Your search found 19 records
1 Bhattarai, M.; Pant, Dhruba; Molden, David. 2005. Socio-economics and hydrological impacts of Melamchi Intersectoral and Interbasin Water Transfer Project, Nepal. Water Policy, 7(2):163-180.
Water supply ; Hydrology ; Water transfer ; Contracts ; Compensation ; Development projects ; Benefits ; River basins ; Drinking water / Nepal / Katmandu
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037295)
2 Wende, W.; Herberg, A.; Herzberg, A. 2005. Mitigation banking and compensation pools: Improving the effectiveness of impact mitigation regulation in project planning procedure. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 23(2):101-111.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7383 Record No: H037277)
3 Pant, Dhruba; Bhattarai, M.; Basnet, G. 2008. Implications of bulk water transfer on local water management institutions: a case study of the Melamchi Water Supply Project in Nepal. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 27p. (CAPRi Working Paper 78)
Water supply ; Development projects ; River basins ; Drinking water ; Water transfer ; Water rights ; Legislation ; Institutions ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Compensation ; Case studies / Nepal / Kathmandu Valley / Melamchi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041304)
To mitigate a drinking water crisis in Kathmandu valley, the Government of Nepal initiated the Melamchi Water Supply Project in 1997, which will divert water from the Melamchi River to Kathmandu city’s water supply network. In the first phase, the Project will divert 170,000 cubic meters of water per day (at the rate of 1.97M3/sec), which will be tripled using the same infrastructure as city water demand increases in the future. The large scale transfer of water would have far reaching implications in both water supplying and receiving basins. This paper analyzes some of the major changes related to local water management and socioeconomics brought about by the Project and in particular the changes in the local water management institutions in the Melamchi basin. Our study shows that traditional informal water management institutions were effective in regulating present water use practices in the water supplying basin, but the situation will vastly change because of the scale of water transfer, and power inequity between the organized public sector on one side and dispersed and unorganized marginal water users on the other. The small scale of water usage and multiple informal arrangements at the local level have made it difficult for the local users and institutions to collectively bargain and negotiate with the central water transfer authority for a fair share of project benefits and compensation for the losses imposed on them. The process and scale of project compensation for economic losses and equity over resource use are at the heart of the concerns and debates about the Melamchi water transfer decision. The Project has planned for a one- time compensation package of about US$18 million for development infrastructure related investments and is planning to share about one percent of revenue generated from water use in the city with the supplying basin. The main issues here are what forms of water sharing governance, compensation packages, and water rights structures would emerge in relation to the project implementation and whether they are socially acceptable ensuring equitable distribution of the project benefits to all basin communities. In addition, these issues of the Melamchi project discussed in this paper are equally pertinent to other places where rural to urban water transfer projects are under discussion.
4 Raschid Sally, Liqa; Twum-Korangteng, R.; Akoto-Danso, Edmund Kyei. 2008. Bringing research findings on dams closer to the people: proceedings of the Second Ghana Dams Forum and Workshop on the Impact of Climate Change on the Bui Hydropower Project, Accra, Ghana, 26-27 February 2008. Final proceeding. Accra, Ghana: National Coordinating Committee (NCC) of the Ghana Dams Dialogue; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Accra, Ghana: Volta Basin Development Foundation. 81p.
Dams ; Development projects ; Water power ; Electricity supplies ; Social aspects ; Compensation ; Social participation ; River basins ; Environmental effects ; Climate change ; Reservoir operation ; Water allocation ; Policy ; Capacity building / Ghana / Bui Dam Project / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041906)
http://westafrica.iwmi.org/Data/Sites/17/Documents/PDFs/Proceedings_2nd_Dams_Forum.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H041906.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/PDF/H041906.pdf
(2.23 MB) (2.23MB)
5 Raschid-Sally, Liqa. 2008. Research, development and capacity building for dams sustainability: the Bui Dam Project. In Raschid Sally, LiqaTwum-Korangteng, R.Akoto-Danso, Edmund Kyei. Bringing research findings on dams closer to the people: proceedings of the Second Ghana Dams Forum and Workshop on the Impact of Climate Change on the Bui Hydropower Project, Accra, Ghana, 26-27 February 2008. Final proceeding. Accra, Ghana: National Coordinating Committee (NCC) of the Ghana Dams Dialogue; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Accra, Ghana: Volta Basin Development Foundation. pp.18-24.
