Your search found 10 records
1 Kashaigili, J. J.; McCartney, Matthew; Mahoo, H. F. 2007. Estimation of environmental flows in the Great Ruaha River Catchment, Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 32:1007-1014.
Rivers ; Ecosystems ; Catchment areas ; Hydrology ; Water requirements ; Wetlands ; National parks / Tanzania / Great Ruaha River / Ruaha National Park / Rufiji River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 551.483 G148 KAS Record No: H040358)
2 Adhikari, K. R.; Tan, Y-C.; Lai, J-S.; Pant, Dhruba. 2009. Irrigation intervention: a strategy for conserving biodiversity and improving food security in Royal Chitwan National Park buffer zone, Nepal. Irrigation and Drainage, 58(5):522-537. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.443]
National parks ; Natural resources ; Irrigation systems ; Policy ; Households ; Food security ; Livestock / Nepal / Royal Chitwan National Park buffer zone / East Rapti River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043285)
(0.16 MB)
Technical interventions have not always led to expected outcomes when attempting to achieve a balanced growth between natural resource development and food production, particularly in the context of Third World countries. In Royal Chitwan National Park (RCNP) buffer zone, Nepal, farmers’ perceptions were used to evaluate how irrigation resource development and the method of water sharing have increased household food security and reduced pressure on natural resources of the park. The findings indicate that with some variations between communities, increased water availability and reliability through irrigation development have improved crop diversity, cropping intensity, food sufficiency, and economic return to farmers. Community attributes such as leadership and dynamics were, among others, the decisive factors that determined the degree of success of the government development intervention programme in the buffer zone. Small landholders and low-income groups in dry areas perceived that they received greater benefits from micro-groundwater pumping schemes. However, many rural poor inhabitants in the area still lack access to these resource opportunities. We observed that Park and People, a government programme, successfully improved public relations and helped create awareness in this buffer zone. However, grievances persist among other water user groups in the upstream part of the Rapt River where a water sharing mechanism needs to be defined between water user associations for crop production and maintenance of biodiversity of the national park.
3 2010. To the last drop - how to avoid water wars: a special report on water. Economist, 20 May 2010.
Dams ; International relations ; International cooperation ; Water scarcity ; Wetlands ; National parks / India / China / Pakistan / USA / Africa / Middle East / Central Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043283)
(0.14 MB)
4 Mehra, S. P.; Mehra, S. 2014. Perspective on water and biodiversity issues in peri-urban landscapes: a case study of Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, India. In Maheshwari, B.; Purohit, R.; Malano, H.; Singh, V. P.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. (Eds.). The security of water, food, energy and liveability of cities: challenges and opportunities for peri-urban futures. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.419-434. (Water Science and Technology Library Volume 71)
Biodiversity ; Periurban areas ; Landscape ; Ecological factors ; Wetlands ; Vegetation ; Water management ; Flooding ; National parks ; Flora ; Habitats ; Fauna ; Species ; Invertebrates ; Vertebrates ; Social aspects ; Community participation ; Case studies / India / Bharatpur / Keoladeo National Park / Chak Ramnagar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047051)
Keoladeo National Park (KNP) at Bharatpur, locally known as ‘‘Ghana,’’ is acknowledged as one of the most enchanting and outstanding wetland reserves in the world. The wetland ecosystem is a system of small dams, dykes and sluice gates created to control the water level in different blocks. This park became the hunting preserve of the Bharatpur royalty and one of the best duck-shooting wetlands in the world from the 1850s through to the mid-1960s. It was designated as a bird sanctuary in 1956 and recognized as a Ramsar site in 1981. In 1982, it was established as a national park and inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985. A socio-ecological study was carried out in the adjoining areas of KNP to assess the perception of children towards water and KNP. The paper highlights the historical perspective of water management in Bharatpur and its importance for the betterment of the unique ecosystem that is KNP. Further, change in the perception towards water through community management of water resources is discussed along with resolving local water problems through sustainable natural solutions with the support of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. The community participatory works invoke that the wetland management strategies need to be carefully integrated with land use planning and management at catchment and landscape levels.
5 Lordkipanidze, M.; Bressers, H.; Lulofs, K. 2020. Comparative assessment of water governance in protected areas. Water, 12(3):740. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030740]
Water governance ; Protected areas ; Ecosystems ; Resilience ; Comparative analysis ; National parks ; Water scarcity ; Drought ; Policies ; Authorities ; Case studies / Netherlands / United Kingdom / Alde Feanen National Park / Drents-Friese Wold National Park / Weerribben-Wieden National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049579)
(2.86 MB) (2.86 MB)
This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the governance systems of nature areas in relation to resilience measures in the field of water and nature management. The main question is to identify the key characteristics of governance that influence the resilience of the selected areas. The purpose of this comparative study is to understand and explain how aspects within the governance context influence the success of policy initiatives or measures towards resilience goals. For comparison, the hierarchic method is used. The results of the five case studies are compared: four cases from the Netherlands and one from UK. For the assessment of the governance of selected areas the governance assessment tool is used to systematically assess the relevant elements and qualities of the governance contexts and to understand the circumstances for the implementation of adaptive measures. The results of the comparison reveal different combinations of the governance qualities creating, to some extent, the setting for the resilience of the areas in which external factors and continuous interaction between layers of the governance system influence the adaptive capacity of the governance to manage resilience.
