Your search found 49 records
1 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Oweis, T.; Karimi, Poolad; Porehemmat, J. 2009. Water productivity of irrigated wheat and maize in the Karkheh River Basin of Iran. Irrigation and Drainage, 59(3):264–276. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.481]
River basins ; Irrigation practices ; Groundwater irrigation ; Wheat ; Maize ; Crop production ; Crop yield ; Productivity / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H040615)
(0.21 MB)
Karkheh River Basin (KRB) is the third largest and most productive river basin of Iran. The major agricultural issue of KRB is low water use efficiencies. Farmers’ irrigation practices are aimed at maximizing crop production through excessive use of irrigation water resulting in huge water losses. As the opportunities for water resources development in KRB are very limited, improving the productivity of existing water resources is the most attractive option to produce more food for the increasing population. This paper analyzes water productivity of irrigated wheat and maize in the KRB. The results reveal that farmers having access to groundwater tend to apply higher irrigation amounts. Relatively higher crop yields in irrigated areas are also linked to higher nitrogen use, which can create serious problems of groundwater contamination in future. Due to excessive use of groundwater and fertilizer, production costs have increased resulting in low gross margins (farm incomes). The study suggests that increase in charges for surface water use removal of subsidies on electricity will discourage excessive use of water for agriculture. Furthermore, farmers should be trained to optimize irrigation water and fertilizer application in order to save scarce water resources and reduce production costs and increase farm returns. These steps are of great importance for ensuring sustainability of irrigated agriculture and to alleviate poverty in rural areas of KRB.
2 Heydari, N. 2007. Water and irrigation management in the water stressed Zayandeh-Rud and Karkheh River Basins, Islamic Republic of Iran. In Proceedings of the International Forum on Water Resources Management and Irrigation Modernization in Shanxi Province, China, Taiyuan and Yuncheng, Shanxi, China, 22-24 November 2006. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; Taiyuan City, China: Shanxi Water Resources Department. pp.111-128.
Irrigation management ; River basins ; Water availability ; Reservoirs ; Water allocation ; Planning / Iran / Zayandeh-Rud Basin / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G000 PRO Record No: H040902)
3 Masih, Ilyas; Uhlenbrook, S.; Ahmad, M. D.; Maskey, S. 2008. Regionalization of a conceptual rainfall runoff model based on similarity of the flow duration curve: a case study from Karkheh River Basin, Iran. [Abstract only]. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 10. 2p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041238)
Streamflow data is a prerequisite for planning and management of water resources. However, in many cases, observed streamflow data are not available or the records are too short or of insufficient quality. This undermines the informed planning and management of water resources at a specific site and as well as at the river basin scale. The study examines the possibility of simulating time series of streamflows for ungauged catchments based on hydrological similarity, using the mountainous, semiarid Karkheh river basin (55,000 km2, Iran) as an example. The main research question examined in this paper is whether or not the parameters of a hydrological model applied to gauged catchments can be successfully transferred for simulating streamflows in hydrologically similar ungauged catchments. In this study, the HBV model is applied to simulate daily streamflow with parameters transferred from gauged basin counterparts. Different similarity measures were reviewed and finally the approach based on the shape of the flow duration curve (FDC) was used. FDCs are frequently used for comparing the response of gauged catchments and for estimating hydrological indices for ungauged catchments, but their potential use for the regionalization of conceptual rainfall runoff models to ungauged catchments needs to be explored and is a subject of this paper. FDCs for ungauged basins are defined using developed regional regression relationships between the parameters of a logarithmic FDC model and physiographic catchment characteristics of eleven gauged catchments. The results suggest that the proposed method could be successfully applied for the estimation of ungauged streamflows in the mountainous parts of the Karkheh river basin. Then the estimated ungauged streamflows were used as an input to conduct water balance analysis of main river reaches of Karkheh river system. The utility of this information is demonstrated in closing the water balance, scenario analysis for surface water allocation and identification of river reaches where further hydrological investigations are crucial.