Dams ; Reservoirs ; Development projects ; Water power ; Electrical energy ; Electricity supplies ; Environmental impact assessment ; Social impact ; Compensation ; Institutions ; Capacity building / Ghana / Bui Dam Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041907)
http://westafrica.iwmi.org/Data/Sites/17/Documents/PDFs/Proceedings_2nd_Dams_Forum.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041907.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041907.pdf
(2.23MB)
6 National Dialogue on Dams and Development in Ghana. 2007. First Ghana Dams Forum, "Using dams for development: institutionalising the multi-stakeholder process in Ghana," Accra, Ghana, 4 September 2007. Accra, Ghana: National Dialogue on Dams and Development in Ghana; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 41p.
Dams ; Development projects ; Environmental effects ; Social participation ; Living conditions ; Resettlement ; Compensation / Ghana / Volta Hydropower Project / Akosombo Dam / Kpong Dam / Bui Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041908)
(3.24 MB)
7 Sayatham, M.; Suhardiman, Diana. 2015. Hydropower resettlement and livelihood adaptation: the Nam Mang 3 Project in Laos. Water Resources and Rural Development, 5:17-30. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2015.01.001]
Water power ; Economic development ; Living standards ; Reconstruction ; Compensation ; Households ; Income ; Development projects ; Environmental impact ; Natural resources ; Dams ; Villages ; Fisheries ; Agriculture ; Land use ; Food security ; Case studies / South East Asia / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Nam Ngum Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046867)
(1.87 MB)
Mekong hydropower is developing rapidly. Laos is at the forefront of this development. While hydropower development supports the country’s economic growth, many observers have highlighted the potential negative impacts for people’s livelihoods. Taking the Nam Mang 3 hydropower project as a case study, we examine the impacts of hydropower development on farming households of differing livelihood assets and resources, and how they have responded to these impacts. Linking livelihood asset substitution with livelihood outcomes, we examine factors constraining livelihood adaptation and how these shape rural households’ strategies to cope with socioeconomic and environmental impacts from hydropower development. We conclude that while asset substitution generally can improve people’s livelihoods, access to land continues to play an important role in the process of livelihood reconstruction and the shaping of livelihood outcomes.
8 Obour, P. B.; Owusu, K.; Agyeman, E. A.; Ahenkan, A.; Madrid, A. N. 2016. The impacts of dams on local livelihoods: a study of the Bui Hydroelectric Project in Ghana. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(2):286-300. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1022892]
Dam construction ; Living standards ; Water power ; Development projects ; Communities ; Households ; Resettlement ; Compensation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Fisheries ; Farmland ; Case studies / Ghana / Bui Hydroelectric Project
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047476)
(0.50 MB)
The construction of the Bui Dam was expected to boost socio-economic development in Ghana. This article examines the impacts of the project on the livelihoods of the local people. Data were collected using a mixed-research approach and a case-study design. The study finds that, while there have been significant improvements with respect to resettlement and compensation issues as compared to the earlier dam projects in Ghana, there are still some shortfalls. It is recommended that agriculture be improved by providing extension services and inputs to improve food security and the economic status of the local people.
9 Sinare, H.; Gordon, L. J.; Kautsky, E. E. 2016. Assessment of ecosystem services and benefits in village landscapes – a case study from Burkina Faso. Ecosystem Services, 21(Part A):141-152. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.08.004]
Ecosystem services ; Agricultural landscape ; Crop yield ; Compensation ; Small scale farming ; Smallholders ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Participatory approaches ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Villages ; Spatial distribution ; Case studies / Sahel / Burkina Faso / Boursouma / Oula / Reko / Lebda / Koalma / Zarin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047869)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041616302170/pdfft?md5=aa435fe7e4a089aac54b0eb3d1770afc&pid=1-s2.0-S2212041616302170-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047869.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047869.pdf
(4.49 MB) (4.48 MB)
Most methods to assess ecosystem services have been developed on large scales and depend on secondary data. Such data is scarce in rural areas with widespread poverty. Nevertheless, the population in these areas strongly depends on local ecosystem services for their livelihoods. These regions are in focus for substantial landscape investments that aim to alleviate poverty, but current methods fail to capture the vast range of ecosystem services supporting livelihoods, and can therefore not properly assess potential trade-offs and synergies among services that might arise from the interventions. We present a new method for classifying village landscapes into social-ecological patches (landscape units corresponding to local landscape perceptions), and for assessing provisioning ecosystem services and benefits to livelihoods from these patches. We apply the method, which include a range of participatory activities and satellite image analysis, in six villages across two regions in Burkina Faso. The results show significant and diverse contributions to livelihoods from six out of seven social-ecological patches. The results also show how provisioning ecosystem services, primarily used for subsistence, become more important sources of income during years when crops fail. The method is useful in many data poor regions, and the patch-approach allows for extrapolation across larger spatial scales with similar social-ecological systems.