6 Hassaballah, K.; Mohamed, Y.; Omer, A.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan. 2020. Modelling the inundation and morphology of the seasonally flooded Mayas Wetlands in the Dinder National Park-Sudan. Environmental Processes, 7(3):723-747. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00444-5]
Wetlands ; Floodplains ; Flooding ; Hydrodynamics ; Modelling ; Hydrological factors ; Morphology ; Water levels ; Sediment ; Erosion ; Canals ; Rivers ; National parks ; Ecosystems / Sudan / Dinder River / Dinder National Park / Mayas Wetlands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049807)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40710-020-00444-5.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049807.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049807.pdf
(2.83 MB) (2.83 MB)
Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water in varied, remote and inaccessible isolated floodplain lakes is difficult. Seasonal inundation patterns of these isolated lakes can be misestimated in a hydrodynamic model due to the short time of connectivity. The seasonal and annual variability of the Dinder River flow has great impact on what is so called Mayas wetlands, and hence, on the habitats and the ecological status of the Dinder National Park. This variability produces large morphological changes due to sediment transported within the river or from the upper catchment, which affects inflows to Mayas wetlands and floodplain inundation in general. In this paper, we investigated the morphological dimension using a quasi-3D modelling approach to support the management of the valuable Mayas wetlands ecosystems, and in particular, assessment of hydrological and morphological regime of the Dinder River as well as the Musa Maya. Six scenarios were developed and tested. The first three scenarios consider three different hydrologic conditions of average, wet and dry years under the existing system with the constructed connection canal. While the other three scenarios consider the same hydrologic conditions but under the natural system without an artificial connection canal. The modelling helps to understand the effect of human intervention (connection canal) on the Musa Maya. The comparison between the simulated scenarios concludes that the hydrodynamics and sedimentology of the Maya are driven by the two main factors: a) the hydrological variability of Dinder River; and b) deposited sediment plugs in the connection canal.
7 Loc, H. H.; Park, E.; Thu, T. N.; Diep, N. T. H.; Can, N. T. 2021. An enhanced analytical framework of participatory GIS for ecosystem services assessment applied to a Ramsar wetland site in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Ecosystem Services, 48:101245. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101245]
Ecosystem services ; Assessment ; Participatory approaches ; Geographical information systems ; Wetlands ; National parks ; Nature reserves ; Land cover ; Mapping ; Spatial analysis ; Decision making ; Communities ; Deltas / Vietnam / Mekong Delta / U Minh Thuong National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050295)
(11.50 MB)
Public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), though proven valuable in ecosystem services (ES) research, is occasionally criticized for being expensive in terms of time, cost and administration efforts in case the post-hoc sophisticated spatial analytics/statistics are targeted. This study, based on the enhancement of the pre-developed PPGIS analytical framework, seeks to address these critiques by introducing an in-expensive effective data collection strategy, while substantially facilitating geo-spatial analytics. The U Minh Thuong National Park (UMTNP) in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, a world’s renowned Ramsar site, was chosen to demonstrate the framework. The respondents participated in the participatory mapping on paper maps, using color markers to hand-draw (as polygons) their self-perceived areas associated with different categories ES. By collecting 2D data, the post-hoc spatial analyses could have utilized more meaningful statistical methods. In this study, we introduced the uses of three methods: Ordinary least squares (OLS), Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Moran’s I to assess the spatial autocorrelation of ES across the landscape. In addition to participatory mapping, the respondents were also engaged in completing a semi-structured questionnaire, which was subsequently analyzed using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. These two multivariate analyses serve to reveal the structured diversity of the people’s perceptions towards the importance of different ES. It was shown that Provisioning ES was the most highly regarded benefit, followed by Regulating, Supporting and Cultural. Regulating and Supporting ES, the two indirect material services share relatively similar appreciation patterns while Cultural ES was unexpectedly the least credited, a stark contrast lineagainst the government designated eco-tourism and historical functions of UMTNP. Geographically, the core areas of the national park have the most overlaps between Provisioning and Regulating services. Supporting services, on the other hand, were the most associated with Provisioning and Regulating services in peripheral areas. Cultural services were synergized with the other three types of ES in the areas reserved for eco-tourism activities. The revealed spatial synergies can determine the areas where potential conflicts between extractive and non-extractive uses could occur, contributing insights for sustainable management of UMTNP and other protected areas worldwide. In addition, this study also contributes to promoting the PPGIS method in ES research and other human geographical studies, those relying on community participation.
