Your search found 28 records
1 Hussain, Intizar; Namara, Regassa; Samad, Madar. 2004. Water for food security for the poor. In ADB, Water for all. Manila, Philippines: ADB. pp.76-91.
Food security ; Developing countries ; Irrigation systems ; Small scale systems ; Poverty ; Agricultural development
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 338.19 G000 HUS Record No: H036163)
2 Namara, Regassa; Upadhyay, Bhawana; Nagar, R. K. 2005. Adoption and impacts of microirrigation technologies: empirical results from selected localities of Maharashtra and Gujarat states of India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). v, 42p. (IWMI Research Report 093) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.094]
Irrigation systems ; Microirrigation ; Models ; Poverty ; Rural women ; Cropping systems ; Food security ; Economic aspects / India / Maharashtra / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G635 NAM Record No: H037307)
(691KB)
This report analyzes the economics of alternative microirrigation technologies ranging from low-cost drip and sprinkler systems to the capital-intensive systems, the determinants of adoption of microirrigation technology, the poverty outreach of the different microirrigation systems, and the sustainability implications of microirrigation adoption.
3 van Koppen, Barbara; Namara, Regassa; Safilios-Rothschild, Constantina. 2005. Reducing poverty through investments in agricultural water management. Part 1 - Poverty and gender issues, by Barbara van Koppen and Constantina Safilios-Rothschild. Part 2 - Synthesis of Sub-Saharan Africa case study reports, by Regassa Namara. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) xvi, 66p. (IWMI Working Paper 101) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.281]
Irrigated farming ; Investment ; Poverty ; Gender ; Cropping systems ; Labor ; Manual pumps ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Kenya / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Ghana / Niger / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G110 VAN Record No: H038101)
(350 KB)
4 Namara, Regassa. 2005. Synthesis of Sub-Saharan Africa case study reports. In van Koppen, Barbara; Namara, Regassa; Safilios-Rothschild, Constantina. Reducing poverty through investments in agricultural water management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. pp.20-66. (IWMI Working Paper 101)
Poverty ; Water resource management ; Investment ; Irrigation programs ; Land productivity ; Farm income ; Constraints ; Labor ; Manual pumps ; Food security ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Madagascar / Tanzania / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G110 VAN Record No: H038103)
5 Namara, Regassa; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Merrey, Douglas. 2006. Review of agricultural water management technologies and practices. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Menker, M.; Abesha, D.; Atnafe, T.; Wondimkun, Y. (Eds.). Best practices and technologies for small scale agricultural water management in Ethiopia. Proceedings of a MoARD /MoWR /USAID / IWMI Symposium and Exhibition held at Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 7-9 March, 2006. pp.37-50.
Irrigation management ; Water harvesting ; Water storage ; Surface runoff ; Groundwater ; Water lifting ; Manual pumps ; Drip irrigation ; Costs ; Pitcher irrigation / Ethiopia / Namibia
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G136 NAM Record No: H039623)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Proceedings/PDF/IWMI_proceeding_Best_PRactices.pdf
https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H039623.pdf
https://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H039623.pdf
(15.63MB 0.3 MB)
6 Giordano, Meredith; Samad, Madar; Namara, Regassa. 2006. Assessing the outcomes of IWMI’s research and interventions on irrigation management transfer. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 27p. (IWMI Research Report 106) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.107]
Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Privatization ; Water user associations ; Farmers associations ; Gender
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G000 GIO Record No: H039645)
(858KB)
The purpose of this paper is to summarize IIMI/IWMI's past research and interventions related to irrigation management transfer and to document, to the extent possible, the academic, policy, and technical outcomes of these efforts. The application of a range of direct and indirect measurement techniques suggests an overall positive contribution from IWMI to IMT theory and application.
7 Namara, Regassa; Hussain, I.; Bossio, Deborah; Verma, Shilp. 2007. Innovative land and water management approaches in Asia: Productivity impacts, adoption prospects and poverty outreach. Irrigation and Drainage, 56:335-348.
