Your search found 34 records
1 Young, W. J.; Anwar, Arif; Bhatti, Tousif; Borgomeo, Edoardo; Davies, S.; Garthwaite, W. R. III; Gilmont, M.; Leb, C.; Lytton, L.; Makin, Ian; Saeed, B. 2019. Pakistan: getting more from water. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 191p. (Water Security Diagnostics)
Water security ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water governance ; Water policy ; Groundwater management ; Agricultural water use ; Water productivity ; Water availability ; Water allocation ; Water balance ; Water demand ; Water quality ; Water extraction ; Institutional reform ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigated sites ; Irrigated farming ; Water supply ; Hydropower ; Energy ; Nexus ; Environmental sustainability ; Legal frameworks ; Law reform ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Income ; Sanitation ; Climate change ; Flood control ; Risk reduction ; Planning ; Rivers ; Reservoirs ; Dams ; Sediment ; Political aspects ; Monitoring ; Models / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab / Sindh / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Balochistan / Karachi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049423)
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/251191548275645649/pdf/133964-WP-PUBLIC-ADD-SERIES-22-1-2019-18-56-25-W.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049423.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049423.pdf
(9.43 MB) (9.43 MB)
This report builds on prior work to provide a new, comprehensive, and balanced view of water security in Pakistan, stressing the importance of the diverse social, environmental, and economic outcomes from water. The report highlights the complex water issues that Pakistan must tackle to improve water security and sheds new light on conventional assumptions around water. It seeks to elevate water security as an issue critical for national development. The report assesses current water security and identifies important water-related challenges that may hinder progress in economic and human development. It identifies unmitigated water-related risks, as well as opportunities where water can contribute to economic growth and poverty reduction. The report analyzes how the performance and architecture of the water sector are related to broader economic, social, and environmental outcomes. It models alternative economic trajectories to identify where intervention can lead to a more water-secure future. A consideration of water sector architecture and performance and how these determine outcome leads to recommendations for improving aspects of sector performance and adjusting sector architecture for better outcomes. The sector performance analysis considers (a) management of the water resource, (b) delivery of water services, and (c) mitigation of water-related risks. The description of sector architecture considers water governance, infrastructure, and financing.
2 Nepal, S.; Neupane, N.; Belbase, D.; Pandey, Vishnu Prasad; Mukherji, Aditi. 2021. Achieving water security in Nepal through unravelling the water-energy-agriculture nexus. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 37(1):67-93. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1694867]
Water security ; Energy sources ; Food security ; Nexus ; Water availability ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water governance ; Agricultural water use ; Industrial uses ; Domestic water ; Hydropower ; Water supply ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Environmental sustainability ; Irrigated land ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Population growth / Nepal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049496)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2019.1694867?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8wNzkwMDYyNy4yMDE5LjE2OTQ4Njc/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049496.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049496.pdf
(2.65 MB) (2.65 MB)
This article investigates water security in Nepal from the perspective of the water-energy-agriculture (food) nexus, focusing on pathways to water security that originate in actions and policies related to other sectors. It identifies promoting development of Nepal’s hydropower potential to provide energy for pumping as way to improve water security in agriculture. Renewable groundwater reserves of 1.4 billion cubic meters (BCM), from an estimated available balance of 6.9 BCM, could be pumped to irrigate 613,000 ha of rainfed agricultural land in the Terai plains, with a potential direct economic gain of USD 1.1 billion annually and associated benefits including promotion of energy-based industry, food security and local employment. Governance also plays an important role in addressing water security. We conclude that a nexus-based approach is required for effective water management and governance.
3 Ahmadianfar, I.; Zamani, R. 2020. Assessment of the hedging policy on reservoir operation for future drought conditions under climate change. Climatic Change, 159(2):253-268. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02672-y]
Water reservoirs ; Reservoir operation ; Climate change ; Policies ; Drought ; Forecasting ; Agricultural water use ; Water requirements ; Water resources ; Rain ; Water demand ; Sustainability ; Models ; Performance evaluation / Iran Islamic Republic / Jarreh Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049557)
(1.05 MB)
Reservoirs play a fundamental role in enhancing sustainable development and economic circumstances, especially in areas with limited water resources. Recently, experts in water resources management have been faced with global warming and climate change as two critical issues that are causing serious problems in water resources. Accordingly, the current study attempts to evaluate the future climate change impacts on agricultural reservoir operation. The results indicated an increase in mean long-term temperature, decreased reservoir’s inflow, and an increase in the agricultural water requirement for the Jarreh reservoir system in southwestern Iran, during the period of 2025–2054, under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The results also showed a decrease in reliability (37%) and an increase in vulnerability (9%) using standard operation policy (SOP) under future climate conditions. Due to the predicted drought conditions for the study area, a two-dimensional hedging policy is proposed to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. The results of the hedging model indicated an improvement in the performance of indices in comparison with the use of SOP under climate change impacts. Generally, by using the hedging policy, decreased vulnerability (24%) and reduced maximum deficiencies (14%) are expected for future climate changes.
