Your search found 26 records
1 Manohar, K. M.; Rama Rao, K. S. 1989. The concept and management of minor irrigation systems: A study of the gap between perceptions and reality. In Rydzewski, J. R.; Ward, C. F. (Eds.) Irrigation theory and practice. Proceedings of the International Conference, University of Southampton, 12-15 September. London: Pentech Press. pp.702-710.
Water management ; Small scale systems ; Analysis ; Policy ; Irrigation practices / India / Andhra Pradesh / Telangana
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G000 RYD Record No: H07552)
2 Khan, M. A. 1992. Impact of tube-well irrigation and agriculture development. New Delhi, India: Amar Prakashan. 194p.
Tube well irrigation ; Agricultural development ; Crop yield ; Farm income / India / Andhra Pradesh / Godavari / Warangal / Telangana
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.6.3 G635 KHA Record No: H018554)
3 Tom, R. M. 1993. Rural water supply in Andhra Pradesh. In Gupta, N. L.; Gurjar, R. K. (Eds.), Integrated water use management. Jaipur, India: Rawat Publications. pp.154-159.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G635 GUP Record No: H024334)
4 Vakulabharanam, V. 2004. Agricultural growth and irrigation in Telangana: A review of evidence. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(13):1421-1426.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6787 Record No: H034315)
5 Venkatanarayana, M.; Jain, V. 2004. Telangana’s agricultural growth experience. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(22):2319-2320.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6894 Record No: H034965)
6 Rama Mohan, R. V. 2009. Social regulation of groundwater and its relevance to the existing regulatory framework in Andhra Pradesh. In Mukherji, Aditi; Villholth, K. G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Wang, J. (Eds.) Groundwater governance in the Indo-Gangetic and Yellow River basins: realities and challenges. London, UK: CRC Press. pp.231-245. (IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology 15)
Groundwater depletion ; Groundwater management ; Tube wells ; Groundwater irrigation ; Legislation ; Institutions ; Water policy ; Wells / India / Andhra Pradesh / Telangana / Rayalaseema
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G570 MUK Record No: H042232)
7 Starkl, M.; Brunner, N.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Jampani, Mahesh; Kumar, D.; Asolekar, S. R.; Sonkamble, S.; Ahmed, S.; Wajihuddin, M.; Pratyusha, A.; Sarah, S. 2015. Stakeholder views, financing and policy implications for reuse of wastewater for irrigation: a case from Hyderabad, India. Water, 7(1):300-328. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w7010300]
Wastewater irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Wastewater treatment ; Water reuse ; Water pollution ; Stakeholders ; Financing ; Policy ; River basins ; Wetlands ; Farmers ; Vegetables ; Health hazards / India / Hyderabad / Telangana / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046838)
(0.58 MB) (589 KB)
When flowing through Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, India, the Musi River picks up (partially) treated and untreated sewage from the city. Downstream of the city, farmers use this water for the irrigation of rice and vegetables. Treatment of the river water before it is used for irrigation would address the resulting risks for health and the environment. To keep the costs and operational efforts low for the farmers, the use of constructed wetlands is viewed as a suitable option. Towards this end, the paper investigates the interests and perceptions of government stakeholders and farmers on the treatment of wastewater for irrigation and further explores the consumer willingness to pay a higher price for cleaner produced vegetables. Full cost recovery from farmers and consumers cannot be expected, if mass scale treatment of irrigation water is implemented. Instead, both consumers and farmers would expect that the government supports treatment of irrigation water. Most stakeholders associated with the government weigh health and environment so high, that these criteria outweigh cost concerns. They also support the banning of irrigation with polluted water. However, fining farmers for using untreated river water would penalize them for pollution caused by others. Therefore public funding of irrigation water treatment is recommended.
8 Ahmed, S.; Alazard, M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Boisson, A.; Jampani, Mahesh; Pavelic, Paul; Sonkamble, S. 2014. Conceptual model of flow and transport for a hard rock aquifer-Musi River microwatershed case study. Saph Pani Deliverable 3.2. [Project report of the Enhancement of Natural Water Systems and Treatment Methods for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in India (Saph Pani)] Vienna, Austria: Center for Environmental Management and Decision Support (CEMDS). 56p.