Land management ; Rice ; Intermittent irrigation / Asia / India / Nepal / Pakistan / China / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G570 NAM Record No: H040009)
8 Namara, Regassa; Nagar, R. K.; Upadhyay, B. 2007. Economics, adoption determinants, and impacts of micro-irrigation technologies: Empirical results from India. Irrigation Science, 25:283-297.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G635 NAM Record No: H040128)
9 Castillo, G. E.; Namara, Regassa; Ravnborg, H. M.; Hanjra, M. A.; Smith, L.; Hussein, M. H.; Bene, C.; Cook, S.; Hirsch, D.; Polak, P.; Valee, Domitille; van Koppen, Barbara. 2007. Reversing the flow: agricultural water management pathways for poverty reduction. In Molden, David (Ed.). Water for food, water for life: a Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. London, UK: Earthscan; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.149-191.
Water resource management ; Irrigation management ; Governance ; Drinking water ; Environmental effects ; Poverty ; Employment ; Gender ; Water rights ; Empowerment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 630.7 G000 IWM Record No: H040197)
(2.45 MB)
10 Adeoti, Adetola; Barry, Boubacar; Namara, Regassa; Kamara, Abdul; Titiati, Atsu. 2007. Treadle pump irrigation and poverty in Ghana. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 24p. (IWMI Research Report 117) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.117]
Manual pumps ; Irrigation systems ; Water lifting ; Poverty ; Farm income ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Gender / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.1 G200 ADE Record No: H040628)
(527 KB)
Treadle pump (TP) technology has been promoted by Enterprise Works Worldwide (EWW) as an alternative to the traditional rope and bucket irrigation that is necessary to overcome the challenge of uncertain and inadequate rainfall for agricultural production. The aim is to improve output, increase incomes and reduce poverty among farm households. This study examines the strategies used for dissemination of the TP and the dynamics of its adoption and impacts, with a special focus on poverty reduction. The results of the study reveal that time and labor savings for irrigation, increased size of irrigated areas and lack of fuel requirements are the attractive features of the TP for those who adopt it. Adoption of TP increases land and labor productivities; and also net farm incomes. The study also demonstrates that adoption of the TP reduces poverty.
11 Giordano, Meredith; Samad, Madar; Namara, Regassa. 2007. IWMI: Assessing the outcome of IWMI’s research and interventions on irrigation management transfer. In Waibel, H.; Zilberman, D.EC (Eds.). International research on natural resource management: Advances in impact assessment. Rome, Italy: FAO; Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.196-216.
Research policy ; Research institutes ; Agricultural research ; Irrigation management ; Privatization ; Water user associations
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.1 G000 WAI Record No: H040639)
12 Namara, Regassa; Bossio, Deborah; Weligamage, Parakrama; Herath, Indika. 2008. The practice and effects of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Sri Lanka. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 47(1): 5-23.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 633.18 G744 NAM Record No: H041467)
In Sri Lanka rice is grown under conditions of sub-optimal water and land availability. Thus, innovations such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) that can increase productivity and save resources are needed. The objective of this study was to understand how SRI was implemented on farms in Sri Lanka, and the consequences of changes in practices on: 1) input utilisation, 2) agronomic traits of rice, and 3) soil chemical properties. It was found that SRI farmers had made significant changes in their production systems: irrigations, seeding rates and herbicide usage were reduced by 24%, 85% and 95%, respectively, and plant spacing was increased by 60%. Total inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were similar across SRI and conventional plots, but the source of nutrients was different. Yields were variable, but significantly higher on SRI farms, soil available potassium and phosphorus were increased, and SRI plants exhibited tolerance to low moisture stress.
13 van Koppen, Barbara; Shah, Tushaar; Namara, Regassa; Barry, Boubacar; van der Zaag, P.; Obeng Bekoe, E. 2008. Water rights in informal economies in the Limpopo and Volta basins. In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R. S.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S. Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, Sophie; Vidal, A.; MacIntyre, I.; MacIntyre, R. (Eds.). Fighting poverty through sustainable water use: proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-14 November 2008. Vol.1. Keynotes; Cross-cutting topics. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.69-72.
