Your search found 4 records
1 Smith, J.; Nayak, D.; Datta, A.; Narkhede, W. N.; Albanito, F.; Balana, Bedru; Bandyopadhyay, S. K.; Black, H.; Boke, S.; Brand, A.; Byg, A.; Dinato, M.; Habte, M.; Hallett, P. D.; Lemma, T.; Mekuria, Wolde; Moges, A.; Muluneh, A.; Novo, P.; Rivington, M.; Tefera, T.; Vanni, E. M.; Yakob, G.; Phimister, E.. 2020. A systems model describing the impact of organic resource use on farming households in low to middle income countries. Agricultural Systems, 184:102895. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102895]
Soil organic matter ; Organic fertilizers ; Models ; Soil water content ; Crop production ; Animal production ; Water use ; Energy consumption ; Fuels ; Carbon sequestration ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Soil fertility ; Crop yield ; Household income ; Farmers ; Labour ; Living standards / India / Maharashtra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049939)
(9.00 MB)
We present a new systems model that encompasses both environmental and socioeconomic outcomes to simulate impacts of organic resource use on livelihoods of smallholder farmers in low to middle income countries. It includes impacts on soils, which in many countries are degrading with long term loss of organic matter. Many farmers have easy access to animal manures that could be used to increase soil organic matter, but this precious resource is often diverted to other purposes, such as fuels, also resulting in loss of the nutrients needed for crop production. This model simulates impacts of different management options on soil organic matter turnover, availability of water and nutrients, crop and animal production, water and energy use, labour requirements and household income and expenditure. An evaluation and example application from India are presented and used to illustrate the importance of considering the whole farm system when developing recommendations to help farmers improve their soils.
2 Yakob, G.; Smith, J. U.; Nayak, D. R.; Hallett, P. D.; Phimister, E.; Mekuria, Wolde. 2022. Changes in soil properties following the establishment of exclosures in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10:823026. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.823026]
Exclosures ; Soil properties ; Agroecological zones ; Soil organic carbon ; Nitrogen ; Grazing lands ; Degraded land ; Land restoration ; Farmland ; Soil types ; Eucalyptus ; Meta-analysis / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050965)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.823026/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050965.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050965.pdf
(7.11 MB) (7.11 MB)
Community-led watershed development activities, including the establishment of exclosures (areas where both livestock and farming activities are excluded) on degraded communal grazing land, have become a common practice in Ethiopia since the 1990s. However, it is not yet fully understood how these exclosures change soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen in different soil types and under different agroecologies. A meta-analysis using data gathered from the most relevant peer reviewed articles from Ethiopian exclosure systems was conducted to assess the variation in the effects of exclosures on soil carbon and nitrogen and to investigate the factors controlling change. The results demonstrate that after 16 years, exclosures can increase soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen up to an effect size greater than two. This is moderated by soil type, exclosure age, landscape position and agroecology. More effective restoration of soil carbon was observed in less developed Leptosols and Cambisols than in more developed Luvisols, and in drier than more humid agroecologies. The results suggest that soil type and agroecology should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing exclosures on degraded communal grazing land. The findings of this study provide base line information for the future expansion of exclosures, and guide where to focus implementation. They also provide criteria to be used when planning and establishing exclosures to restore soil carbon and nitrogen. In addition, the results generated through this meta-analysis provide better understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of the effectiveness of exclosures to restore soil carbon and nitrogen.
