Your search found 5 records
1 Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Hoekstra, A. Y. 2008. Business water footprint accounting: a tool to assess how production of goods and services impacts on freshwater resources worldwide. Delft, Netherlands: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. 46p. (Value of Water Research Report Series 27)
Business enterprises ; Companies ; Water management ; Water use ; Water supply ; Sustainability ; Pollution control ; Water scarcity
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041065)
In a recent report, researchers from the University of Twente show how the water footprint concept can be applied to businesses or other sorts of organizations. The water footprint of a business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used, directly and indirectly, to produce the goods and services delivered by that business. The water footprint of a business consists of two parts: the operational water footprint and the supply-chain water footprint. The water footprint - also when applied to businesses - is a geographically explicit indicator, not only showing volumes of water use and pollution, but also the locations. Business water footprint accounting can serve different purposes: 1. identify the water-related impacts of the business on its social and natural environment; 2. create transparency to shareholders, business clients, consumers and governments; 3. compare water use across business units for benchmarking and target setting; 4. identify and support the development of policy to reduce business risks related to freshwater scarcity.
2 Verkerk, M. P.; Hoekstra, A.Y.; Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.. 2008. Global water governance: Conceptual design of global institutional arrangements. Delft, Netherlands: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. 56p. (Value of Water Research Report Series 26)
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041066)
3 Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Hoekstra, A. Y.; Van der Meer, T. H. 2008. Water footprint of bio-energy and other primary energy carriers. Delft, Netherlands: UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. 44p. (Value of Water Research Report Series 29)
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041067)
http://www.unesco-ihe.org/content/download/2723/27874/file/Report29-WaterFootprintBioenergy.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041067.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041067.pdf
4 Mekonnen, M. M.; Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Hoekstra, A. Y. 2015. The consumptive water footprint of electricity and heat: a global assessment. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 1(3):285-297. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00026b]
Water footprint ; Water use ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Electricity generation ; Heat ; Energy sources ; Renewable energy ; Geothermal energy ; Nuclear energy ; Fossil fuels ; Fuel consumption ; Supply chain ; Water scarcity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047596)
(2.12 MB)
Water is essential for electricity and heat production. This study assesses the consumptive water footprint (WF) of electricity and heat generation per world region in the three main stages of the production chain, i.e. fuel supply, construction and operation. We consider electricity from power plants using coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, uranium or biomass as well as electricity from wind, solar and geothermal energy and hydropower. The global consumptive WF of electricity and heat is estimated to be 378 billion m3 per year. Wind energy (0.2–12 m3 TJe -1 ), solar energy through PV (6–303 m3 TJe -1 ) and geothermal energy (7–759 m3 TJe -1 ) have the smallest WFs, while biomass (50 000–500 000 m3 TJe -1 ) and hydropower (300–850 000 m3 TJe -1 ) have the largest. The WFs of electricity from fossil fuels and nuclear energy range between the extremes. The global weighted-average WF of electricity and heat is 4241 m3 TJe -1 . Europe has the largest WF (22% of the total), followed by China (15%), Latin America (14%), the USA and Canada (12%), and India (9%). Hydropower (49%) and firewood (43%) dominate the global WF. Operations (global average 57%) and fuel supply (43%) contribute the most, while the WF of construction is negligible (0.02%). Electricity production contributes 90% to the total WF, and heat contributes 10%. In 2012, the global WF of electricity and heat was 1.8 times larger than that in 2000. The WF of electricity and heat from firewood increased four times, and the WF of hydropower grew by 23%. The sector's WF can be most effectively reduced by shifting to greater contributions of wind, PV and geothermal energy.
5 Siyal, A. W.; Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Vaca-Jimenez, S. D. 2023. Freshwater competition among agricultural, industrial, and municipal sectors in a water-scarce country. lessons of Pakistan's fifty-year development of freshwater consumption for other water-scarce countries. Water Resources and Industry, 29:100206. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2023.100206]
Freshwater ; Water use ; Water footprint ; Water supply ; Livestock ; Water scarcity ; Environmental flows ; Evaporation ; Drinking water ; Sewage ; Groundwater recharge ; Electricity generation ; Water requirements ; Agricultural production ; Water power ; Agricultural production ; Infrastructure ; Water use efficiency / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051936)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371723000069/pdfft?md5=71a8134557c23997dd4ca140a45da3de&pid=1-s2.0-S2212371723000069-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051936.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051936.pdf
(2.50 MB) (2.50 MB)
Agriculture, industry and municipal water supply compete over scarce freshwater. This study calculated sectoral blue water footprints (WFs) in water scarce Pakistan between 1971 and 2020. Agriculture dominates blue WFs, industry contributed 0.5–1.4%, municipal WFs 0.5–1.7%. Manufacture (cloth and yarn) and electricity production (hydropower) dominated blue industrial WFs. Agricultural crop and livestock production tripled using the same amount of blue water, but industrial and municipal WFs increased with increasing production/population, the blue industrial WF by a factor of 3.3, municipal WFs by a factor of 3.6. Pakistan's water scarcity depends on environmental flow requirement (EFR) definitions. Volumetric government definitions generate low water scarcity allocating almost all water to society. Higher EFR's generate moderate to severe scarcity. Efficient agriculture leaves more water for industry and municipal supply, increasing crop output and decreasing sectoral competition. Policy might support improved water infrastructure. Pakistan's lessons are relevant for other water scarce countries.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