4 Qadir, Manzoor. 2008. ICARDA-IWMI Joint Program: marginal-quality water resources and salt-affected soils: program update, October 2003 - March 2008. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). 15p.
Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Wheat ; Vegetables / Central Asia / Syria / Uzbekistan / Kazakhstan / Iran / Pakistan / Turkey / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G570 QAD Record No: H041253)
5 Gamage, M. S. D. Nilantha; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Karimi, Poolad. 2007. Estimating cropped area and yield using time series of MODIS imagery based vegetation index in Gamasiab Sub-Basin of Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Sri Lanka Journal of Geo-Informatics, 4: 39-55.
Crop yield ; Wheat ; Vegetation index ; Remote sensing ; Models ; Time series ; River basins / Iran / Karkheh River Basin / Gamasiab Sub Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G690 GAM Record No: H041435)
6 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2008. Mapping basin level water productivity using remote sensing and secondary data in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Paper presented at the 13th IWRA World Water Congress on Global Changes and Water Resources, "Confronting the expanding and diversifying pressures", Montpellier, France, 1-4 September 2008. 13p.
Water productivity ; Evapotranspiration ; Mapping ; River basins ; Farming systems / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.9162 G690 AHM Record No: H041537)
Water productivity (WP) mapping is essential to evaluate the performance of current water use at the river basin scale. WP mapping is also essential to identify opportunities to improve the net gain from water by either increasing the productivity for a given consumption of water or reducing consumption without decreasing production. This requires the computation of all benefits and overall water use at a similar spatial domain. Generally the secondary data related to agricultural, livestock and poultry production are managed at administrative district level, whereas hydrological data are collected at sub-watershed scale. This scale difference, hinders estimation at hydrological scales such as sub-catchment to river basin. Due to these limitations, estimates of WP beyond field and farm scale usually do not exist, as is the case of the Karkheh River basin of Iran. To address these issues, in this paper we demonstrate an approach to estimate WP at different scales using a range of datasets. To understand the productivity gaps within and between sub-basins of the Karkheh Basin, we assessed land and water productivity for major crops using a questionnaire survey of 298 farmers. The farm-level land and water productivity in irrigated areas was considerably higher than in rainfed areas. The yield of irrigated wheat and its WP, in terms of yield per unit of gross inflow, averaged 3320±1510 kg/ha and 0.55±0.20 kg/m3, whereas the corresponding values for rainfed wheat were 1460±580 kg/ha and 0.46±0.22 kg/m.For analysis from sub-catchment to basin scale, we assessed economic WP, in terms of gross value of production per unit of actual evapotranspiration, for all agricultural enterprises including rainfed and irrigated agriculture, livestock production and overall vegetation production using remote sensing data and routine secondary data/agricultural statistics. The sub-catchment estimates show that the water productivity variability is quite high: 0.027-0.071 $/m3 and 0.120-0.524 $/m3 for rainfed and irrigated systems respectively. Inclusion of livestock changes both the magnitude and patterns of overall water productivity and in doing so highlights the importance of fully accounting for all components in agricultural production systems. The WP mapping exercise presented in this paper identified both bright- and hot-spots for helping policy makers and managers to target better resource (re)allocation and measures to enhance productivity in the Karkheh Basin. The approach is applicable to other river basins.
7 Masih, Ilyas; Uhelnbrook, S.; Maskey, S.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul. 2008. Estimating ungauged stream flows based on model regionalization: examples from the mountainous, semi-arid Karkheh River Basin, Iran. In Brhuthans J.; Kovar, K.; Hrkal, Z. (Eds.). HydroPredict 2008 Conference on Predictions for Hydrology, Ecology, and Water Resources Management: Using Data and Models to Benefit Society, Prague, Czech Republic, 15-18 September 2008. pp 7-10.
