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1 Hutapea, R.; Dirjasanyata, P.; Nordholt, N. G. S. 1978. The organization of farm-level irrigation in Indonesia. In IRRI, Irrigation policy and management in Southeast Asia. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute. pp.167-174.

Water user associations ; Irrigation management ; Social aspects ; Tertiary level irrigation / Indonesia

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G570 IRR Record No: J 68)

Four systems of farm-level irrigation management in Indonesia are the Balinese irrigator group subak, the village ditch tender ulu-ulu desa, the canal ditch tender ulu-ulu pembagian, and the more recent Central Javanese water management group dharma tirta. A review of the historical development of these water management systems and recent case studies of each system suggest five factors that influence the effectiveness of farm-level irrigation services: (1) the congruence of the boundaries of irrigation groups, irrigation command areas, and village jurisdictions; (2) coordinated organizational responsibility for irrigation; (3) the nature of village values and leadership and the extent of economic and social disparity within villages; (4) the perception by irrigators of who owns their water supplies; and (5) uniformity in the structure of irrigation organizations and the speed at which they are introduced.