4 Fang, L.; Zhang, L. 2020. Does the trading of water rights encourage technology improvement and agricultural water conservation? Agricultural Water Management, 233:106097 (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106097]
Water rights ; Water market ; Agricultural water use ; Water conservation ; Industrial water use ; Irrigation water ; Technology ; Policies ; Farmers ; Income ; Models / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049550)
(1.13 MB)
Although agricultural irrigation technology in China has been steadily improved for decades, the realized water conservation in the agricultural sector is not as good as expected. This paper examines whether water rights trading can encourage agricultural water conservation through technology improvement. Our fixed effects model specification confirms that water rights trading has a moderation effect on agricultural water conservation via technology improvement. We further identify that the moderation effect is driven by two forces which we label as the “revenue-driven” effect and “industrial water pressure-driven” effect. In general, the revenue effect drives farmers to improve the technology. However, the pressure from industrial water demand has more pronounced effects than the revenue-driven channel. Under the dual pressure of high industrial water consumption and low water endowment, farmers tend actively promote irrigation technology and reduce agricultural water use even if there is no revenue-driven effects. In addition, this paper reveals the existence of bottleneck on the moderated technology improvement, due to the reduced capacity on water rights supply in the agricultural sector.
5 De Souza, M.; Nishimura, Y.; Burke, J.; Cudennec, C.; Schmitter, Petra; Haileslassie, Amare; Smith, Mark; Hulsmann, S.; Caucci, S.; Zhang, L.; Stewart, B. 2020. Agriculture and food security. In UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP); UN-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020: water and climate change. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.78-95.
Climate-smart agriculture ; Food security ; Agricultural water use ; Water management ; Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Water demand ; Farming systems ; Irrigated land ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Land use ; Forestry ; Water scarcity ; Groundwater ; Solar energy ; Irrigation methods ; Technology ; Agricultural production ; Farmers ; Livestock
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049604)
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000372985&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_c5b09e0b-0c7e-42ef-aeb1-b1bae7544e4c%3F_%3D372985eng.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000372985/PDF/372985eng.pdf#page=91
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049604.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049604.pdf
(2.05 MB) (37.7 MB)
This chapter highlights where land–water linkages are expected to become apparent in terms of climate impacts and where practical approaches to land and water management offer scope for both climate adaptation and mitigation though agriculture. It also provides an agricultural perspective from which to further engage the United Nations Climate Change Conference in terms of water management.
6 Jeong, J.; Zhang, X. 2020. Model application for sustainable agricultural water use. Editorial. Agronomy, 10(3):396. (Special issue: Model Application for Sustainable Agricultural Water). [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030396]
Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural water use ; Simulation models ; Crop modelling ; Decision support systems ; Agronomy ; Environmental effects ; Uncertainty
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049589)
(0.18 MB) (180 KB)
With the growing population and climate change, increasing demands for water are intensifying competition between agricultural stakeholders. Since the mid-20th century, numerous crop models and modeling techniques have emerged for the quantitative assessment of cropping systems. This article introduces a collection of articles that explore current research in model applications for sustainable agricultural water use. The collection includes articles from model development to regional and field-scale applications addressing management effects, model uncertainty, irrigation decision support systems, and new methods for simulating salt balances. Further work is needed to integrate data science, modern sensor systems, and remote sensing technologies with the models in order to investigate the sustainability of agricultural systems in regions affected by land-use change and climate change.
