Your search found 39 records
1 Al-Zoubi, M. M.; Arslan, A.; Abdelgawad, G.; Pejon, N.; Tabbaa, M.; Jouzdan, O. 2008. Effects of sewage sludge on heavy metal accumulation in soil and plants and on crop productivity in Aleppo governorate. In Qadir, Manzoor (Ed.) 2008. Sustainable management of wastewater for agriculture: proceedings of the First Bridging Workshop, Aleppo, Syria, 11-15 November 2007. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) pp.57-62.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H040155)
2 Schwarzenbeck, N.; Bomball, E.; Pfeiffer, W. 2008. Can a wastewater treatment plant be a powerplant?: a case study. Water Science and Technology, 57(10):1555-1561. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.215]
Wastewater treatment ; Sewage sludge ; Anaerobic treatment ; Energy generation ; Electrical energy ; Drying ; Residues ; Organic matter ; Costs
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046105)
(0.43 MB)
Today wastewater treatment plants are evaluated not only in terms of their treatment efficiency but also concerning their energy efficiency. Increasing energy efficiency can be realized either through operational optimisation or by realising an already existing potential for energy generation on-site. The main source of energy at a municipal wastewater treatment plant is the biogas produced in the anaerobic sludge digester. Studies indicate excess digester capacities of about 20% in Germany available for co-fermentation of organic substrates other than sewage sludge. This paper presents an example of a municipal wastewater treatment plant going towards an energy self-sufficient operation and even a surplus energy production as the result of an increasing co-fermentation of sludge from grease skimming tanks. In 2005 on average 113% of the electricity consumed for plant operation was generated on-site in gas engines. Co-fermentation of about 30% (related to the total dry residue input) of grease interceptor sludge in the presented case does not only effect a 4-times increased gas yield, but also an intensified 20% higher anaerobic degradation of the organic matter of the sewage sludge and thus having a positive influence not only on the energy and financial balance but also on the anaerobic sludge stabilisation with respect to the degradation degree of the organic fraction.
3 Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, Munir A. 2015. Business models and economic approaches for nutrient recovery from wastewater and fecal sludge. In Drechsel, Pay; Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, D. (Eds.). Wastewater: economic asset in an urbanizing world. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.247-268.
Business management ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Cost benefit analysis ; Nutrients ; Feaces ; Sewage sludge ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Phosphorus ; Nitrogen ; Composting ; Organic matter ; Organic fertilizers ; Private sector ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H046970)
4 Akoto-Danso, E. K.; Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay; Buerkert, A. 2015. Nutrient and virtual water flow analysis for Tamale, Ghana and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso [Abstract only] In Tielkes, E. (Ed.). Management of land use systems for enhanced food security: conflicts, controversies and resolutions. Book of abstracts. International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Tropentag 2015, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2015. Witzenhausen, Germany: German Institute for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics. pp.158.
Virtual water ; Flow discharge ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Foods ; Urban areas / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047203)
http://www.tropentag.de/2015/abstracts/links/Akoto-Danso_zVtWuGh3.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047203.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047203.pdf
(0.09 MB) (87.42 KB)
Nutrients and virtual water in the form of food and other organic goods are transported from the rural hinterland to urban centres. In particular in developing countries, poor waste management in growing cities and the potential to recover nutrients and water for agricultural production have raised interest in quantifying these flows. What are the quantities of organic materials that enter and leave a city? Which materials carry the most important nutrient and virtual water flows? Where does nutrient and water depletion take place? This study has been conducted within the UrbanFoodPlus project (www.urbanfood plus.org) to assess organic material flows and their quantitative nutrient and virtual water contribution for the cities of Tamale in Ghana and Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Matter flows (unprocessed foodstuff, firewood, fodder, non-timber forest products, etc.) from regional, national and international sources were systematically recorded at all roads leading to Tamale and Ouagadougo. Organic matter from urban sources aand stocks were captured at major markets. The survey has been conducted within two years covering the peak (November) and lean season (April) for six days in a row. The study maps the virtual water and nutrient transfers of different types of traded food products and other organic goods. The results will improve our understanding of the urban metabolism, and may support the development of standardised methodologies for assessing virtual water and nutrient flows.
5 de Zeeuw, H.; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2015. Cities and agriculture: developing resilient urban food systems. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 431p.