River basins ; Water rights ; Water law ; Legislation / Africa / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Mozambique / South Africa / Zimbabwe / Limpopo River Basin / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G000 HUM Record No: H041779)
http://ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1007
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041779.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041779.pdf
14 Gumma, Murali Krishna; Thenkabail, P. S.; Fujii, Hideto; Namara, Regassa. 2009. Spatial models for selecting the most suitable areas of rice cultivation in the Inland Valley Wetlands of Ghana using remote sensing and geographic information systems. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3(1):21p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3182847]
Remote sensing ; Models ; Wetlands ; Rice ; Cultivation / Africa / West Africa / Ghana / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042218)
http://remotesensing.spiedigitallibrary.org/data/Journals/APPRES/20338/033537_1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042218.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042218.pdf
(4.64 MB)
The overarching goal of this research was to develop spatial models and demonstrate their use in selecting the most suitable areas for the inland valley (IV) wetland rice cultivation. The process involved comprehensive sets of methods and protocols involving: (1) Identification and development of necessary spatial data layers; (2) Providing weightages to these spatial data layers based on expert knowledge, (3) Development of spatial models, and (4) Running spatial models for determining most suitable areas for rice cultivation. The study was conducted in Ghana. The model results, based on weightages to 16-22 spatial data layers, showed only 3-4 % of the total IV wetland areas were “highly suitable” but 39-47 % of the total IV wetland areas were “suitable” for rice cultivation. The outputs were verified using field-plot data which showed accuracy between 84.4 to 87.5% with errors of omissions and commissions less than 23%. Given that only a small fraction (<15% overall) of the total IV wetland areas (about 20-28% of total geographic area in Ghana) are currently utilized for agriculture and constitute very rich land-units in terms of soil depth, soil fertility, and water availability, these agroecosystems offer an excellent opportunity for a green and a blue revolution in Africa.
15 Adeoti, A.; Barry, Boubacar; Namara, Regassa; Kamara , A. 2009. The impact of treadle pump irrigation technology adoption on poverty in Ghana. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 15(4):357-369.
Manual pumps ; Irrigation equipment ; Irrigated farming ; Crop production ; Farm income ; Poverty / Africa South of Sahara / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043203)
(0.18 MB)
Treadle pump (TP) technology has been promoted by Enterprise Works in West Africa as an alternative to the traditional rope and bucket irrigation. The aim is to improve output and incomes and reduce poverty among farm households. This paper reports a short term (two years) assessment of the dynamics of its adoption and impacts, with a special focus on poverty reduction. Data used were from primary surveys of adopters and non-adopters of treadle pumps in two regions of Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary and production function analysis. The results of the study reveal that time and labor savings for irrigation were the major attractive features of the treadle pump for those who adopted it. The difference in net income between adopters and non-adopters was about US$393 per hectare, with an increase in land and labor productivities. About 21% stopped the use of the treadle pump because it broke down, while about 10% shifted to motorized pumping. The study shows that adoption of treadle pumps reduces poverty. It is recommended that increased collaboration with local institutions, such as extension services, will improve the transfer of treadle pump technology to farmers. After-sales service and training of farmers on repairs could reduce treadle pump abandonment. This paper is original as it compares the factors that affect adoption and non-adoption of treadle pumps. It also reveals reasons for abandonment. A multivariate analysis was used to examine the productivity impact of adoption.