10 Suhardiman, Diana; Karki, Emma. 2019. Spatial politics and local alliances shaping Nepal hydropower. World Development, 122:525-536. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.022]
Hydropower ; Development projects ; Decision making ; Political aspects ; Local communities ; Alliances ; Private sector ; Governing bodies ; Strategies ; Electricity ; Dams ; Downstream ; Upstream ; Villages ; Land acquisitions ; Compensation ; Social aspects ; Case studies / Nepal / Upper Karnali Hydropower Project / Karnali River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049234)
(0.87 MB)
This paper investigates the spatial dimension of power relations and the shaping of local alliances through a hydropower development project in Nepal. It provides a grass-roots illustration on the role of space in shaping and reshaping power relations, and how it manifests in the formation of local strategic alliances. Taking the Upper Karnali hydropower project as a case study, the paper highlights: 1) the role of private sector actor as an ad-hoc decision maker in hydropower development in the country; 2) how hydropower development is perceived by those who will be most affected; and 3) how the two shape the localized dynamics in hydropower decision making, while also sheds light on some of the key gaps in hydropower decision-making landscape and processes. Viewing space as a process and a product of socio-political interface, it shows how local communities living along the Karnali River view the planned hydropower project differently, how these views are rooted in their relationship with the hydropower company, and how such relationship is predetermined by local communities’ bargaining power in relation to the proximity of their respective villages to the planned hydropower dam site, and vice versa. Unpacking the power relations shaping and reshaping spatial politics in hydropower decision making, it presents the concept of spatial alliances as a theoretical underpinning to unpack the question on why and how power relations emerge, are sustained and reproduced.
11 Garrick, D.; De Stefano, L.; Yu, Winston; Jorgensen, I.; O’Donnell, E.; Turley, L.; Aguilar-Barajas, I.; Dai, X.; de Souza Leao, R.; Punjabi, B.; Schreiner, B.; Svensson, J.; Wight, C. 2019. Rural water for thirsty cities: a systematic review of water reallocation from rural to urban regions. Environmental Research Letters, 14(4):043003. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0db7]
Water allocation ; Water supply ; Rural communities ; Urbanization ; Access and benefit-sharing ; Transfer of waters ; Projects ; Water demand ; Water rights ; Water use ; Rural urban relations ; Conflicts ; Compensation ; Water policy ; Decision making
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049531)
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0db7/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049531.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049531.pdf
(2.10 MB) (2.10 MB)
Background: Competition for freshwater between cities and agriculture is projected to grow due to rapid urbanization, particularly in the Global South. Water reallocation from rural to urban regions has become a common strategy to meet freshwater needs in growing cities. Conceptual issues and associated measurement problems have impeded efforts to compare and learn from global experiences. This review examines the status and trends of water reallocation from rural to urban regions based on academic literature and policy documents.
Methods: We conduct a systematic literature review to establish the global reallocation database (GRaD). This process yielded 97 published studies (academic and policy) on rural-to-urban reallocation. We introduce the concept of reallocation ‘dyads’ as the unit of analysis to describe the pair of a recipient (urban) and donor (rural) region. A coding framework was developed iteratively to classify the drivers, processes and outcomes of water reallocation from a political economy perspective.
Results: The systematic review identified 69 urban agglomerations receiving water through 103 reallocation projects (dyads). Together these reallocation dyads involve approximately 16 billion m3 of water per year moving almost 13 000 kilometres to urban recipient regions with an estimated 2015 population of 383 million. Documented water reallocation dyads are concentrated in North America and Asia with the latter constituting the majority of dyads implemented since 2000.