Urbanization ; Urban agriculture ; Food policies ; Food industry ; Food security ; Food production ; Food consumption ; Food supply ; Food chains ; Nutrition ; Feeding habits ; Stakeholders ; Developing countries ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Organic matter ; Liquid wastes ; Solid wastes ; Excreta ; Waste treatment ; Wastewater treatment ; Water quality ; Climate change ; Horticulture ; Irrigation systems ; Aalternative agriculture ; Greenhouses ; Livestock ; Forestry ; Agroforestry ; Aquaculture ; Gender ; Equity ; Economic development ; Financing ; Income ; Flood control ; Health hazards ; Public health ; Environmental effects ; Pollution ; Households ; Urban farmers ; Sustainability
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047224)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/cities_and_agriculture-developing_resilient_urban_food_systems.pdf
http://www.ruaf.org/publications/cities-and-agriculture-developing-resilient-urban-food-systems
http://www.ruaf.org/publications/cities-and-agriculture-developing-resilient-urban-food-systems
(20.6 MB)
6 Finlayson, C. M.; McInnes, R. J.; Noble, I. R.; McCartney, Matthew P.; Lachassagne, P. 2015. How can water have a positive impact on climate change?. Book of Knowledge. Geneva, Switzerland: Danone; Evian; Ramsar: 46p.
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Sustainable development ; Water resources ; Water management ; Freshwater ; Water quality ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil moisture ; Erosion ; Stream flow ; Groundwater extraction ; Aquifers ; Living standards ; Permafrost areas ; Glaciers ; Sedimentation ; Hydrological cycle ; Carbon cycle ; Ecosystems ; Wetlands ; Catchment areas ; Organic matter ; Vegetation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047348)
(20.29 MB)
7 Libhaber, M.; Orozco-Jaramillo, A. 2012. Sustainable treatment and reuse of municipal wastewater: for decision makers and practicing engineers. London, UK: IWA Publishing. 557p.
Urban wastes ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Effluents ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water scarcity ; Sustainability ; Appropriate technology ; Organic matter ; Degradation ; Aerobic treatment ; Anaerobic treatment ; Pollutant load ; Chemical control ; Lagoons ; Reservoirs ; Wetlands ; Flow discharge ; Filtration ; Climate change ; Greenhouse gases ; Emission ; Decision making ; Case studies ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.3 G000 LIB Record No: H047417)
(0.67 MB)
8 Almuktar, S. A. A. A. N.; Scholz, M.; Al-Isawi, R. H. K.; Sani, A. 2015. Recycling of domestic wastewater treated by vertical-flow wetlands for irrigating chillies and sweet peppers. Agricultural Water Management, 149:1-22. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.025]
Water reuse ; Domestic water ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water quality ; Contamination ; Vegetable growing ; Chillies ; Sweet peppers ; Growing media ; Organic matter ; Composts ; Nutrient deficiencies ; Constructed wetlands ; Crop yield / UK / Manchester
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047501)
(1.13 MB)
Due to water scarcity in many arid countries, there is considerable interest in recycling various wastewater streams such as treated urban wastewater for irrigation in the agricultural sector. The aim was therefore to assess if domestic wastewater treated by different wetlands can be successfully recycled to water commercially grown crops. The objectives were to assess variables and boundary conditions impacting on the growth of two different types of peppers fed by domestic wastewater pre-treated by diverse mature constructed treatment wetlands. The growth of both Sweet Pepper (California Wonder; cultivar of Capsicum annuum Linnaeus Grossum Group) and Chilli (De Cayenne; C. annuum (Linnaeus) Longum Group ‘De Cayenne’) fed with different treated and untreated wastewater types were assessed. A few plants suffered from either a shortage and/or excess of some nutrients and trace minerals. The overall growth development of Sweet Peppers was poor due to the high concentrations of nutrients and trace minerals. In contrast, Chilies did reasonably well, but the growth of foliage was excessive and the harvest was delayed. High yields were associated with tap water and an organic growth medium, and a wetland with a high aggregate size, leaving sufficient space for biomass. Low fruit numbers correlated well with inorganic growth media and irrigation water contaminated by hydrocarbons. Findings indicate that nutrient concentrations supplied to the Chillies by a combination of compost and treated waste water are usually too high to produce a good harvest. However, as the compost is depleted of nutrients after about eight months, the harvest increased for pots that received pre-treated wastewater. The project contributes to ecological sanitation understanding by closing the loop in the food and water chain. Findings will lead to a better understanding of the effects of different wetland treatment processes on the recycling potential of their outflow waters.