16 Namara, Regassa; Makombe, Godswill; Hagos, Fitsum; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele. 2008. Rural poverty and inequality in Ethiopia: does access to small-scale irrigation make a difference? In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged, Makonnen; Yilma, Aster Denekew (Comps.). Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia: draft proceedings of the symposium and exhibition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27-29 November 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) pp.97-116.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044072)
(0.35 MB)
Ethiopia is an agrarian society in a land of drought and floods. Agricultural production, which is the source of livelihood for eight out of ten Ethiopians, is extremely vulnerable to climatic conditions. The causes of rural poverty are many including wide fluctuations in agricultural production as a result of drought, ineffective and inefficient agricultural marketing system, under developed transport and communication networks, underdeveloped production technologies, limited access of rural households to support services, environmental degradation and lack of participation by rural poor people in decisions that affect their livelihoods. However, the persistent fluctuation in the amount and distribution of rainfall is considered as a major factor in rural poverty. Cognizant of this reality the successive Ethiopian governments and farmers have made investments in small scale irrigation schemes. This paper aims to assess the efficacy of these investments in reducing poverty based on data obtained from a survey of 1024 farmers drawn from four major regional states of Ethiopia. The Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measures were used to compare the incidence, depth and severity of poverty among groups of farmers defined by relevant policy variables including access to irrigation. In order to explore the correlates of rural poverty and their quantitative significance, logistic regression model was estimated. The main conclusion of the study is that the incidence, depth and severity of poverty is affected more by the intensity of irrigation use (as measured by the size of irrigated area) than mere access to irrigation. Alternatively, there seems to be an economy of scale in the poverty irrigation relationship.
17 Makombe, Godswill; Hagos, Fitsum; Namara, Regassa; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele. 2008. An Assessment of the financial viability and income impact of small scale irrigation in Ethiopia. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged, Makonnen; Yilma, Aster Denekew (Comps.). Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia: draft proceedings of the symposium and exhibition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27-29 November 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.117-126.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044073)
(0.09 MB)
Recently, there has been very little irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa. The main reasons cited for this lack of interest in developing irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa is that irrigation projects are expensive and perform poorly compared to projects from other regions. However, when classified into success and failure projects, the sub-Saharan Africa success projects’ investment costs are not significantly higher than from other regions. African countries like Ethiopia, which has embarked on an agricultural led development program, aspire to use irrigation as a development strategy with small scale irrigation playing a key role in rural development. This study evaluates the financial performance of small scale irrigation using O & M and investment recovery, and the ability to replicate the investments. It is concluded that the systems are financially viable and provide a low cost development option for rural areas.
18 Hagos, Fitsum; Makombe, Godswill; Namara, Regassa; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele. 2008. Does access to small scale irrigation promote market oriented production in Ethiopia? In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged, Makonnen; Yilma, Aster Denekew (Comps.). Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia: draft proceedings of the symposium and exhibition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27-29 November 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.262-281.
Marketing ; Models ; Rural economy ; Farmers ; Smallholders ; Households ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044080)
(0.19 MB)
The study examined the extent and nature of market oriented production in irrigated compared to rainfed systems in Ethiopia. By doing so the paper identifies the role of irrigation in market-oriented production, while at the same time highlighting the main constraints to market oriented development. Our results indicate that irrigation contributes significantly to increases in market participation, volume of marketed produce and, hence, income, by inducing shifts in farmers’ cropping mix. The impact of commercialization of production on household food security is not direct and immediate mainly because of failures in the food market. While irrigation enhances market production, there are series of factors that pose serious constraints to market production. Land size, oxen holding, access to market and means of transport were found to be important determinants of market oriented production calling for policy interventions in land markets, access to productive assets and infrastructure development and policy measures to improve the performance of agricultural markets. The study also found education has market promoting effect in terms of increasing the probability of participation and volume of sale. Increased support to education can, thus, help in the long-term to transform traditional subsistence agriculture into more market-oriented agriculture. Finally there are unobserved site specific effects, related to location and other covariates, which influence market participation and volume decisions.
19 Godswill, M.; Namara, Regassa; Hagos, Fitsum; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Ayana, M.; Bossio, Deborah. 2011. A comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of rain-fed and smallholder irrigation in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 37p. (IWMI Working Paper 143) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.202]
Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Efficiency ; Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Cropping patterns ; Crop production ; Economic aspects ; Statistical analysis / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044123)
(1.08MB)
Agriculture is the most significant contributor to Ethiopia’s economy. Most of the agricultural production is under rainfed conditions and thus extremely sensitive to rainfall variability. Irrigation development, including smallholder irrigation, is used by the Ethiopian Government to attempt to mitigate the effects of rainfall variability. In this study, we look at smallholder irrigation - modern and traditional irrigation systems. A detailed description of the cropping patterns is given. The stochastic frontier production function approach is used to estimate technical inefficiency, and constraints to production are analyzed. Since the traditional system is found to be efficient but on a lower production frontier, the study shows that significant gains can be made by raising the frontier of the traditional systems and increasing the efficiency of the modern systems. Among the production constraints studied were land preparation, soil fertility, weed control, pests and diseases, soil erosion, input access and moisture deficiency. The most significant constraints on the irrigated systems were input access and moisture deficiency.