Water supply ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Watersheds ; Sustainability ; Aquifers ; Land use ; Land cover ; Surface water ; Geophysics ; Geology ; Rivers ; Discharges ; Pumping ; Groundwater ; Canal irrigation ; Pesticides ; Soils ; Rain ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Monsoon climate ; Electrical conductivity ; Wells ; Case studies / India / Telangana / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046936)
https://zenodo.org/record/127160/files/Saph_Pani_D3.2_Conceptual_model_of_flow_and_transport_for_a_hard_rock_aquifer_Musi_River_microwatershed.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046936.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046936.pdf
(12.4 MB)
9 Brindha, Karthikeyan; Jagadeshan, G.; Kalpana, L.; Elango, L. 2016. Fluoride in weathered rock aquifers of southern India: managed aquifer recharge for mitigation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(9):8302-8316. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6069-7]
Chemical composition ; Fluorides ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Water table ; Water quality ; River basins ; Semiarid zones ; Rain ; Wells ; Dams ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu / Nalgonda District / Telangana / Pambar River Basin / Vaniyar River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047462)
(3.43 MB)
Climatic condition, geology, and geochemical processes in an area play a major role on groundwater quality. Impact of these on the fluoride content of groundwater was studied in three regions-part of Nalgonda district in Telangana, Pambar River basin, and Vaniyar River basin in Tamil Nadu, southern India, which experience semi-arid climate and are predominantly made of Precambrian rocks. High concentration of fluoride in groundwater above 4 mg/l was recorded. Human exposure dose for fluoride through groundwater was higher in Nalgonda than the other areas. With evaporation and rainfall being one of the major contributors for high fluoride apart from the weathering of fluoride rich minerals from rocks, the effect of increase in groundwater level on fluoride concentration was studied. This study reveals that groundwater in shallow environment of all three regions shows dilution effect due to rainfall recharge. Suitable managed aquifer recharge (MAR) methods can be adopted to dilute the fluoride rich groundwater in such regions which is explained with two case studies. However, in deep groundwater, increase in fluoride concentration with increase in groundwater level due to leaching of fluoride rich salts from the unsaturated zone was observed. Occurrence of fluoride above 1.5 mg/l was more in areas with deeper groundwater environment. Hence, practicing MAR in these regions will increase the fluoride content in groundwater and so physica or chemical treatment has to be adopted. This study brought out the fact that MAR cannot be practiced in all regions for dilution of ions in groundwater and that it is essential to analyze the fluctuation in groundwater level and the fluoride content before suggesting it as a suitable solution. Also, this study emphasizes that long-term monitoring of these factors is an important criterion for choosing the recharge areas.
10 Rajesh, R.; Brindha, Karthikeyan; Elango, L. 2015. Groundwater quality and its hydrochemical characteristics in a shallow weathered rock aquifer of southern India. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 7(4):515-524. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-015-0166-6]
Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Hydrology ; Chemical analysis ; Geology ; Surface water ; Aquifers ; Domestic consumption ; Domestic water ; Drinking water ; Elements ; Salinity ; Alkalinity ; Wells / India / Telangana / Nalgonda District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047463)
(2.08 MB)
Suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes as well as its hydrochemical characteristics was estimated in a part of Nalgonda district, Telangana state in southern India. Water samples were collected from 45 wells once every 2 months from March 2008 to January 2010. EC and pH were measured in situ while concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulphate and chloride in groundwater were analysed using ion chromatograph. Carbonate and bicarbonate concentration were determined by acid base titration. General order of dominance of cations in the groundwater of this study area is Na?[Ca2?[Mg2?[ K? while that for anions is HCO3 -[Cl-[SO4-2. Ca–HCO3, Na–Cl, mixed Ca–Na–HCO3 and mixed Ca–Mg–Cl types of groundwater were dominant in this area. Groundwater is generally fresh with medium to high salinity and low alkalinity. Chloride and bicarbonate concentrations were present within the permissible limits for drinking whereas, some samples exceed the permissible limits of the Bureau of Indian Standards for pH, TDS, TH,sodium, calcium, magnesium and sulphate. Potassium exceeded the maximum permissible limits for drinking proposed by World Health Organisation. Sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate and permeability index indicates that the groundwater quality was suitable for irrigation in most parts of the study area.