9 Adimassu, Zenebe; Langan, Simon; Johnston, Robyn; Mekuria, Wolde; Amede, T. 2017. Impacts of soil and water conservation practices on crop yield, run-off, soil loss and nutrient loss in Ethiopia: review and synthesis. Environmental Management, 59(1):87-101. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0776-1]
Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Soil fertility ; Soil management ; Crop yield ; Crop production ; Surface runoff ; Erosion ; Erosion control plants ; Nutrients ; Ecosystem services ; Highlands ; Rain ; Organic matter / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047801)
Research results published regarding the impact of soil and water conservation practices in the highland areas of Ethiopia have been inconsistent and scattered. In this paper, a detailed review and synthesis is reported that was conducted to identify the impacts of soil and water conservation practices on crop yield, surface run-off, soil loss, nutrient loss, and the economic viability, as well as to discuss the implications for an integrated approach and ecosystem services. The review and synthesis showed that most physical soil and water conservation practices such as soil bunds and stone bunds were very effective in reducing run-off, soil erosion and nutrient depletion. Despite these positive impacts on these services, the impact of physical soil and water conservation practices on crop yield was negative mainly due to the reduction of effective cultivable area by soil/stone bunds. In contrast, most agronomic soil and water conservation practices increase crop yield and reduce run-off and soil losses. This implies that integrating physical soil and water conservation practices with agronomic soil and water conservation practices are essential to increase both provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Additionally, effective use of unutilized land (the area occupied by bunds) by planting multipurpose grasses and trees on the bunds may offset the yield lost due to a reduction in planting area. If high value grasses and trees can be grown on this land, farmers can harvest fodder for animals or fuel wood, both in scarce supply in Ethiopia. Growing of these grasses and trees can also help the stability of the bunds and reduce maintenance cost. Economic feasibility analysis also showed that, soil and water conservation practices became economically more viable if physical and agronomic soil and water conservation practices are integrated.
10 Grau, Felix; Drechsel, Nikita; Trautz, D.; Weerakody, J.; Ranaweera, B. 2016. Fertiliser derived from fecal sludge in Sri Lanka: analysis of plant nutritional value and heavy metal contamination. Paper presented at the Annual Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural and Natural Resource Management (Tropentag) Conference on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 September 2016. 4p.
Faecal sludge ; Plant nutrition ; Heavy metals ; Contamination ; Organic fertilizers ; Organic carbon ; Organic matter ; Organic wastes ; Urban wastes ; Agricultural wastes ; Waste disposal ; Waste treatment ; Recycling ; Composting ; Sanitation / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047836)
11 Rao, Krishna C.; Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay; Hanjra, Munir A. 2017. Resource recovery and reuse as an incentive for a more viable sanitation service chain. Water Alternatives, 10(2):493-512.
Resource recovery ; Sanitation ; Public health ; Incentives ; Faecal sludge ; Business management ; Cost recovery ; Waste treatment ; Wastewater treatment ; Nutrients ; Private sector ; Public sector ; Stakeholders ; Excreta ; Pit latrines ; Waste disposal ; Composting ; Organic matter / India / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048169)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol10/v10issue2/367-a10-2-17/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048169.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048169.pdf
(1.33 MB)
Recovering nutrients, water and energy from domestic waste streams, including wastewater and faecal sludge, is slowly gaining momentum in low-income countries. Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) offers value beyond environmental benefits through cost recovery. An expected game changer in sanitation service provision is a business model where benefits accrued via RRR can support upstream sanitation services despite the multitude of private and public stakeholders involved from waste collection to treatment. This paper shows options of how resource recovery and reuse can be an incentive for the sustainable sanitation service chain, by recovering costs where revenue can feed back internally or using generated revenues from reuse to fill financial gaps across the service chain to complement other supporting mechanisms for making waste management more attractive.