7 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David. 2020. Viewpoint: water, agriculture and poverty in an era of climate change: why do we know so little? Food Policy, 93:101905. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101905]
Agricultural water use ; Poverty ; Nexus ; Climate change adaptation ; Groundwater extraction ; Water quality ; Water management ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water productivity ; Water pricing ; Water rights ; Farmers ; Economic aspects ; Technology ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049664)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919220301093/pdfft?md5=73af5eea85ee71b890a6faac3a394103&pid=1-s2.0-S0306919220301093-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049664.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049664.pdf
(0.64 MB) (651 KB)
Understanding the complex relationship between water, agriculture and poverty (WAP) is essential for informed policy-making in light of increasing demand for scarce water resources and greater climatic variability. Yet, our understanding of the WAP nexus remains surprisingly undeveloped and dispersed across multiple disciplines due to conceptual (biophysical and economic) and measurement issues. We argue that water for agriculture will need to be better managed for it to contribute to reductions in poverty and vulnerabilities. Moreover, this management will need to consider not just quantities of water, but the quality of the water and the multiple agricultural and non-agricultural uses. For this reason, expanding research in WAP needs to involve interdisciplinary efforts. We identify three key knowledge gaps in WAP that are particularly pressing in light of greater climatic variability. These are climate change adaptation, over-abstraction of groundwater, and water quality.
8 Cao, X.; Cui, S.; Shu, R.; Wu, M. 2020. Misestimation of water saving in agricultural virtual water trade by not considering the role of irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 241:106355. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106355]
Virtual water ; Trade ; Exports ; Water conservation ; Agricultural water use ; Estimation ; Agricultural products ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation water / China / Heilongjiang / Guangdong
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049816)
(0.66 MB)
Water saving by agricultural virtual water trade (VWT) is regarded as a new way to address water shortage, and many studies have considered it at local and global scales. However, the existing calculation methods do not consider how agricultural products should be produced in export and import areas without crop trade. We believe that three facts related to irrigation should be considered in water saving in agricultural VWT evaluation: 1) arable land is highly restricted, 2) irrigation increases crop yield significantly, and 3) green water does not require cost. The role of irrigation, which is important for both the export and import region, is very important for determining how to cultivate crops without virtual water trade. In the case of grain VWT between Heilongjiang and Guangdong, China, the national blue water saving in 2010 with this consideration was -2562.1 Mm³ (water loss), whereas the figure was 975 Mm³ under the existing calculation framework. Therefore, there is a possibility that VWT can be used in agricultural development and water management decision-making while considering the role of irrigation.
9 Yan, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Liu, J.; Wang, H.; Li, D. 2020. Water use characteristics and impact factors in the Yellow River Basin, China. Water International, 45(3):148-168. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1743565]
River basins ; Domestic water ; Industrial water use ; Agricultural water use ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Water policy ; Precipitation ; Socioeconomic development ; Sustainability / China / Yellow River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049894)
(2.43 MB)
This study focuses on the water use characteristics and impact factors in the Yellow River basin. Water use increased from 1980 to 2000 and then stabilized. Water use in the eight regions of the basin varies significantly in both time and space. Water use in different sectors is sensitive to variations in the irrigation area, industrial added value, efficiency, population and urbanization. Change trends are the results of the joint effects of supply-and-demand relationship and water policy. Water use is insensitive to precipitation, because irrigation mainly relies on river water and groundwater
10 Allan, T.; Bromwich, B.; Keulertz, M.; Colman, A. (Eds.) 2019. The Oxford handbook of food, water and society. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. 926p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001]
Food systems ; Water systems ; Society ; Food security ; Water security ; Food supply chains ; Value chains ; Water resources ; Water management ; Virtual water ; Water footprint ; Agricultural water use ; Agricultural trade ; Conservation agriculture ; Irrigation management ; Water scarcity ; Natural capital ; Political aspects ; Policies ; Municipal water ; Water demand ; Pollution prevention ; Agricultural production ; Transformation ; Wheat ; Coffee industry ; Rice ; Oil palms ; Meat ; Beef ; Pricing ; Pesticides ; Farmers ; Water user associations ; Gender ; Feminization ; Household consumption ; Diet ; Hunger ; Malnutrition ; Obesity ; Poverty ; Sustainability ; Technology ; Subsidies ; Ecosystem services ; Infrastructure ; Drought ; Flooding ; Soil erosion ; Semiarid zones ; Arid zones ; Drylands ; WTO ; Modelling / Africa / Mediterranean Region / North America / Western Asia / United Kingdom / England / Wales / USA / Brazil / Australia / Jordan / Israel / South Africa / California / Cape Town / Sonoran Desert
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H049524)
(1.26 MB)
Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
11 Chen, Y.; Fang, G.; Hao, H.; Wang, X. 2020. Water use efficiency data from 2000 to 2019 in measuring progress towards SDGs in Central Asia. Big Earth Data, 14p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2020.1851891]
Water use efficiency ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Agricultural water use ; Water resources ; Evapotranspiration ; Ecosystems ; Remote sensing ; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer ; Datasets / Central Asia / Kazakhstan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050142)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20964471.2020.1851891?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050142.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050142.pdf
(5.50 MB) (5.50 MB)
Central Asia, located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, is characterized with sparse rainfall, frequent droughts and low water use efficiency. Limited water resources have become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of this region. Accurately assessing the efficiency of water resources utilization is the first step to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Central Asia. However, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the evaluation of water use efficiency is difficult due to low data availability and poor consistency. To fill this gap, this paper developed a Water Use Efficiency dataset (WUE) based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Gross Primary Production (GPP) data and the MODIS evapotranspiration (ET) data. The WUE dataset ranges from 2000 to 2019 with a spatial resolution of 500 m. The agricultural WUE was then extracted based on the Global map of irrigated areas and MODIS land use map. As a complementary, the water use amount per GDP was estimated for each country. The present dataset could reflect changes in water use efficiency of agriculture and other sectors.