River basins ; Stream flow ; Time series analysis ; Simulation models ; Calibration ; Runoff ; Catchment areas ; Water resource management / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 551.483 G690 MAS Record No: H041587)
The study examines the possibility of simulating time series of stream flows for ungauged catchments based on hydrological similarity. As an example the mountainous, semiarid Karkheh river basin (50,764 km2) of Iran is presented. The frequently applied HBV model was applied to simulate daily stream flow with parameters transferred from gauged catchment counterparts. Hydrological similarity is defined based on three similarity measures: geographical area, spatial proximity and shape of the flow duration curve (FDC). FDCs for the ungauged catchments were predicted using logarithmic relationship derived from physiographic characteristics of eleven gauged catchments. The study shows that transferring HBV model parameters based on the FDC similarity criterion produces better runoff simulation compared to the similarity criteria based on catchment area and geographical proximity. The validation of the catchment similarity analysis using the FDC on monthly and daily flow simulation resulted in mean Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency, Reff, of 0.70 and 0.57, respectively. The study concludes that the methods of utilizing FDCs could be applied for estimating ungauged stream flows in the mountainous parts of the Karkheh river basin and source area of other major rivers in that region (e.g. Dez, Karun and Zayandeh Rud).
8 Masih, Ilyas; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Uhlenbrook, S.; Turral, Hugh; Karimi, Poolad. 2009. Analysing streamflow variability and water allocation for sustainable management of water resources in the semi-arid Karkheh river basin, Iran. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 34(4-5):329-340. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2008.09.006]
River basins ; Surface water ; Assessment ; Stream flow ; Analysis ; Water allocation ; Water accounting / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041662)
(0.84 MB)
This study provides a comprehensive spatio-temporal assessment of the surface water resources of the semi-arid Karkheh basin, Iran, and consequently enables decision makers to work towards a sustainable water development in that region. The analysis is based on the examination of statistical parameters, flow duration characteristics, base flow separation and trend analysis for which data of seven key gauging stations were used for the period of 1961–2001. Additionally, basin level water accounting was carried out for the water year 1993–94. The study shows that observed daily, monthly and annual streamflows are highly variable in space and time within the basin. The streamflows have not been changed significantly at annual scale, but few months have shown significant trends, most notably a decline during May and June and an increase during December and March. The major causes were related to changes in climate, land use and reservoir operations. The study concludes that the water allocations to different sectors were lower than the totally available resources during the study period. However, looking at the high variability of streamflows, changes in climate and land use and ongoing water resources development planning, it will be extremely difficult to meet the demands of all sectors in the future, particularly during dry years.
9 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Bos, M. G.; Rientjes, T. H. M. 2008. Surface energy balance modeling to track water consumption by heterogeneous land uses in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.1. Keynotes; Cross-cutting topics. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.101-104.
River basin management ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Satellite surveys ; Evapotranspiration ; Water balance ; Precipitation ; Water productivity / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041784)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1044
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041784.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041784.pdf
10 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2008. Water productivity mapping to identify opportunities to improve agricultural water management in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.1. Keynotes; Cross-cutting topics. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.119-122.
River basin management ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Evapotranspiration / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041785)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1042
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041785.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041785.pdf
11 Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, Francis; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S.; Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.) 2008. Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.4. Project posters by phase 1 projects of the Challenge Program on Water and Food. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. 40p.
River basin development ; Water resource management ; Water productivity ; Soil management ; Salinity ; Crop management ; Agroforestry ; Collective action ; Models ; Wetlands ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Livestock ; Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Groundwater ; Water governance ; Poverty ; Climate change ; Water allocation ; Rice / Africa / Ethiopia / Asia / South East Asia / Iran / Vietnam / Bangladesh / Nepal / Colombia / Volta River Basin / Indo-Gangetic River Basin / Nile River Basin / Karkheh River Basin / Mekong River Basin / Red River Basin / Yellow River Basin / Andes
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041792)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3709/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20IV.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041792.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041792.pdf
(6.85 MB)
12 Ranjbar, G. H.; Cheraghi, S. A. M.; Anagholi, A.; Ayene, G. L.; Rahimian, M. H.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2008. Introduction of salt-tolerant wheat, barley, and sorghum varieties in saline areas of the Karkheh River Basin. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.2. Increasing rainwater productivity; Multi-purpose water systems. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.190-193.