12 Grau, Felix; Drechsel, Nikita; Haering, V.; Trautz, D.; Weerakkody, W. J. S. K.; Drechsel, Pay; Marschner, B.; Dissanayake, D. M. P. S.; Sinnathamby, V. 2017. Impact of fecal sludge and municipal solid waste co-compost on crop growth of Raphanus Sativus L. and Capsicum Anuum L. under stress conditions. Resources, 6(3):1-12. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources6030026]
Faecal sludge ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Crop improvement ; Raphanus sativus ; Capsicum annuum ; Stress conditions ; Agricultural practices ; Resource recovery ; Organic matter ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Drought ; Nutrients ; Cost benefit analysis / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048191)
(1.15 MB)
Co-composted dewatered faecal sludge (FS) with organic fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW) has a high potential to be used as an agricultural resource in Sri Lanka. In addition to options for cost recovery in waste management, closing the nutrient and carbon cycles between urban and rural areas, substitution of mineral fertilizers, reduced pollution. and the restoration of degraded arable land are possible with important benefits. Up to now little is known about the usage of FS-MSW as fertilizer and it needs to be studied in order to achieve a better understanding and generate application recommendations. The aim of these experiments has been to evaluate the possibility of substituting mineral fertilization. Two field experiments were conducted on sandy loam to assess the effects of MSW compost and FS-MSW co-compost, its pelletized forms, and mineral-enriched FS-MSW on crop growth. As a short-term crop Raphanus sativus “Beeralu rabu” (radish) was studied for 50 days in a randomized complete block design (RCDB). Results show that, under drought conditions, FS-MSW co-compost increased the yield significantly, while MSW and FS-MSW compost enabled the highest survival rate of the plants. Similarly, the second field trial with a long-term crop, Capsicum anuum “CA-8” (capsicum), was planted as RCBD, using the same treatments, for a cultivation period of 120 days. Results display that during a drought followed by water saturated soil conditions co-compost treatments achieved comparable yields and increased the survival rate significantly compared to the control, fertilized with urea, triple super phosphate, and muriate of potash. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) revealed that pelletizing decreased the monetary benefits if only fertilizer value is considered. It can be concluded that, under drought and water stress, co-compost ensures comparable yields and enables more resistance, but might not be economical viable as a one-crop fertilizer. These findings need to be validated with further trials under different climate regimes and soils.
13 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H.; Burke, J. 2017. Water pollution from agriculture: a global review. Executive summary. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 35p.
Water pollution ; Water quality ; Agriculture ; Environmental health ; Livestock production ; Food production ; Food consumption ; Intensification ; Farming systems ; Cropping systems ; Crop production ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Pesticides ; Aquaculture ; Nutrients ; Pollutants ; Salts ; Sediment ; Organic matter ; Pathogens ; Food wastes
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048244)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/wle/fao/water-pollution-from-agriculture-a-global-review.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048244.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048244.pdf
(3.02 MB) (3.02 MB)
14 Houessionon, P.; Fonta, W. M.; Bossa, A. Y.; Sanfo, S.; Thiombiano, N.; Zahonogo, P.; Yameogo, T. B.; Balana, Bedru. 2017. Economic valuation of ecosystem services from small-scale agricultural management interventions in Burkina Faso: a discrete choice experiment approach. Sustainability, 9(9):1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091672]
Ecosystem services ; Economic value ; Sustainable agriculture ; Small scale farming ; Water management ; Resource recovery ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Drip irrigation ; Organic matter ; Climate change ; Farmers attitudes ; Willingness to pay ; Estimation ; Models ; Welfare / Burkina Faso / Ouagadougou / Dano
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048370)
(0.74 MB) (768 KB)
The main purpose of this paper is to estimate farmers’ preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem services derived from four agricultural water management (AWM) and resource recovery and reuse (RRR) intervention options in Burkina Faso, using a choice experiment (CE). These include; small water infrastructure, drip irrigation, recovery of organic matter from waste, and treated wastewater. The design decisions relating to attribute selection, the level of attributes, alternatives and choice tasks were guided by literature, field visits, focus group discussions, expert input and an iterative process of the STATA software to generate an orthogonal main-effects CE design. The data used was generated from a random sample of 300 farm households in the Dano and Ouagadougou municipalities in Burkina Faso. Results from conditional logit, latent class logit and mixt logit models show that farmers have positive and significant preferences for drip irrigation, treated wastewater, and organic matter. However, they are WTP on average more for drip irrigation and organic matter for agricultural sustainability. In line with economic theory, the cost of an intervention reduces demand for a given intervention. These findings can provide policy makers with evidence for agricultural policy design to build farmers’ resilience in the Sahel.
