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1 Adimassu, Zenebe; Kessler, A. 2016. Factors affecting farmers’ coping and adaptation strategies to perceived trends of declining rainfall and crop productivity in the central Rift valley of Ethiopia. Environmental Systems Research, 5(1):1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-016-0065-2]
Crop production ; Crop yield ; Rift valleys ; Farmer participation ; Adaptation ; Rain ; Rainfed farming ; Land ownership ; Households / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047531)
(1.39 MB)
Background: Farmers apply several and often different farmer-specific strategies to cope with and adapt to the perceived trend of declining rainfall and crop productivity. A better understanding of the factors affecting farmers’ coping and adaptation strategies to counteract both trends is crucial for policies and programs that aim at promoting successful rainfed agriculture in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to identify the major factors that affect farmers’ coping and adaption strategies to rainfall variability and reduction in crop yield in the central Rift valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. A survey was conducted among 240 randomly selected farmers within six kebeles in the CRV using structured and pretested questionnaires. Multivariate probit (MVP) regression model was used to identify these key factors that affect farmers’ coping and adaptation strategies to the declining trends of rainfall and crop productivity.
Results: Generally, this study identified several factors that affect farmers’ choices of certain strategies, which can be grouped in four major factors: (1) livestock and landholdings, (2) availability of labour and knowledge, (3) access to information, and (4) social and cultural factors. Farmers with better resources, labour, knowledge, access to information and social capital had better coping and adaptation strategies to the declining rainfall and crop productivity.
Conclusions: To conclude, improving farmers’ asset accumulation, access to information and knowledge are needed. Moreover, strengthening social capital and labour sharing institutions in the CRV is crucial to increase farmers’ capacities to cope with and adapt to environmental changes such as rainfall and crop yield variability.
Results: Generally, this study identified several factors that affect farmers’ choices of certain strategies, which can be grouped in four major factors: (1) livestock and landholdings, (2) availability of labour and knowledge, (3) access to information, and (4) social and cultural factors. Farmers with better resources, labour, knowledge, access to information and social capital had better coping and adaptation strategies to the declining rainfall and crop productivity.
Conclusions: To conclude, improving farmers’ asset accumulation, access to information and knowledge are needed. Moreover, strengthening social capital and labour sharing institutions in the CRV is crucial to increase farmers’ capacities to cope with and adapt to environmental changes such as rainfall and crop yield variability.
2 Abraham, T.; Liu, Y.; Tekleab, S.; Hartmann, A. 2023. Climate change potentially induces ecological change in the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes Basin. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 50:101543. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101543]
Climate change ; Stream flow ; Rift valleys ; Watersheds ; Indicators ; Ecological factors ; Climate models ; Environmental flows ; Riparian environments ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Uncertainty / Ethiopia / Rift Valley Lakes Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052439)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581823002306/pdfft?md5=af3d1b3295086854cc7849eb78491dc7&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581823002306-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052439.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052439.pdf
(9.12 MB) (9.12 MB)
Streamflow regime management is critical for preserving species in riverine and riparian habitats. Quantifying flow-ecology relationships can help to characterize the effect of flow regime change on species; however, dealing with this in ungauged catchments is challenging. By regionalizing simulation of streamflow to ungauged catchments, the Indicators of Hydrological Alterations (IHA) are calculated and used as a proxy for quantifying ecological impacts. High-resolution Regional Climate Models are used to derive the future streamflow in both gauged and ungauged catchments of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes Basin (RVLB). Consequently, 32 IHAs representing the magnitude, duration, frequency, rate, and timing of streamflow events during their historical and future periods are calculated. The number of cases for future IHAs deviating from their historical range is calculated, which is called the non-attainment rate of future IHAs. A threshold value for the non-attainment rate is set to classify the impact as no-impact, low, medium, or high. The non-attainment rate for the future period indicates that, high ecological impact resulted in October, which is the local high flow month. Spatially, a shift towards a later date of the Julian date indicating the maximum flow resulted in a high ecological impact. This approach can be adapted to other regions with reliable regionalization results and suitable future climate models, which would be useful for the quantification and management of ecological impacts in ungauged regions.
3 Wabela, K.; Hammani, A.; Tekleab, S.; Taky, A. 2024. Farmers’ perception on technical and irrigation water user associations (IWUAs) performance of selected small-scale irrigation schemes in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 10(9):11. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00989-x]
Small-scale irrigation ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation management ; Irrigated farming ; Water user associations ; Farmers ; Institutions ; Rift valleys ; Water allocation ; Household surveys ; Water distribution systems ; Water scarcity ; Food security / Ethiopia / Twelve River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052744)
(0.80 MB)
Local irrigation institutions are crucial for effectively managing and sustaining irrigation schemes. This study assessed the farmers' perceptions on technical and irrigation water user associations' (IWUAs) management performance of selected irrigation schemes in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Four small-scale irrigation (SSI) schemes, namely, Furfuro, Murtute, Bedene Alemtena (hereafter referred to as Bedene), and Sibisto, were selected for this study. Data were collected using scheme performance reports, household surveys, key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGD) with various stakeholders, and field observations. Results showed that the reliability and water delivery performance of Furfuro and Sibisto were rated as good by 52% and 41% of respondents, respectively, and poor by 22% and 25%. In Murtute and Bedene, 73% and 51% of respondents, respectively, said that the reliability and water delivery performance were poor, and 11% and 21% rated them as good. Similarly, in Murtute and Bedene, 32% and 37% of respondents, respectively, said that the water allocation was seriously unfair, and 50% and 43% said that they occasionally see unfairness. Although the severity of the problems varies between schemes, the operation, maintenance, and water allocation systems of all schemes were unsatisfactory. The general observation of participants in FGD, KII, and household surveys indicated that the IWUAs were unable to manage the schemes based on the outlined rules and regulations. Lack of training and financial constraints affected the IWUA's ability to manage the schemes properly. In general, poor market access, high input costs, and inefficient irrigation management systems impacted the irrigation production in the study area.
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