Your search found 10 records
1 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2007. Environmental and social values of river water: examples from the Menik Ganga, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 15p. (IWMI Working Paper 121) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.304]
Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Wetlands ; Wildlife ; Fisheries ; Water allocation ; Water requirements ; Case studies ; Economic evaluation / Sri Lanka / Menik Ganga / Yala National Park / Yala Fishery Management Area / Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland / Kataragama
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 577.64 G744 DIS Record No: H040566)
(462KB)
Many decisions on water allocation in river basins are made on economic grounds. Environmental and social benefits of water should also be considered in river basin management, and attempts should be made to value them similarly. This is not a straightforward task and very few studies have directly addressed this issue to date. In this paper, the Menik Ganga (River) in southern Sri Lanka is used as a case study to attempt and evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations, referred to as ‘environmental flows’ (EF). In this study, a broad definition of EF is used: the components of EF evaluated include the requirements of the religious festival, the requirements of the Yala National Park, the requirements of the Pilinnawa Coastal Wetland and the requirements of the Yala Fishery Management Area, off the coast. Almost all estimates are based on use values of EF such as marketed goods and recreation. For some components multiple estimates have been attempted. The religious EF requirement is estimated using the cost of alternative water supplies. The benefits of the EF requirement for the Yala National Park are estimated using the forgone value of tourism in the dry season and the benefits of avoiding the Human-Elephant Conflict. The Additional expenditure for the park in the dry season is also presented as another proxy estimate of the benefits of EF. The Benefit Transfer method was used for the Pilinnawa Wetland and grassland due to data constraints. The market prices of lobster and income of chank divers are used as proxies for the economic benefits of EF to the Yala Fishery Management Area. Finally, the cumulative value of the individual components is presented and discussed. The paper intends to stimulate discussion and further research on the complex subject of valuing the social and environmental benefits of water – whether it is in the Menik Ganga, elsewhere in Sri Lanka or elsewhere in the world.
2 Nishshanka, R.; de Silva, Shyamalie; Clemett, Alexandra; Dissanayake, Priyanka; Jayakody, Priyantha; Jayaweera, P. 2006. Background report: Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Unpublished background report, produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) Project. 33p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 1)
Development projects ; Water resources ; Social aspects ; Population ; Households ; Income ; Water supply ; Sanitation ; Wastewater ; Water quality ; Public health ; Waterborne diseases ; Land use ; Land tenure ; Legislation / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala / Wan Ela / Beu Ela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.6 G744 NIS Record No: H041009)
(0.47 MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
3 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Clemett, Alexandra; Jayakody, Priyantha; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2007. Report on water quality survey and pollution in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Unpublished project report produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) 32p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 6)
Water resources ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Electrical conductivity ; Ph ; Nitrogen ; Iron ; Boron ; Heavy metals ; Coliform bacteria / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala / Wan Ela / Beu Ela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.6 G744 DIS Record No: H041013)
(0.57 MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
4 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Amin, M. M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Clemett, Alexandra. 2007. Baseline water quality survey for Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Unpublished project report produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) 28p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 7)
Water quality ; Wastewater ; Electrical conductivity ; Salinity ; Drainage ; Nitrogen ; Wastewater irrigation ; Infiltration ; Crop production ; Phosphorus ; Metals ; Analysis / Bangladesh / Rajshahi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G584 DIS Record No: H041018)
(2MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
5 Jayakody, Priyantha; Gunawardana, I.; Guneratne, S.; Clemett, Alexandra; Dissanayake, Priyanka. 2007. Wastewater agriculture in Kurunegala City, Sri Lanka. Unpublished project report produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) 22p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 8)
Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Rivers ; Urban agriculture ; Farmers associations ; Rain ; Soil properties ; Rice ; Crop management ; Fertilizers ; Paddy fields / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala City / Beu Ela / Wan Ela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G744 JAY Record No: H041019)
(1.51 MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
6 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Tennakoon, M.; Burmeister, J. 2008. Guide to on-site wastewater management for industrial and commercial establishments and other institutions: guide for vehicle service station owners and managers. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 36p. (Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation for Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia)) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.0016]
Wastewater treatment ; Environmental management ; Organizations / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala / Kandy / Beu Ela / Wan Ela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.61 G744 DIS Record No: H041240)
(500.67KB)
7 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Tennakoon, M. 2008. Guide to on-site wastewater management for industrial and commercial establishments and other institutions: guide for hotel and restaurant owners and managers in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 31p. (Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation for Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia)) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.0017]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.61 G744 DIS Record No: H041241)
(540.66KB)
8 Dissanayake, Priyanka. 2009. The role of pollution prevention strategies, best management practices and cleaner production in hospital wastewater management. Paper presented at the International Perspective on Environmental and Water Resources Conference, (2nd Developing Nations Conference) of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) and Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Bangkok, Thailand, 5-7 January 2009. 8p.