Synthesis: The analysis illustrates how supply and demand interact to drive water reallocation projects, which can take many forms, although collective negotiation and administrative decisions are most prevalent. Yet it also reveals potential biases and gaps in coverage for parts of the Global South (particularly in South America and Africa), where reallocation (a) can involve informal processes that are difficult to track and (b) receives limited coverage by the English-language literature covered by the review. Data regarding the impacts on the donor region and compensation are also limited, constraining evidence to assess whether a water reallocation project is truly effective, equitable and sustainable. We identify frameworks and metrics for assessing reallocation projects and navigating the associated trade-offs by drawing on the concept of benefit sharing.
Methods: We conduct a systematic literature review to establish the global reallocation database (GRaD). This process yielded 97 published studies (academic and policy) on rural-to-urban reallocation. We introduce the concept of reallocation ‘dyads’ as the unit of analysis to describe the pair of a recipient (urban) and donor (rural) region. A coding framework was developed iteratively to classify the drivers, processes and outcomes of water reallocation from a political economy perspective.
Results: The systematic review identified 69 urban agglomerations receiving water through 103 reallocation projects (dyads). Together these reallocation dyads involve approximately 16 billion m3 of water per year moving almost 13 000 kilometres to urban recipient regions with an estimated 2015 population of 383 million. Documented water reallocation dyads are concentrated in North America and Asia with the latter constituting the majority of dyads implemented since 2000.
Synthesis: The analysis illustrates how supply and demand interact to drive water reallocation projects, which can take many forms, although collective negotiation and administrative decisions are most prevalent. Yet it also reveals potential biases and gaps in coverage for parts of the Global South (particularly in South America and Africa), where reallocation (a) can involve informal processes that are difficult to track and (b) receives limited coverage by the English-language literature covered by the review. Data regarding the impacts on the donor region and compensation are also limited, constraining evidence to assess whether a water reallocation project is truly effective, equitable and sustainable. We identify frameworks and metrics for assessing reallocation projects and navigating the associated trade-offs by drawing on the concept of benefit sharing.
12 Suhardiman, Diana; Rigg, J. 2021. Aspirations undone: hydropower and the (re) shaping of livelihood pathways in northern Laos. Agriculture and Human Values, 38(4):963-973. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-021-10203-3]
Hydropower ; Planning ; Resettlement ; Livelihoods ; Compensation ; Rules ; Procedures ; Farming systems ; Strategies ; Decision making ; Dam construction ; Institutions ; Rural areas ; Households ; Villages ; Upland crops / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Pak Beng Hydropower Project / Khamkong / Thongngam / Mekong River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050311)
(0.73 MB)
This paper looks at how local livelihoods and to a certain extent their transitions are embedded in, and in thrall to, power relations at higher levels. Placing the (re)shaping of livelihood pathways within the context of top-down hydropower planning, it shows how the latter predetermines farm households’ current farming strategies and future livelihood pathways. Taking two villages along the Mekong River, both of which are to be impacted by the planned Pak Beng hydropower dam in Pak Beng district, Oudomxay province, the paper illustrates how the pathways that rural livelihoods are taking in northern Laos are being shaped by decisions and processes embedded in national and regional exigencies. We argue that top-down approaches in hydropower planning, as manifested in the current institutional vacuum to formally deal with resettlement and compensation issues at the village level result in village authorities’ and potentially affected villagers’ inability to strategically convey and negotiate their views and concerns. Moreover, we reveal how it is the specter of change which drives livelihood adaptation, not change itself, thus illustrating how the defined compensation rules and procedures (re)shape farm households’ farming strategies and future livelihood pathways even prior to the construction of the hydropower dam.