20 Hagos, Fitsum; Makombe, Godswill; Namara, Regassa; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele. 2008. Importance of irrigated agriculture to the Ethiopian economy: capturing the direct net benefits of irrigation. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Loulseged, Makonnen; Yilma, Aster Denekew (Comps.). Impact of irrigation on poverty and environment in Ethiopia: draft proceedings of the symposium and exhibition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27-29 November 2007. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.127-155.
Irrigation schemes ; National income ; Economic growth ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Crop management / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044133)
(0.39 MB)
Irrigation development is seen as one of the means to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. While a lot of effort is exerted towards irrigation development, little attempt is done to quantify the contribution of irrigation to national income in Ethiopia. This study is an attempt to quantify the actual and expected contribution of irrigation to the Ethiopian national economy for 2005/06 cropping season and 2009/10 using adjusted net gross margin analysis. Our results show that irrigation in the study sites generates an average income of about USD 323/ ha. This compares to the calculated gross margin for rainfed which is USD 147/ha. This indicates that after accounting for annual investment replacement cost net gross margin from irrigation is more than twice higher than gross margin from rainfed agriculture. On the contribution of irrigation to national economy, in 2005/06 smallholder irrigated agriculture contributed about 262.3 million USD. This accounts for about 4.46 percent of the agricultural GDP in 2005/2006 and 1.97 percent of the total overall GDP. The total income earned from large scale schemes is estimated to be about 74.0 million USD. This accounts for about 1.26 percent of the agricultural and 0.5 percent of the total GDP respectively. Overall, the contribution of irrigation to agricultural and total national GDP was about 5.7 and 2.5 percent during the 2005/06 cropping season. As a result of expansion, by the year 2009/2010 the expected contribution of smallholder managed irrigation to national economy, assuming that exiting cropping pattern, and the average gross margin values for different crop categories are still valid, is expected to increase from USD 262.3 million in 2005/2006 to about USD 414.2 million in 2009/2010, which accounts to about 5.5 percent of the agricultural GDP and 2.3 of the overall GDP for the same year. On the other hand, the contribution coming from the large scale sugar growing estates in 2009/2010 is estimated to be USD 217.5 million which amounts to 2.9 and 1.2 percent of the agricultural and overall GDP respectively. Similarly the contribution coming from large scale commercial farms growing crops other than sugar cane is expected to increase to USD 35.8 million in 2009/2010 which accounts to 0.4 and 0.2 percent of the agricultural and overall GDP respectively. This implies that large scale commercial farms will contribute about 3.3 and 1.4 of the agricultural and overall GDP respectively. In summary, our results indicate that under conservative estimates the future contribution of irrigation to agricultural and overall GDP will be about 9 and 3.7 percent respectively. When some of the assumptions related to cropping pattern, input and output prices, 128 and efficiency levels are relaxed, the contribution of smallholder managed irrigation to agricultural and overall GDP will vary between 4 to 6 and 1.8 to 1.9 percent respectively. Similarly, the contribution from large scale irrigation to agricultural and overall GDP will be in the range of 3 to 6 and 1.2 to 2.5 percent respectively. Overall, the future contribution of irrigation to agricultural GDP will be in the range of 7 to 12 percent while the contribution to overall GDP will be in the range of about 4 percent. To enhance the contribution of irrigation to national economy, besides increasing the presence of physical water infrastructure, however, there is a need to: i) improve provision of agricultural inputs, ii) promote high value crops through the extension system, iii) create good market conditions, and iv) increase the efficiency of small and large schemes.
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