15 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Heinonen-Tanski, H.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Fecal sludge-derived pellet fertilizer in maize cultivation. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 6(3):474-481. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.160]
Faecal sludge ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Maize ; Sanitation ; Composting ; Organic matter ; Pathogens ; Waste treatment ; Pellets ; Cultivation ; Nutrients
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048493)
Fecal sludge (FS) contains significant amounts of plant nutrients and organic matter although it also contains pathogens. Therefore, FS can be used as fertilizer after proper sanitization. This study was designed to test dried fecal sludge (DFS)-based pellet fertilizers on maize cultivation. The DFS fertilizers were produced by composting, co-composting with sawdust, or irradiated by gamma-irradiation, and then nitrogen-enriched and pelletized using gelatinized or gamma-irradiated cassava starch. These DFS pellet fertilizers were compared to each other and to no-fertilization, mineral fertilizer, and agro-industrial waste compost. The fertilizer applications were 150 or 210 kgN/ha. Maize was cultivated in pots containing Cambisol and Ferric Lixisol growth media. The EC-SDFS-PG pellet (DFS + sawdust co-composted, enriched with nitrogen and pelletized) at a rate of 210 kgN/ha produced the highest maize yield (4.4 ton/ha) among all other treatments, while mineral fertilizer produced 3.9 ton/ha. It is concluded that the EC-SDFS-PG pellet produces similar or higher maize yields than mineral fertilizer and more than the agro-industrial compost in both growth media types.
16 Hanjra, Munir A.; Lydecker, M.; Drechsel, Pay; Paul, Johannes. 2018. Rural-urban food and nutrient dynamics and nutrient recovery from waste in developing countries. In Zeunert, J.; Waterman. T. (Eds.). Routledge handbook of landscape and food. Routledge: Oxon, UK. pp.344-365.
Developing countries ; Waste management ; Wastewater irrigation ; Resource recovery ; Rural areas ; Urban areas ; Nutrients ; Food security ; Food production ; Solid wastes ; Faecal sludge ; Landscape ; Organic matter ; Sanitation ; Policy making
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048533)
17 Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay. (Eds.) 2018. Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 816p.
Resource recovery ; Waste management ; Business management ; Models ; Energy management ; Energy generation ; Renewable energy ; Nutrients ; Water reuse ; Low income areas ; Economic aspects ; Sanitation ; agricultural wastes ; Livestock wastes ; Organic wastes ; Organic fertilizers ; Organic matter ; Solid wastes ; Solid fuels ; Urban wastes ; Agricultural waste management ; Briquettes ; Biogas ; Faecal sludge ; Kitchen waste ; Food wastes ; Local communities ; Sustainability ; Industrial wastes ; Municipal authorities ; Abattoirs ; Ethanol ; Sugar industry ; Agroindustry ; Composting ; Cost recovery ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Subsidies ; Carbon credits ; Excreta ; Urine ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Forestry ; Aquaculture ; Farmers ; Fruits ; Wood production ; Financing ; Supply chain ; Fish feeding ; Risk management ; Private sector ; Private investment ; Freshwater ; Deltas ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Downstream / Uganda / Rwanda / India / Kenya / Peru / Brazil / Mexico / Kenya / Thailand / Burkina Faso / Venezuela / Sri Lanka / Egypt / Bangladesh / Tunisia / Morocco / Ghana / Jordan / Iran / Spain / Kampala / Kigali / Sulabh / Nairobi / Santa Rosillo / Koppal / Bihar / Pune / Maharashtra / Mumias / Bangkok / Carabobo / Veracruz / Balangoda / Okhla / Bangalore / Ouagadougou / Mashhad Plain / Llobregat Delta / Tula Aquifer
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048622)
(28.1 MB)
18 Drechsel, Pay; Otoo, Miriam; Rao, Krishna C.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2018. Business models for a circular economy: linking waste management and sanitation with agriculture. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.4-15.
Business management ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Waste management ; Sanitation ; Resource recovery ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Organic wastes ; Food chains ; Environmental health ; Agroindustrial sector ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Energy management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048623)
(1.34 MB)
19 Otoo, Miriam; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Drechsel, Pay; Rao, Krishna C.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Pradhan, S. K.; Hanjra, Munir A.; Qadir, M.; Winkler, M. 2018. Defining and analyzing RRR business cases and models. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.17-31.
Resource recovery ; Business management ; Models ; Case studies ; Assessment ; Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Financing ; Water reuse ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Energy recovery ; Private sector ; Public sector ; Cost recovery ; Risk reduction ; Health hazards ; Environmental impact assessment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048624)
(0.99 MB)
20 Drechsel, Pay; Otoo, Miriam; Rao, Krishna C.; Hanjra, Munir A. 2018. Business models for a circular economy: introduction - Section I. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.4-31.
Business management ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Waste management ; Sanitation ; Resource recovery ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Environmental management ; Environmental health ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Risk management ; Food chains ; Social aspects ; Equity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048697)
(3.63 MB)
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