8 Marandi, M.; Parida, B. R.; Ghosh, Surajit. 2022. Retrieving vegetation biophysical parameters and GPP [Gross Primary Production] using satellite-driven LUE [Light Use Efficiency] model in a national park. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(7):9118-9138. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01815-0]
Normalized difference vegetation index ; Photosynthetically active radiation ; Air temperature ; Moisture ; Leaf Area Index ; Land use ; Land cover ; National parks ; Satellite observation ; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ; Models / India / Assam / Dibru Saikhowa National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050796)
(3.70 MB)
The terrestrial biosphere plays an active role in governing the climate system by regulating carbon exchange between the land and the atmosphere. Analysis of vegetation biophysical parameters and gross primary production (GPP) makes it convenient to monitor vegetation's health. A light use efficiency (LUE) model was employed to estimate daily GPP from satellite-driven data and environmental factors. The LUE model is driven by four major variables, namely normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, and moisture for which both satellite-based and ERA5-Land data were applied. In this study, the vegetation health of Dibru Saikhowa National Park (DSNP) in Assam has been analyzed through vegetation biophysical and biochemical parameters (i.e., NDVI, EVI, LAI, and chlorophyll content) using Sentinel-2 data. Leaf area index (LAI) varied between 1 and 5.2, with healthy forests depicted LAI more than 2.5. Daily GPP was estimated for January (winter) and August (monsoon) 2019 for tropical evergreen and deciduous forest types. A comparative analysis of GPP for two seasons has been performed. In January, GPP was found to be 3.6 gC m-2 day-1, while in August, GPP was 5 gC m-2 day-1. The outcome of this study may be constructive to forest planners to manage the National Park so that net carbon sink may be attained in DSNP.
9 Patabendige, K. M. K.; Amarasinghe, M. D.; Ratnayake, R. M. C. S.; Dahanayaka, D. D. G. L. 2023. Impact of climate and irrigation practices on hydrological aspects of Bundala wetlands in Sri Lanka. Irrigation and Drainage, 72(3):696-705. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2797]
Wetlands ; Coastal areas ; Irrigation ; Rain ; Flooding ; Water levels ; Salinity ; Climate change ; Vegetation ; Water quality ; Freshwater ; Drainage water ; National parks ; Lagoons / Sri Lanka / Bundala / Lunugamvehera / Bundala Wetlands / Embilikala Lagoon / Malala Lagoon / Kirindi Oya / Malala Oya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051732)
(0.62 MB)
Bundala wetlands are the first to be declared a Ramsar wetland reserve in Sri Lanka. Two wetlands of this complex have transformed from seasonally inundated saline areas into permanent freshwater ecosystems, resulting in spatial and temporal changes that presumably have favoured plant invasions. We hypothesized that climate/rainfall changes and irrigation practices would be the most potential drivers of this change, and the objective of this research is to empirically determine the influence of rainfall and irrigation practices in the catchment on inundation pattern and plant nutrient availability that could potentially change ecology of these wetlands. Monthly rainfall data for the Bundala area (1988–2017) from Sri Lanka's meteorological department were analysed by parametric and nonparametric statistical methods, and a statistically significant change in rainfall was not discernible, confirming climate change is unlikely to be a driver to increase the lagoon water level. Irrigation data analysis revealed that these wetlands receive nearly 1.28 × 107 m3 of irrigation drainage annually from an irrigation scheme in the immediate catchment, which has resulted in decreased salinity, while inundation and plant nutrient content increased, changing the wetlands' ecology and socioeconomic status of the dependent rural communities.
10 Gulte, E.; Tadele, H.; Haileslassie, Amare; Mekuria, Wolde. 2023. Perception of local communities on protected areas: lessons drawn from the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. Ecosystems and People, 19(1):2227282. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2227282]
Protected areas ; Local communities ; Attitudes ; National parks ; Benefit-sharing mechanisms ; Biodiversity conservation ; Community organizations ; Participatory management ; Planning ; Economic benefits ; Income generation ; Awareness-raising ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Livestock ; Ecotourism ; Livelihoods ; Household surveys / Ethiopia / Bale Mountains National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052099)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/26395916.2023.2227282?needAccess=true&role=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052099.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052099.pdf
(2.79 MB) (2.79 MB)
A study targeting the Bale Mountains National Park in Ethiopia was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of local communities’ opinion on benefits and disbenefits of protected areas and existing benefit-sharing mechanisms and to suggest future research for development direction related to the management of protected areas. Household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were tools used to collect data. The results obtained through the analysis of the factors affecting the attitude of local communities on the park and its management demonstrated that efforts should be concentrated on improving communication with local communities and short-term economic benefits as well as identifying the reasons for the unhealthy relationships and addressing them. These issues can partly be addressed through creating and supporting effective and functioning multistakeholder platforms for dialogue and co-production of knowledge, continuous meetings and awareness-raising campaigns and integrating more income-generating activities. The results also suggested that park management and government authorities use their authority to decide how local communities should participate in Bale Mountains National Park management initiatives. Such a top-down approach affects the sustainability of the efforts to conserve protected areas because local stakeholders lack incentives to participate. This also leads to inadequate understanding of the complex relationships between people and protected areas they depend on and the inability to tailor management responses to specific needs and conditions. The study discussed the implications of the results for future planning and management of protected areas and forwarded recommendations for policy and future research for development directions.
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