11 Rajaveni, S. P.; Brindha, Karthikeyan; Elango, L. 2017. Geological and geomorphological controls on groundwater occurrence in a hard rock region. Applied Water Science, 7(3):13770-1389. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0327-6]
Geology ; Geomorphology ; Groundwater potential ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater recharge ; Remote sensing ; GIS ; Watersheds ; Water levels ; Surface water ; Water resources ; Wells ; Land use ; Drainage ; Density / India / Nalgonda / Telangana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047464)
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13201-015-0327-6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047464.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047464.pdf
(2.30 MB)
Remote sensing and GIS tools have broadly helped hydrogeologists to delineate the groundwater prospective zones for watershed development and management. The origin, movement and existence of groundwater depends on several factors such as slope, drainage density, land use, geology, lineament density and geomorphology. Based on these, the mapping and identification of groundwater potential zones were carried out in a part of Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. The regions were categorised as high, moderate and low groundwater potential, and they were validated with the groundwater levels and yield of wells located in the corresponding zones. Extensive possibility for watershed development is possible in 41 % of the total 724 km2 and 46 % of the area offers moderate options. Any groundwater management project implemented in these favourable areas will bring maximum benefit. Similar studies should be considered necessary before designing a water resource development activity as it will reduce the cost on detailed field visits which are time-consuming.
12 Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Jampani, Mahesh; Sonkamble, S.; Wajihuddin, Md.; Boisson, A.; Fahimuddin, Md.; Ahmed, S. 2015. Characterization and performance assessment of natural treatment systems in a wastewater irrigated micro-watershed: Musi River case study. In Wintgens. T.; Nattorp, A.; Elango, L.; Asolekar, S. R. (Eds.). Natural water treatment systems for safe and sustainable water supply in the Indian context: Saph Pani, London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp.177-190.
Wastewater irrigation ; Wastewater treatment ; Performance evaluation ; Watersheds ; Water levels ; Water quality ; Water budget ; Water balance ; Land use ; Aquifers ; Rain ; Canals ; Wetlands ; Pumping ; Flow discharge ; Agriculture / India / Telangana / Krishna River / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047550)
https://zenodo.org/record/61088/files/9781780408392_11.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047550.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047550.pdf
(11.79 MB) (1.2 MB)
13 Kloppmann, W.; Sandhu, C.; Groeschke, M.; Pandian, R. S.; Picot-Colbeau, G.; Fahimuddin, M.; Ahmed, S.; Alazard, M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Bhola, P.; Boisson, A.; Elango, L.; Feistel, U.; Fischer, S.; Ghosh, N. C.; Grischek, T.; Grutzmacher, G.; Hamann, E.; Nair, I. S.; Jampani, Mahesh; Mondal, N. C.; Monninkhoff, B.; Pettenati, M.; Rao, S.; Sarah, S.; Schneider, M.; Sklorz, S.; Thiery, D.; Zabel, A. 2015. Modelling of natural water treatment systems in India: Learning from the Saph Pani case studies. In Wintgens. T.; Nattorp, A.; Elango, L.; Asolekar, S. R. (Eds.). Natural water treatment systems for safe and sustainable water supply in the Indian context: Saph Pani, London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp. 227-250.
Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Models ; Riverbank protection ; Filtration ; Wetlands ; Flow discharge ; Water quality ; Water reuse ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater management ; Watershed management ; Surface water ; Coastal area ; Drinking water ; Salt water intrusion ; Geology ; Weathering ; Irrigation canals ; Case studies / India / New Delhi / Chennai / Tamil Nadu / Telangana / Hyderabad / Maheshwaram / Uttarakhand / Haridwar / Yamuna River / Ganga River / Musi River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047553)
https://zenodo.org/record/61088/files/9781780408392_14.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047553.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047553.pdf
(12.42 MB) (3.9 MB)
14 Deelstra, J.; Kakumanu, Krishna Reddy; Reddy, S. K.; Nagothu, U. S.; Lakshmanan, G. V. A.; Arasu, M. S. 2016. Water productivity under different rice growing practices: results from farmer-led field demonstrations in India. In Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.). Climate change and agricultural development: improving resilience through climate smart agriculture, agroecology and conservation. Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.185-205.
Water productivity ; Water balance ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Irrigated rice ; Sowing ; Traditional farming ; Cultivation ; Farmers ; Intensification ; Crop yield ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil types / India / Andhra Pradesh / Tamil Nadu / Telangana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047889)
15 Shah, Manisha; Bharti; Verma, Shilp. 2017. Reviving minor irrigation in Telangana: midterm assessment of Mission Kakatiya. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 8. 8p.
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater recharge ; Assessment ; Water distribution ; Water supply ; Water levels ; Irrigation water ; Irrigated land ; Farm income ; Farmers ; Agriculture ; Tank irrigation ; Economic aspects ; Rice ; Livelihoods / India / Telangana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048733)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_08_2017.pdf
(6 MB)
16 Krishnamurthy, A.; Chekuri, B. S.; Krishnan, S.; Indu, R. 2018. How sustainable are rural water enterprises?: synthesis of ITP-INREM studies from six states. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 4. 8p.
Drinking water ; Water institutions ; Water scarcity ; Water quality ; Water policy ; Water supply ; Water demand ; Business enterprises ; State intervention ; Rural areas ; Sustainability ; Cost recovery / India / Gujarat / Telangana / Punjab / Chittoor-Kuppam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049099)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/iwmi-tata_water_policy_research_highlight-issue_04_2018.pdf
(483 KB)
17 Kakumanu, K. R.; Kaluvai, Y. R.; Balasubramanian, M.; Nagothu, U. S.; Kotapati, G. R.; Karanam, S. 2019. Adaptation to climate change: impact of capacity building, India. Irrigation and Drainage, 68(1):50-58. (Special issue: Special Issue with Selected Papers of the 23rd ICID Congress, Mexico City). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2275]
Climate change adaptation ; Capacity building ; Innovation adoption ; Water conservation ; Crop production ; Rice ; Crop yield ; Costs ; Households ; Villages ; Awareness ; Farmers ; Strategies ; Socioeconomic environment / India / Krishna River Basin / Telangana / Andhra Pradesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049171)
(0.43 MB)
Climate change adversely affects the determinants of agriculture. Adaptation serves as an important strategy to reduce the adverse effects of climate change (variability) and vulnerability of the people. Adaptation through an innovation programme was implemented for 4 years during 2012–2016 to improve the adaptive capacity in agriculture and the water sectors through capacity building and implementation in the Krishna River Basin, India. Primary data were collected from 178 farm households of the Nagarjuna Sagar Project command area covering both adopters and non-adopters of water-saving interventions from the study area. The double difference method was used to analyse the impact of adaptation through capacity building and implementation. The water-saving interventions include alternate wetting and drying (AWD) in rice, a modified system of rice intensification (MSRI) and direct seeding of rice (DSR). The capacity building and water saving increased crop yields by 0.96, 0.93 and 0.77 t ha 1 through AWD, MSRI and DSR respectively. The three practices have increased farmers’ income and decreased the cost of cultivation in DSR by Rs.11 000 (US$169) ha 1 . The methods can be more focused in canal commands on a larger scale for equal distribution of water to all the head, middle and tail-end regions.