13 Xu, J.; Xiao, Y.; Xie, G.; Liu, J.; Qin, K.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Lei, G. 2021. How to coordinate cross-regional water resource relationship by integrating water supply services flow and interregional ecological compensation. Ecological Indicators, 126:107595. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107595]
Water resources ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Ecosystem services ; Ecological factors ; Compensation ; Policies ; River basins ; Water use ; Socioeconomic aspects / China / Ningxia / Yellow River Basin / Hexi Inland River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050386)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21002600/pdfft?md5=16b552b364ddaf44a1064979487a2ea0&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X21002600-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050386.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050386.pdf
(18.80 MB) (18.8 MB)
Ecosystem service (ES) flow reveals the transregional benefits transferred from service supply areas (SSAs) to service benefiting areas (SBAs), which correspond to the sellers and buyers of interregional ecological compensation, respectively. However, current ecological compensation policies usually ignore this close connection. This study took the water supply services (WSSs) with the most obvious flow characteristics as an example and established a universal framework for interregional ecological compensation by combining WSSs flow simulation and regional disparity. The simulation process was programmed with Interactive Data Language (IDL) and analyzed with ArcGIS. Most regions serve as a dual role in the WSSs flow process, the water suppliers and users are relative and scale-dependent. Taking Ningxia as an example, As water benefiting areas (WBAs)/buyers, the total material inflow to Ningxia was 135.86 × 108 ~ 294.22 × 108 m3 from 2000 to 2015 and the value inflow ranged from 1077.39 × 108 ~ 2333.16 × 108 CNY, requiring 101.64 × 108 ~ 293.51 × 108 CNY ecological compensation paid by Ningxia. As water supply areas (WSAs)/sellers, the total material outflow from Ningxia was 72.83 × 108 ~ 200.46 × 108 m3 from 2000 to 2015, and the value outflow was between 577.54 × 108 CNY and 1589.65 × 108 CNY, requiring 63.80 × 108 ~ 112.34 × 108 CNY of ecological compensation to be paid by the downstream basins, especially the Shizuishan – Hekou Town subbasin. Overall, Ningxia was a beneficiary area of WSSs flow and the payers of interregional ecological compensation, with a net payment amount of 37.84 × 108 ~ 181.16 × 108 CNY. This study provides a direct spatial-visualized reference to water resource management for policy-makers and promotes the integration of ES flow and interregional ecological compensation. Furthermore, it can improve the public recognition of interregional ecological compensation with the spatial mapping of the levy and allocation and conducive to the sustainable provisioning of ESs ultimately.
14 Suhardiman, Diana; DiCarlo, J.; Keovilignavong, Oulavanh; Rigg, J.; Nicol, Alan. 2021. (Re)constructing state power and livelihoods through the Laos-China railway project. Geoforum, 124:79-88. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.06.003]
Railways ; Development projects ; Land valuation ; Compensation ; Strategies ; Central government ; Livelihoods ; Transport infrastructure ; Large scale systems ; Political aspects ; Rules ; Procedures ; Government agencies ; Villages ; Households ; Social aspects / Lao People's Democratic Republic / China / Luang Prabang / Chomphet / Naxang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050490)
(3.14 MB)
This paper examines the governance and implementation of land compensation for the Laos-China Railway (LCR). It brings to light the central government’s strategy to use compensation rules and procedures as its means to extend its spatial power across the provinces, districts, and villages that are affected by the railway construction. We examine both the manifestations and effects of state power through the formulation and implementation of land compensation procedures. Taking Naxang village in Chomphet district, Luang Prabang province, in Laos as a case, the paper highlights: 1) how centralized compensation rules and procedures serve as a means for the central government to expand its power; 2) how power relations between central-provincial-district governments (re)shaped the actual project implementation especially pertaining to compensation valuation and payment; and 3) implications for smallholder livelihood options and strategies.
15 Amarnath, Giriraj; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Taron, Avinandan. 2021. Scaling up Index-based Flood Insurance (IBFI) for agricultural resilience and flood-proofing livelihoods in developing countries. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 68p. (IWMI Research Report 180) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.213]
Flooding ; Resilience ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Livelihoods ; Developing countries ; Scaling ; Disaster risk management ; Risk transfer ; Business models ; Product development ; Marketing ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; State intervention ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Awareness raising ; Climate change ; Satellite observation ; Rivers ; Rain ; Flood damage ; Crop losses ; Compensation ; Subsidies ; Legal aspects ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Drought ; Case studies / India / Kenya / Rwanda / United Republic of Tanzania / Malawi / Ethiopia / Senegal / Zambia / Thailand / Brazil / Mexico / Mongolia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050608)
(3.14 MB)
This research report presents the first comprehensive framework of business models in terms of developing, marketing and scaling Index-based flood insurance (IBFI). The report evaluated ten case studies on agricultural insurance schemes (macro, meso and micro levels), globally, to develop public-private partnership business models for creating value (product development) and capturing value (product marketing). This report highlights four broad groups of interrelated factors that influence the uptake and scaling of agricultural insurance: (i) behavioral factors that influence farmers’ enthusiasm to invest in insurance; (ii) financial factors that stipulate governments’ willingness to provide financial support; (iii) legal and regulatory factors, which set ground rules for fair business and govern their adherence by stakeholders; and (iv) facilitating factors, including product design and development, business models, research and development, data availability, and awareness creation, which help ensure an efficient supply of insurance services. In summary, the report highlights the need for designing innovative IBFI and its potential benefits for uptake, and efforts for implementing IBFI as a potential risk transfer tool for comprehensive climate risk management among small-scale and marginal farmers.
