Your search found 4 records
1 Damania, R.; Desbureaux, S.; Hyland, M.; Islam, A.; Moore, S.; Rodella, A.-S.; Russ, J.; Zaveri, E. 2017. Uncharted waters: the new economics of water scarcity and variability. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank. 101p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1179-1]
Water scarcity ; Water management ; Economic growth ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Rain ; Drought ; Water supply ; Industrial uses ; Water quality ; Water policy ; Regulations ; Agricultural productivity ; Farmland ; Water demand ; Food security ; Risk management ; Infrastructure ; Investment ; Deforestation ; Urban areas ; Gender ; Public health / Africa South of Sahara / Latin America / Madagascar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048722)
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28096/9781464811791.pdf?sequence=21
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048722.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048722.pdf
(4.94 MB) (4.94 MB)
2 Hyland, M.; Russ, J.. 2019. Water as destiny - the long-term impacts of drought in sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 115:30-45. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.002]
Drought ; Climate change ; Rain ; Human capital ; Living standards ; Socioeconomic environment ; Gender ; Women ; Empowerment ; Water resources ; Weather data ; Rural areas / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049135)
(1.21 MB)
We examine the long-term impacts of drought exposure on women born in 19 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, across four decades. We find that women who were exposed to drought conditions during their early childhood are significantly less wealthy as adults. These effects are confined to women born and raised in rural households, indicating that the impacts of rainfall are felt via changes in agricultural output. In addition to lower levels of wealth, women who experience droughts in infancy also receive fewer years of formal education and, in the case of extreme drought conditions, have reduced adult heights. Our results also suggest that drought exposure in infancy can have long-term, negative impacts on women’s empowerment. Finally, we also show that these impacts may be transmitted to the women’s offspring, with children of affected women more likely to be born at a low birth weight (weighing <2.5 kg). To our knowledge, this represents the largest study to date both geographically and over time showing a strong relationship between early life rainfall conditions and adult outcomes, and the first to show that the impacts could span generations.
3 Zaveri, E.; Russ, J.; Damania, R. 2020. Rainfall anomalies are a significant driver of cropland expansion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(19):10225-10233. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910719117]
Farmland ; Rain ; Agricultural productivity ; Land use change ; Deforestation ; Dams ; Policies ; Climate change ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Irrigation ; Infrastructure ; Forest cover ; Precipitation ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049998)
(0.67 MB) (684 KB)
Rainfall anomalies have long occupied center stage in policy discussions, and understanding their impacts on agricultural production has become more important as climate change intensifies. However, the global scale of rainfall-induced productivity shocks on changes in cropland is yet to be quantified. Here we identify how rainfall anomalies impact observed patterns of cropped areas at a global scale by leveraging locally determined unexpected variations in rainfall. Employing disaggregated panel data at the grid level, we find that repeated dry anomalies lead to an increase in cropland expansion in developing countries. No discernible effects are detected from repeated wet events. That these effects are confined to developing countries, which are often dominated by small-holder farmers, implies that they may be in response to reduced yields. The estimates suggest that overall, in developing countries, dry anomalies account for ~9% of the rate of cropland expansion over the past two decades. We perform several tests to check for consistency and robustness of this relationship. First, using forest cover as an alternative measure, we find comparable reductions in forest cover in the same regions where cropland expands due to repeated dry anomalies. Second, we test the relationship in regions where yields are buffered from rainfall anomalies by irrigation infrastructure and find that the impact on cropland expansion is mitigated, providing further support for our results. Since cropland expansion is a significant driver of deforestation, these results have important implications for forest loss and environmental services.
4 Hellegers, P.; Davidson, B.; Russ, J.; Waalewijn, P. 2022. Irrigation subsidies and their externalities. Agricultural Water Management, 260:107284. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107284]
Irrigation water ; Subsidies ; Externalities ; Water market ; Market prices ; Reforms ; Political aspects ; Government
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050829)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377421005618/pdfft?md5=6f9a1f67746be1b8524be54dfd4d2dbc&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377421005618-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050829.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050829.pdf
(0.56 MB) (576 KB)
Subsidising irrigation is a legitimate approach that governments have used to achieve a set of social objectives. Yet it may simultaneously impose negative externalities, especially in the form of environment degradation. Could subsidies be reformed to be less harmful? To answer this question requires an insight into how various kinds of subsidies work, the interplay between subsidies and externalities, and the political complexity of subsidy reform. In this paper these insights are investigated using supply-demand graphs. It is argued in this paper that a broad definition of subsidies should be used, one that includes the implicit subsidies that result from partial cost recovery. It is also shown that even without subsidies, externalities due to irrigation would still exist and that any reform of existing subsidies will counter the positive impact irrigation may have, which may not be a desirable outcome.
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