Crop production ; Wheat ; Barley ; Sorghum ; Soil salinity ; Fodder ; Water productivity ; River basins / Iran / Karkheh River Basin / Khuzestan Province / Dasht-e-Azadegan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041821)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1117
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041821.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041821.pdf
13 Masih, Ilyas; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Uhlenbrook, S.; Turral, Hugh; Karimi, Poolad. 2008. Overview of streamflow variability and water accounts for the Karkheh Basin, Iran. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.3. Water benefits sharing for poverty alleviation and conflict management; Drivers and processes of change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.32-37.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041850)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3708/IFWF2_proceedings_Volume%20III.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041850.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041850.pdf
(0.27 MB)
14 Absalan, S.; Heydari, N.; Abbasi, F.; Farahani, H.; Qadir, Manzoor; Siadat, H.; T. Oweis. 2008. Determination and evaluation of water productivity in the salt-prone areas of Lower KRB, Iran. In Farahani, H.; Oweis, T.; Siadat, H.; Abbasi, F.; Bruggeman, A.; Anthofer, J.; Turkelboom, F. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Improving Water Productivity and Livelihood Resilience in Karkheh River Basin in Iran, Karaj, Iran, 10-11 September 2007. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA) pp.88-95.
Water productivity ; Soil salinity ; Waterlogging ; Evaluation ; River basins ; Crop production ; Irrigated farming ; Water use efficiency / Iran / Karkheh River Basin / Dasht-e Azadegan Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041865)
https://apps.icarda.org/wsInternet/wsInternet.asmx/DownloadFileToLocal?filePath=Water_management_series/KRB_report_series/Improving_on-farm_agricultural.pdf&fileName=Improving_on-farm_agricultural.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041865.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041865.pdf
(0.20 MB) (3.50 MB)
15 Absalan, S.; Dehghan, E.; Abbasi, F.; Heydari, N.; Farahani, H.; Qadir, Manzoor; Javadi, A.; Siadat, H.; Oweis, T. 2008. Evaluation of the best management practices for improving water productivity in the salt-prone areas of lower KRB. In Farahani, H.; Oweis, T.; Siadat, H.; Abbasi, F.; Bruggeman, A.; Anthofer, J.; Turkelboom, F. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Improving Water Productivity and Livelihood Resilience in Karkheh River Basin in Iran, Karaj, Iran, 10-11 September 2007. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Area (ICARDA) pp.96-102.
River basins ; Water productivity ; Soil salinity ; Waterlogging ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Border irrigation ; Irrigation methods ; Basin irrigation / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041866)
https://apps.icarda.org/wsInternet/wsInternet.asmx/DownloadFileToLocal?filePath=Water_management_series/KRB_report_series/Improving_on-farm_agricultural.pdf&fileName=Improving_on-farm_agricultural.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041866.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041866.pdf
(0.11 MB) (3.50 MB)
16 Farahani, H.; Oweis, T.; Siadat, H.; Abbasi, F.; Bruggeman, A.; Anthofer, J.; Turkelboom, F. (Eds.) 2007. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Improving Water Productivity and Livelihood Resilience in Karkheh River Basin, Karaj, Iran, 10-11 September 2007. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) 169p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041918)
(3.00 MB)
17 Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Islam, Aminul; Masih, Ilyas; Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Karimi, Poolad; Turral, Hugh. 2009. Mapping basin-level water productivity using remote sensing and secondary data in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Water International, 34(1):119-133. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060802663903]
River basins ; Water productivity ; Mapping ; Remote sensing ; Livestock ; Crop production ; Plant water relations ; Water allocation ; Climate ; Catchment areas ; Water use ; Evapotranspiration ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042128)
18 Qadir, Manzoor. 2009. Turning environmental burdens into economic opportunities. ICARDA-IWMI Joint Program - Marginal-quality Water Resources and Salt-affected Soils, program update, October 2003 - March 2009. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). 19p.