16 Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh; Amarnath, Giriraj. 2021. Economics of Index-based Flood Insurance (IBFI): scenario analysis and stakeholder perspectives from South Asia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 34p. (IWMI Working Paper 199) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.228]
Flooding ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Economic analysis ; Stakeholders ; Disaster risk management ; Farmers ; State intervention ; Flood damage ; Crop losses ; Compensation ; Subsidies ; Insurance premiums ; Cost benefit analysis ; Economic viability ; Sustainability ; Villages ; Remote sensing ; Datasets ; Models ; Developing countries ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Bihar / Katihar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050736)
(1.32 MB)
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has recently developed an innovative Index-based Flood Insurance (IBFI) product to facilitate the scaling of flood insurance particularly in vulnerable economies, to provide risk cover to poor farmers against crop losses that occur due to floods. While the product developed is technically very sound, the economics of such an intervention is important to ensure the large-scale acceptance and adoption of the product by different stakeholders and for its sustenance in the long term. This paper attempts at conducting an ex ante assessment of the economics of IBFI from the perspectives of the three main stakeholders: farmers, the insurance company and the government. The paper discusses the methodological challenges and data issues encountered in undertaking an economic analysis of such a product. The issues and processes involved have been empirically demonstrated using a theoretical case study based on a synthesis of information drawn from a host of sources and certain assumptions. Field-based data are now being collected and analyzed from the locations where IBFI has recently been piloted by IWMI. This will help in further refining the process of economic evaluation and identifying the experiences of different stakeholders.
17 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Samarakoon, Kalani; de Silva, Sanjiv. 2021. Bundled weather index insurance pilot for drought-affected areas in Sri Lanka: reaching marginal farmers. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 35p. (IWMI Working Paper 201) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.233]
Weather index insurance ; Crop insurance ; Drought ; Pilot projects ; Farmers organizations ; Advisory services ; Awareness-raising ; Arid zones ; Climate change ; Crop losses ; Compensation ; Risk transfer ; Disaster risk reduction ; Resilience ; Decision making ; Insurance premiums ; Cost benefit analysis ; Equity ; Stakeholders ; Partnerships ; Gender ; Women ; Smallholders ; Landlessness ; Communities ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Mobile phones ; Models / Sri Lanka / North Central Province / Galenbindunuwewa / Dunumadalawa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050840)
(3.07 MB)
Drought is an almost annual phenomenon in Sri Lanka, occurring at varying degrees of severity and affecting many parts of the country. These droughts cause significant damage to agriculture and other economic and social activities. This paper assesses the effectiveness of satellite-based weather Index insurance (WII) bundled with real-time climate and agronomic advisory services provided to farmers’ mobile phones. The aim is to enhance the drought resilience of diverse groups of farmers by providing solutions and strategies to extend bundled insurance products to more people and address equity issues.
In this pilot, an insurance product was introduced to farmers in a village in the North Central Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. WII products are seen as a part of the solution to reducing farmers’ risk to climate change. However, in many places, the structure of insurance schemes in the agriculture sector has failed to reach small-scale and marginal farmers who are most in need of risk transfer mechanisms. Based on a farmer survey, we extracted lessons from implementing a bundled insurance scheme as a pilot project to explore the utility of farmer organizations as an entry point for engaging different farmer groups and ensuring they can understand the WII insurance products and can make informed choices.