12 de Jong, I. H.; Arif, S. S.; Gollapalli, P. K. R.; Neelam, P.; Nofal, E. R.; Reddy, K. Y.; Rottcher, K.; Zohrabi, N. 2021. Improving agricultural water productivity with a focus on rural transformation. Irrigation and Drainage, 70(3):458-469. (Special issue: Development for Water, Food and Nutrition Security in a Competitive Environment. Selected Papers of the 3rd World Irrigation Forum, Bali, Indonesia) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2451]
Agricultural water use ; Water productivity ; Rural development ; Transformation ; Water management ; Water conservation ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation efficiency ; Water security ; Institutions ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050480)
(5.51 MB)
As a result of population growth, economic development and climate change, feeding the world and providing water security will require important changes in the technologies, institutions, policies and incentives that drive present-day water management, as captured in Goal 6.4 of the Millennium Development Goals. Irrigation is the largest and most inefficient water user, and there is an expectation that even small improvements in agricultural water productivity will improve water security.
This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them.
Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields.
This paper argues that improvements in irrigation water productivity involves a complex and comprehensive rural transformation that goes beyond mere promotion of water saving technologies. Many of the measures to improve water productivity require significant changes in the production systems of farmers and in the support provided to them.
Looking forward, water use and competition over water are expected to further increase. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. Demand for water will rise exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain, prompting the need for significant shifts of inter-sectoral water allocation to support continued economic growth. Advances in the use of remote sensing technologies will make it increasingly possible to cost-effectively and accurately estimate crop evapotranspiration from farmers’ fields.
13 Yu, Winston; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; von Gnechten, Rachel; van der Bliek, Julie. 2021. Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?. White paper. Rome, Italy: FAO. 41p.
Water productivity ; Water scarcity ; Agricultural water use ; Water allocation ; Water accounting ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Climate change ; Food security ; Water policies ; Policy making ; Stakeholders ; Farmers
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050553)
(5.12 MB) (5.12 MB)
14 von Gnechten, Rachel; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; van der Bliek, Julie; Yu, Winston. 2021. Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?. Report of the workshop organized by the WASAG (Global Framework on Water Scarcity in Agriculture) Working Group on Sustainable Agricultural Water Use, Valenzano, Italy, 25-27 February 2020. Rome, Italy: FAO. 35p.
