic aspects ; Case studies ; Shallow tube wells ; Water availability ; Crop yield ; Energy resources ; Food security ; Water market ; Water use ; Tube well irrigation ; Pumps ; Fuels / South Asia / China / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Indo-Gangetic Basin / Yellow River Basin / Punjab / Bihar / West Bengal / Andhra Pradesh / North China Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK c2 Record No: H044999)
(0.67 MB)
14 Shu, Y.; Villholth, K. G.; Jensen, K. H.; Stisen, S.; Lei, Y. 2012. Integrated hydrological modeling of the North China Plain: options for sustainable groundwater use in the alluvial plain of Mt. Taihang. Journal of Hydrology, 464-465:79-93. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.048]
Water management ; Water balance ; Groundwater management ; Aquifers ; Pumping ; Hydrology ; Models ; Plains ; Evapotranspiration ; Cropping patterns ; Precipitation ; Calibration / China / North China Plain / Mount Taihang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045583)
(2.62 MB)
The integrated hydrological model MIKE SHE was applied to a part of the North China Plain to examine the dynamics of the hydrological system and to assess water management options to restore depleted groundwater resources. The model simulates the spatio-temporal distribution of recharge to and the associated dynamics of the alluvial aquifers based on climatic conditions, land use, soil characteristics, irrigation and coupled unsaturated-saturated zone processes. The model was auto-calibrated for the period 1996–2002 against daily observations of groundwater head from wells distributed across the 7230 km2 region and actual evapotranspiration measured at an agricultural station located within the model area. The model simulations compared well with observations and acceptable values were obtained for both root mean square error and correlation coef cient. The calibrated model was subsequently used for scenario analysis of the effect of different cropping rotations, irrigation intensity, and other water management options, like the implementation of the South to North Water Transfer (SNWT) project. The model analysis veri ed that groundwater tables in the region are subject to steep declines (up to 1 m/yr) due to decades of intensive exploitation of the groundwater resources for crop irrigation, primarily the widespread crop rotation of irrigated winter wheat and mostly rainfed summer maize. The SNWT project mitigates water stress in Shijiazhuang city and areas adjacent to wastewater canals but cannot solely reverse declining water tables across the region. Combining the SNWT project and implementing region-wide crop and irrigation system changes, including de cit irrigation, wastewater irrigation, and alternating winter fallow, provides a feasible means to stabilize groundwater levels in the area.
15 Pavelic, Paul; Villholth, K. G.; Verma, Shilp. (Eds.) 2023. Sustainable groundwater development for improved livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. 222p. (Routledge Special Issues on Water Policy and Governance)
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater potential ; Sustainability ; Livelihoods ; Water resources ; Water management ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Small-scale irrigation ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Pumps ; Wells ; Boreholes ; Water availability ; Water balance ; Water use ; Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Prediction ; Water table ; Groundwater extraction ; Water quality ; Hydrogeology ; Technology adoption ; Energy ; Institutions ; Water policies ; Water governance ; Gender ; Women ; Households ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Poverty ; Income ; Food security ; Land tenure ; Markets ; Investment ; Supply chains ; Cost benefit analysis ; Credit ; Financing ; Subsidies ; Evapotranspiration ; River basins ; Dry season ; Livestock / Africa South of Sahara / Burkina Faso / Ethiopia / Ghana / Kenya / Malawi / Mali / Mozambique / Niger / Nigeria / Rwanda / United Republic of Tanzania / Uganda / Zambia / Raya Valley / Kobo Valley / Dantiandou Valley / Volta River Basin / Iullemmeden Basin / Zalerigu / Sapeliga / Talensi-Nabdam District / Bawku West
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H052019)
(0.07 MB)
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