3 Mekuria, Wolde; Gedle, A.; Tesfaye, Y.; Phimister, E.. 2023. Implications of changes in land use for ecosystem service values of two highly eroded watersheds in Lake Abaya Chamo Sub-basin, Ethiopia. Ecosystem Services, 64:101564. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2023.101564]
Land use ; Land cover ; Ecosystem services ; Watershed management ; Farmland ; Grazing lands ; Gully erosion ; Livelihoods ; Land degradation ; Exclosures ; Shrublands ; Landscape conservation / Ethiopia / Lake Abaya Chamo Sub-Basin / Aba-Bora Watershed / Guder Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052329)
(11.60 MB)
Ecosystems provide a variety of ecosystem services and functions for mankind, and their sustainable use plays an important role in livelihoods. However, the resulting land degradation due to land use and land cover changes leads to loss of valuable ecosystems and associated ecosystem functions and services. This study takes two highly degraded watersheds, Aba-Bora and Guder, in Ethiopia and uses the value transfer valuation method to estimate changes in ecosystem service values. The study shows how loss of cropland and grazing lands can significantly affect ecosystem services even when plantations and shrubland increase. The results suggest that over a period of 41 years, the ecosystem service value of exclosures/shrublands and plantations increased, whereas that of crop and grazing lands decreased. The loss of ecosystem service values due to the decrease in cropland and grazing lands outweigh the gains due to the expansion of plantations and exclosures and resulted in a total loss of ecosystem service values of US$ 1.6 million in Aba-Bora watershed and US$ 24.4 million in Guder. In both watersheds, the greatest contributor to ecosystem service loss was a decline in supporting services, while the increase in plantation and shrublands (mainly through establishment of exclosures) meant that regulating ecosystem services suffered the smallest loss. Given their importance to livelihoods in these areas, the loss in crop and grazing lands significantly increase the vulnerability to shocks and narrow future livelihood options for many households. Given that severe gully erosion is the major contributor to the reduction in crop and grazing lands, catchment management that integrates the conservation of upstream areas using diverse sustainable land management practices, and gully rehabilitation measures in downstream areas could be an important option to reducing the expansion of big gullies, and conserving crop and grazing lands and ecosystem service values. However, the results suggest that the risks to livelihoods may be underestimated while the effectiveness of current actions to address land degradation over-estimated by communities.
4 Yakob, G.; Habte, M.; Smith, J. U.; Hallett, P. D.; Phimister, E.; Rivington, M.; Black, H.; Mekuria, Wolde. 2023. Changes in soil properties with long-term organic inputs due to distance from homestead and farm characteristics in southern Ethiopian farmlands. Geoderma Regional, 35:e00710. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2023.e00710]
Soil properties ; Soil fertility ; Soil organic carbon ; Farmland ; Agricultural practices ; Canopy ; Cation exchange capacity ; Agricultural productivity ; Households ; Income ; Gender ; Women / Ethiopia / Halaba / Andegna Choroko / Lay Arisho / Asore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052330)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352009423001062/pdfft?md5=d7dc9a6b182797b14078593359e2edaa&pid=1-s2.0-S2352009423001062-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052330.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052330.pdf
(4.95 MB) (4.95 MB)
Traditional farming systems across much of Sub-Saharan Africa have greater organic inputs near to the homestead than in fields further away. This is likely to produce a fertility gradient that impacts production capacity, and so provides an opportunity to explore impacts of organic amendments on soils. Across 198 farm plots in 69 households in Halaba, Southern Ethiopia, we investigated the influence of different organic input systems on soil properties. The study also examined the influence of household and farm characteristics on the adoption of land management practices and its impact on soil properties. Samples were taken from farm plots located close (300 m) from the homestead, representing different levels of organic amendments. Soils located close to homesteads had significantly greater soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and soil nutrient content compared to soil located near and far from the homestead areas. Soil organic carbon concentrations close to the home were 15%, 27% and 45% greater than farm plots located at far from the home in Andegna Choroko, Asore and Lay Arisho kebeles, respectively. Across all sites, the mean soil organic carbon stock ranged from 20.6 t ha- 1 to 84.6 t ha- 1 , depending on the location of the plots with respect to the homestead. Household and farm characteristics also influenced land management practices and soil properties. In some catchments, farm plots managed by female headed households and relatively rich farmers displayed significantly greater soil organic carbon than farm plots managed by male headed and relatively poor households. This was likely due to greater organic inputs in female headed households in areas where men were otherwise engaged in off-farm activities and in wealthier households with greater access to organic manures. Tree cover in farmlands influenced accumulation of soil organic carbon. The results suggest that out-scaling farm management practices that are common around homesteads, such as adding animal manure or household wastes and maintaining tree cover, would help to improve key soil properties and agricultural productivity.
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