Water scarcity ; Water shortage ; Water quality ; Soil salinity ; Water resource management ; Irrigated farming ; Zero tillage ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water reuse ; Groundwater irrigation ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Soil degradation ; Water productivity ; Livestock ; Development projects / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Turkmenistan / Kazakhstan / Mediterranean countries / Middle East / Syria / Karkheh River Basin / Euphrates-Aleppo Basin / Qweik River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 QAD Record No: H042133)
http://www.icarda.org/docrep/Brochures/Turning_environmental.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042133.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042133.pdf
(1.42 MB)
19 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Bos, M. G.; Rientjes, T. H. M. 2010. Assessment of water availability and consumption in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran using remote sensing and geo-statistics. Water Resources Management, 24(3):459-484. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-009-9455-9]
Water availability ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; River Basins ; Remote sensing ; Water balance ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Land use / Iran / Karkheh River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042158)
(0.91 MB)
This study was conducted to assess water availability and consumption in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using secondary data and freely available satellite data. Precipitation was estimated using geo-statistical techniques while a Surface Energy Balance approach was selected for evapotranspiration estimation. The spatial distribution of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for the Karkheh Basin has been estimated by use of 19 cloud free Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, which cover a complete cropping year from November 2002 to October 2003. ETa estimates were compared to potential crop evapotranspiration (ETp) estimates for two predominantly irrigated wheat areas in Upper and Lower Karkheh. Differences were found to be 12.5% and 11.7% respectively. Results of the ETa and precipitation estimates reveal that for the study period, the Karkheh Basin received 18,507 × 106m3 as precipitation while ETa is estimated at 16,680 × 106m3. Estimated outflow from the basin for the study period only is 7.8% of the precipitation and indicates that water is a very scarce resource in the Karkheh basin. The basin has been divided in sub-basins to allow for more detailed analysis and results indicate that water balance closure at sub-basin scale ranges from 7.2% to 0.6% of the precipitation. This suggests that the water balance is sufficiently understood for policy and decision making.
20 Muthuwatta, Lal P.; Booij, M. J.; Rientjes, T. H. M.; Bos, M. G.; Gieske, A. S. M.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din. 2009. Calibration of a semi-distributed hydrological model using discharge and remote sensing data. In Yilmaz, K. K.; Yucel, I.; Gupta, H. V.; Wagener, T.; Yang, D.; Savenije, H.; Neale, C.; Kunstmann, H.; Pomeroy, J. (Eds.). New approaches to hydrological prediction in data-sparse regions: proceedings of Symposium HS.2 at the Joint Convention of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), Hyderabad, India, 6–12 September 2009. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). pp.52-58. (IAHS Publication 333)
Hydrology ; Models ; Calibration ; Stream flow ; Evapotranspiration ; Simulation ; Discharges ; Remote sensing ; Rivers ; Catchment areas ; Time series analysis / Iran / Karkheh River Basin / Hoor-Al-Azim swamp
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G000 YIL Record No: H042296)
(0.12 MB)
The objective of this study is to present an approach to calibrate a semi-distributed hydrological model using observed streamflow data and actual evapotranspiration time series estimates based on remote sensing data. First, daily actual evapotranspiration is estimated using available MODIS satellite data, routinely collected meteorological data and applying the SEBS algorithm. Second, the semi-distributed hydrological model HBV is calibrated and validated using the estimated evapotranspiration and observed discharge. This is done for multiple sub-basins of the Karkheh River basin in Iran. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) is calculated for each sub-basin. Maximum and minimum NS values for the calibration using observed discharge are 0.81 and 0.23, respectively, and using estimated evapotranspiration 0.61 and 0.46, respectively. The comparison of model simulations with multiple observed variables increases the probability of selecting a parameter set that represents the actual hydrological situation of the basin. The new calibration approach can be useful for further applications especially in data sparse river basins.
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