18 Verma, Shilp; Shah, Manisha. 2019. Drought-proofing through groundwater recharge: lessons from Chief Ministers’ initiatives in four Indian states. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 18p. (Water Knowledge Note)
Groundwater recharge ; Drought ; Aquifers ; Groundwater management ; Irrigation programs ; Initiatives ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water policy ; Irrigated land ; Tank irrigation ; Communities ; Villages ; Farmers ; Technology ; Sustainability ; Strategies ; Case studies / India / Gujarat / Maharashtra / Telangana / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049598)
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33240/Drought-Proofing-through-Groundwater-Recharge-Lessons-from-Chief-Ministers-Initiatives-in-Four-Indian-States.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049598.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049598.pdf
(3.03 MB) (3.03 MB)
Indian agricultural communities are facing a crisis driven by, among other things, skewed terms of trade and farmers’ inability to deal with increasingly adverse climatic conditions. Because agriculture continues to be the primary source of livelihood for most of India’s population, governments at all levels are under pressure to find ways to help farmers. In western and peninsular India, where droughts are common, several state governments have vowed to make farming “drought-proof” through ambitious flagship programs. This case study reviews the experience of four such programs in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Rajasthan. Although the programs differ in approach, implementation style, and duration, all of them aim to shield farmers, particularly smallholders, from the misery imposed by droughts. Among these states, efforts in Gujarat appear to be the most mature; however, concerns regarding sustaining momentum, capacity building of communities, demand management, and establishing functional local governance remain. We use evidence gathered through field studies to draw lessons for designing effective drought-mitigation strategies through improved management of groundwater resources.
19 Adimalla, N.; Dhakate, R.; Kasarla, A.; Taloor, A. K. 2020. Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in Central Telangana, India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10:100334. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100334]
Groundwater assessment ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Geochemistry ; Salinity ; Sodium ; Fluorides ; Nitrates ; Geographical information systems ; Public health / India / Telangana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049771)
(2.58 MB)
Groundwater is only an important water resources for drinking and irrigation in the central Telangana, India. Rapid growth in the population and intensive irrigation practises has become stress on groundwater, the available groundwater are being depleted and its quality has also deteriorated. For this reason, a total of 105 groundwater samples collected from semi-arid region of central Telangana, were executed in order to evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Results highlighted that most of the groundwater is suitable for drinking purposes based on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH) as CaCO3, calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and sulphate (SO42-). About, 51% and 71% of groundwater samples were exceeded the maximum permissible limits of fluoride and nitrate, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that groundwater with high fluoride and nitrate concentration water should be avoided for drinking purposes. Spatial distribution maps are generated using GIS platform and the dissimilar distribution pattern was noticed for nitrate and fluoride in the study region. Gibbs plots authenticate that the groundwater chemistry is controlled by rock-water interaction and geochemical scatter plots suggested that the silicate mineral dissolution play dominant role in the chemistry of groundwater. According to the water quality index (WQI) values, 60% and 36% of groundwater samples fall under excellent and good category for drinking purposes. The groundwater is Na+ - SO42-, deep meteoric percolation type, but most of it belong to Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3-, Na+–HCO3- facies and few are Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl- and Na+-Cl- facies. Majority of groundwater samples exhibit that the alkaline earths (Ca2+ + Mg2+) exceed alkali cation (Na+ + K+) and strong acids (SO42- + Cl-) dominate over weak acid (HCO3-). Irrigational suitability of groundwater in the study area was also estimated through sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard ratio (MHR), and Kelly ratio (KR) results shown that the majority of the groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation uses.
20 Rao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 199p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.209]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Business models ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Desludging ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Solid wastes ; Septic tanks ; Toilets ; Waste disposal ; Transport ; Treatment plants ; Urban areas ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Financial viability ; Funding ; Marketing ; Pricing ; Investment ; Operating costs ; Cost recovery ; Benefits ; Profitability ; Risk ; Technology ; Government procurement ; Taxes ; Energy recovery ; Nutrients ; Biogas ; Composting ; Households ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu / Gujarat / Telangana / Bihar / Kerala / Maharashtra / Rajasthan / Delhi / Uttar Pradesh / Odisha / Jammu and Kashmir / Karnataka / West Bengal / Panaji / Goa / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050010)
(9.13 MB)
Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