Hospitals ; Effluents ; Wastewater management ; Water Pollution Control ; Best practices ; Guidelines ; Pollutants ; Toxic substances ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Constraints ; Pollution control / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Kurunegala / Wan Ela / Beu Ela / Wilgoda Anicut
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042123)
(0.33 MB)
Hospital effluents can be especially hazardous and toxic due to their content of chemical, pathogenic and bio-hazardous wastes. Many of these toxic pollutants are not fully removed or neutralized by traditional municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are primarily designed to address parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), etc. They are also not easily removed by filtration, settling or flocculation. The common disposal of liquid waste from hospitals into the municipal network collection system or in cesspits is of serious concern and it requires swift and effective address. Wastewater from hospitals contains pollutants that are hazardous and require on-site management to prevent contaminating the city’s sewage system and other surface waters. Unlike industrial operations that typically have a few large volume waste streams; hospitals generate different volumes of a wide variety of wastes and emissions. Most important chemicals in hospital wastewater are disinfectants (due to their major use in hospital practice), antibiotics, cytostatic agents, anesthetics, heavy metals (silver, chromium, zinc, lead, copper, platinum, and mercury), rare earth elements (gadolinium, indium, and osmium) and iodinated X-ray contrast media. Pollution prevention strategies and Best Management Practices (BMPs) to pollutant load reduction at the source is the best solution available to overcome this problem. The pollutant load reduction can be initiated by applying pollution prevention strategies and Best Management Practices (BMPs) to practices that use these chemicals. The goal of pollution prevention in healthcare environments is the same as throughout industry do to eliminate and/or reduce pollution at the source. The major difference when undertaking pollution prevention at healthcare facilities is that they do not manufacture a ‘product’, operate a fabrication ‘process’ or generate waste materials that can be readily recycled, reused or reprocessed. Therefore, the role of Pollution Prevention Strategies, Best Management Practices and Cleaner Production will be somewhat different than other industrial sectors. Pollution Prevention Strategies, Best Management Practices and Cleaner Production applicable to hospital wastewater management in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are addressed in this paper.
9 Abaidoo, R. C.; Keraita, Bernard; Drechsel, Pay; Dissanayake, Priyanka; Maxwell, Akple S. 2010. Soil and crop contamination through wastewater irrigation and options for risk reduction in developing countries. In Dion, P. (Ed.). Soil biology and agriculture in the tropics. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag. pp.498-535.
Wastewater irrigation ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Pathogens ; Crops ; Heavy metals ; Organic compounds ; Inorganic compounds ; Water storage ; Reservoirs ; Filtration / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042644)
(0.19 MB)
Wastewater irrigation is becoming a global phenomenon, as a result of global water scarcity and increased pollution of water sources. While this practice offers many opportunities, human health risks from contaminated soils and crops irrigated with wastewater pose the greatest challenges to this practice. In this chapter, contaminants in wastewater of most relevance to soil and crop, such as pathogens, heavy metals and other organic contaminants as well as the related human health and environmental risks are discussed. There is a general consensus that untreated wastewater contaminates soils and crops and poses health risks, however the threats vary widely. While wastewater treatment is the best choice to address this problem, a number of low-cost technological options and health protection measures exist to address the contamination challenges especially in developing countries. These include irrigation methods, farm-based measures for improving water quality, choice of crop, water application techniques, soil phytoremediation, zoning and post-harvest measures. For comprehensive risk reduction, a combination of these measures is recommended especially where comprehensive wastewater treatment is not feasible.
10 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Weragala, Neelanga; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2010. Environmental flow assessment: recent examples from Sri Lanka. In Evans, Alexandra; Jinapala, K. (Eds). Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka, BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 9-11 June 2009. Vol. 2. Water quality, environment and climate change. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.23-35.
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Rivers ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Water requirements ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Walawe Ganga / Menik Ganga / Pilinnawa Wetland / Yala National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7 G744 EVA Record No: H042856)
Assessment and provision of Environmental Flows (EF) is important for the protection of aquatic ecosystems. EF are a set of discharges of a particular magnitude, frequency and timing that are necessary to ensure a certain range of benefits from a river. Such flows need to be scientifically determined and economically justified. Limited exposure to the concept of EF exists in developing countries. This paper gives two recent relevant example studies, which were conducted by IWMI, with foci on EF Assessment (EFA) and valuation of EF benefits in the Walawe and Menik Ganga river basins located in a semi-arid zone of southern Sri Lanka. The Walawe example illustrates the simple method for estimation of EF. The EF are approximated at two sites along the main stream of the Walawe River, which are located below the two main reservoirs. A desktop method is used, which is based on simulated, unregulated daily flow time series and their flow duration curves. The study also illustrates how the required hydrological information can be generated for the locations where EF assessment is intended – quickly and in conditions of limited observed data. The second Menik Ganga example is used as a case study to evaluate the costs and benefits of environmental water allocations. The EF components evaluated include the water needs for religious festivals, and the requirements of the Yala National Park, the Pilinnawa coastal wetland and grasslands, and the Yala Fisheries Management Area (YFMA) off the coast. Almost all estimates are based on use values of EF such as marketed goods and recreation. The paper intends to stimulate discussion and further research in the fields of EF assessment and economic valuation.
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