Water productivity ; Water scarcity ; Agricultural water use ; Water allocation ; Water accounting ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water resources ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Irrigation efficiency ; Climate change ; Water policies ; Policy making ; Farmers ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050554)
(2.20 MB) (2.20 MB)
15 Li, M.; Cao, X.; Liu, D.; Fu, Q.; Li, T.; Shang, R. 2021. Sustainable management of agricultural water and land resources under changing climate and socio-economic conditions: a multi-dimensional optimization approach. Agricultural Water Management, 259:107235. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107235]
Agricultural water use ; Water management ; Land resources ; Climate change ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Sustainable development ; Water security ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Water allocation ; Surface water ; Irrigation water ; Water footprint ; Decision making ; Economic development ; Models / China / Songhua River Basin / Heilongjiang / Harbin / Hegang / Shuangyashan / Yichun / Jiamusi / Qitaihe / Mudanjiang / Suihua
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050756)
(5.27 MB)
Conflict between limited water supply and the ever-increasing water demand poses the challenge of synergetic management of agricultural water and land resources (AWLR). Sustainable development strategy and changing environment increase the multi-dimensional characteristic and complexity of the management of AWLR. This paper establishes a model framework for the multi-dimensional optimization of AWLR in a changing environment. The model framework is advantageous of: (1) Comprehensively allocating water and land resources on the basis of clarifying their interactions; (2) Balancing incompatible goals from multiple dimensions including resources, society, economy, ecology, and environment; (3) proposing alternative allocation schemes of AWLR that can response to the changing environment of both natural and socio-economic changes. Allocation schemes of AWLR based on the model framework are generated, analyzed and evaluated. The comprehensiveness, equilibrium, and security of multi-dimensional targets help obtain the optimum adaptation allocation plans of AWLR to cope with changing environment. The real-world case study in Songhua River Basin in Northeast China verifies the feasibility and practicality of the model framework. The study found that the model framework can manage AWLR in a sustainable way and meanwhile provide decision makers alternatives plans of AWLR for different natural and social changing environments, which will further contribute to the alleviation of agricultural water scarcity and the promotion of agricultural sustainable development.
16 Mehta, L.; Oweis, T.; Ringler, C.; Schreiner, B.; Varghese, S. 2020. Water for food security, nutrition and social justice. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. 201p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351747622]
Water management ; Food security ; Water governance ; Social rights ; Human rights ; Right to water ; Right to food ; Nutrition ; Irrigated farming ; Hygiene ; Water productivity ; Land productivity ; Water distribution systems ; Drinking water ; Hydropower ; Water scarcity ; Water security ; Water allocation ; Water quality ; Agricultural production ; Livelihoods ; Evapotranspiration ; Infrastructure ; Political aspects ; Irrigation water ; Water supply ; Water availability ; Households ; Food production ; Communities ; Livestock ; Rainfed farming ; Gender ; Women ; Sustainable development ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Water use ; Agricultural water use ; Water policies ; Irrigation systems ; Rainwater harvesting ; Soil water ; Decision making ; Agroecology ; Water footprint ; Agreements / Jordan / Syrian Arab Republic / South Africa / China / India / Middle East / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H050696)
17 Nzeyimana, L.; Danielsson, A.; Andersson, L.; Gyberg, V. B. 2021. Success and failure factors for increasing Sub-Saharan African smallholders’ resilience to drought through water management. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 22p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2021.1991285]
Drought ; Resilience ; Water management ; Smallholders ; Transformation ; Agricultural water use ; Climate change ; Communities ; Political aspects / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050817)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07900627.2021.1991285
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050817.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050817.pdf
(2.65 MB) (2.65 MB)
This article analyses the success and failure factors underlying smallholder farmers’ resilience to drought in Sub-Saharan Africa based on a literature review of the period 2007–19. The analysis is guided by transformation theory, which states that transformation requires adequate preconditions in three spheres: practical, political and personal. While significant progress has occurred in the practical sphere, only moderate change characterizes the political sphere, and the most limited progress is within the personal sphere. We argue that increasing drought resilience requires innovative solutions, including components from all transformation spheres. Interactions with local stakeholders and the empowerment of smallholder farmers are essential.
18 Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Yu, W.; Schmitter, Petra; Smith, Douglas Mark. 2022. Optimising the water we eat - rethinking policy to enhance productive and sustainable use of water in agri-food systems across scales. Lancet Planetary Health, 6(1):E59-E65. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00264-3]
Agricultural water use ; Sustainable use ; Water use efficiency ; Agrifood systems ; Policies ; Agricultural production ; Food production ; Food security ; Water resources ; Water scarcity ; Water productivity ; Water management ; Groundwater ; Water users ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Sustainable Development Goals
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050852)
https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2542-5196%2821%2900264-3
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050852.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050852.pdf
(0.18 MB) (184 KB)
Sustainable and resilient food systems depend on sustainable and resilient water management. Resilience is characterised by overlapping decision spaces and scales and interdependencies among water users and competing sectors. Increasing water scarcity, due to climate change and other environmental and societal changes, makes putting caps on the consumption of water resources indispensable. Implementation requires an understanding of different domains, actors, and their objectives, and drivers and barriers to transformational change. We suggest a scale-specific approach, in which agricultural water use is embedded in a larger systems approach (including natural and human systems). This approach is the basis for policy coherence and the design of effective incentive schemes to change agricultural water use behaviour and, therefore, optimise the water we eat.