The survey results show that efforts made at the outset to understand contextual issues and challenges contributed to an effective product design and rollout approach. The rollout was more effective due in part to a partnership with an established local organization while adopting an aggregator model. Covid-19 mobility restrictions prevented full implementation of the rollout.
Index insurance bundled with mobile weather and agronomic advisories increased farmer resilience and reached diverse groups. Farmers emphasized that being able to assess the costs and benefits based on understanding how key elements of the product work is key to their future engagement with such products, which highlights the importance of investing in awareness raising through a blend of print, verbal and visual tools that make complex products understandable to stakeholders with low levels of literacy.
In this pilot, an insurance product was introduced to farmers in a village in the North Central Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. WII products are seen as a part of the solution to reducing farmers’ risk to climate change. However, in many places, the structure of insurance schemes in the agriculture sector has failed to reach small-scale and marginal farmers who are most in need of risk transfer mechanisms. Based on a farmer survey, we extracted lessons from implementing a bundled insurance scheme as a pilot project to explore the utility of farmer organizations as an entry point for engaging different farmer groups and ensuring they can understand the WII insurance products and can make informed choices.
The survey results show that efforts made at the outset to understand contextual issues and challenges contributed to an effective product design and rollout approach. The rollout was more effective due in part to a partnership with an established local organization while adopting an aggregator model. Covid-19 mobility restrictions prevented full implementation of the rollout.
Index insurance bundled with mobile weather and agronomic advisories increased farmer resilience and reached diverse groups. Farmers emphasized that being able to assess the costs and benefits based on understanding how key elements of the product work is key to their future engagement with such products, which highlights the importance of investing in awareness raising through a blend of print, verbal and visual tools that make complex products understandable to stakeholders with low levels of literacy.
18 Suhardiman, Diana; Manorom, K.; Rigg, J. 2022. Institutional bricolage (re)shaping the different manifestations of state-citizens relations in Mekong hydropower planning. Geoforum, 134:118-130. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.07.001]
Hydropower ; Planning ; Decision making ; Institutional development ; Local communities ; Civil society organizations ; Collective action ; Strategies ; Transboundary waters ; Water governance ; Political power ; Villages ; Households ; Livelihoods ; Compensation ; Negotiation ; Social aspects ; Development projects ; Dams ; Case studies / Thailand / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Mekong River / Pak Beng Hydropower Dam / Khamkong / Thongngam / Viang Somboon / Ing Doi / Huai Sung
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051301)
(5.52 MB)
Concerns over hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin and elsewhere include not only the overall impacts of dams on basin ecology and economy but also more site-specific impacts on affected communities. While hydropower development is impacting the livelihoods of local communities living along the river, the latter’s views and concerns are often sidelined by top-down hydropower planning. Nonetheless, local communities create and shape their political spaces of engagements in relation to hydropower decision making across scales, albeit through various means and with different results. Taking the planned Pak Beng hydropower dam as a case study and building on the concept of institutional bricolage, we look at: 1) local communities’ responses in Thailand and Laos, including how these are influenced by social movements; 2) how these responses are translated into collective action (or the lack thereof), including in relation to local communities’ (in)ability to negotiate better compensation for their to be impacted livelihoods; and 3) how local communities strategies are embedded in the wider political context and different manifestations of state-citizens relations. We argue that while affected farm households can pursue their interests to secure proper compensation through individual means, this leads to sub-optimal outcomes for affected communities collectively.
19 Yi, Y.; Yang, M.; Fu, C.; Li, C. 2024. Transboundary pollution control with ecological compensation in a watershed containing multiple regions: a dynamic analysis. Water Resources and Economics, 46:100242. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2024.100242]
Ecological factors ; Compensation ; Watersheds ; Transboundary pollution ; Pollution control ; River basins ; Social welfare / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052762)
(4.01 MB)
A watershed consists of more than two regions intending to apply ecological compensation to solve the transboundary pollution problems. For this purpose, we develop a differential game model to investigate each region's optimal strategy and show the following main conclusions: (1) There is a set of optimal ecological compensation rates that improve the welfare of each region and produce Pareto improvement results. (2) Ecological compensation shifts partial pollution reduction investments from downstream to upstream regions and increases total reduction investments in the basin. (3) Ecological compensation improves the water ecosystem and increases each region's yield and income level.
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