19 Lu, C.; Ji, W.; Hou, M.; Ma, T.; Mao, J. 2022. Evaluation of efficiency and resilience of agricultural water resources system in the Yellow River Basin, China. Agricultural Water Management, 266:107605. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107605]
Agricultural water use ; Water use efficiency ; Water resources ; Resilience ; River basins ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Sustainable development ; Economic development ; Agricultural production ; Models / China / Yellow River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051000)
(7.55 MB)
Resilience and efficiency are the core concepts of sustainable management of agricultural water resources system. This study constructed an evaluation system of the efficiency and resilience of agricultural water resources system (EAWRS, RAWRS) in the Yellow River Basin by comprehensively applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy method (EVM), SBM-DEA model, and the development coordination model. The results showed that: (1) From 2005–2019, the EAWRS and RAWRS showed a fluctuating upward trend. The EAWRS increased significantly, especially the Baihe, Heihe, Luohe and Wudinghe river basins grew at a faster rate. However, the overall efficiency levels were still not high, and all the 72 prefecture-level administrative units were inefficient areas. The RAWRS was at a relatively low level, in which the Huangshui, Taohe and Qingshuihe river basins had rapid growth in resilience. (2) From the perspective of spatial differentiation characteristics, the EAWRS in Sichuan, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shandong was relatively high, while that in Gansu, Shanxi and Ningxia was relatively low. The prefecture-level administrative units of the upstream river source area, Hetao Irrigation District, Fenwei Plain and Huanghuaihai Plain had a relatively high EAWRS. The RAWRS in the lower reaches was significantly better than that in the upper and middle reaches. (3) The development degree of the agricultural water resources system has gone through a process of rapid rise (2005–2013) - fluctuating growth (2014–2017) - rise (2018–2019), showing an "upstream-midstream-downstream" stepwise increasing pattern. The coordination degree of the agricultural water resources system showed a downward trend, and the decrease showed an "upstream-downstream-midstream" increasing pattern. (4) The three clusters divided by the average value of the development degree and coordination degree of the agricultural water resources system showed the changes from concentration to dispersion, in contrast, the coordination degree was gradually decreased.
20 Shen, J.; Zhao, Y.; Song, J. 2022. Analysis of the regional differences in agricultural water poverty in China: based on a new agricultural water poverty index. Agricultural Water Management, 270:107745. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107745]
Agricultural water use ; Poverty ; Water scarcity ; Water stress ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water governance ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural development ; Indicators / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051250)
(8.51 MB)
China's agricultural water resource utilization contradiction is prominent, and there are obvious differences in the distribution and utilization of water resources among regions. The theory of agricultural water poverty is of great significance to promote the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources and alleviate the contradiction of agricultural water use. However, the definition of the existing agricultural water poverty theory is quite controversial, and the mainstream agricultural water poverty index (AWPI) for measuring agricultural water poverty has disadvantages such as complex index selection and lack of unified weights. In this regard, this research takes the lead in providing a more complete definition of agricultural water poverty with reference to the definition of water poverty. In terms of method, the research refers to the Social Water Stress/Scarcity Index (SWSI) framework and proposes a new agricultural water poverty index from the two aspects of agricultural water scarcity and agricultural development capability. Based on this index, the regional differences in agricultural water poverty in China are analyzed. The main findings of the study: The agricultural water poverty index proposed in this study has rich connotations, is easy to compare objectively between regions and is applicable in the field of agriculture. The regional differences in agricultural water poverty in China are large, the number of areas with serious agricultural water poverty problems is large, and such problems last for a long time. The distribution of agricultural water poverty in China has spatial autocorrelation rather than a random distribution. China's relative agricultural water poverty index fluctuates around high values, the gap in agricultural water poverty between regions has not narrowed, and the contradiction in relative agricultural water poverty is prominent. The occurrence paths of agricultural water poverty in different regions are different, and the situation in different regions should be identified based on the scarcity of agricultural water resources and the development capability of agricultural production. Finally, this study expects to improve agricultural water poverty theory to effectively alleviate the problem of agricultural water poverty in different regions and promote balanced regional development.
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