Your search found 7 records
1 Bouet, A.; Laborde, D. (Eds.) 2017. Agriculture, development, and the global trading system: 2000 - 2015. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 469p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292499]
International trade ; Agricultural policies ; Development programmes ; Trade policies ; Trade agreements ; Negotiation ; Food security ; Food stocks ; Agricultural prices ; Domestic markets ; Price volatility ; Market access ; Economic impact ; Tariffs ; Subsidies ; Trade organizations ; WTO ; European Union ; Legal frameworks ; Agricultural insurance ; Crop insurance ; Cotton ; Rice ; Wheat ; Oilseeds ; Soybeans ; Imports ; Exports ; Taxes ; Food aid ; Farmers ; Models / USA / Russian Federation / Brazil / India / China / Canada / Qatar / Uruguay / Indonesia / Doha Development Agenda / Bali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048949)
https://www.ifpri.org/cdmref/p15738coll2/id/131381/filename/131592.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048949.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048949.pdf
(5.42 MB) (5.42 MB)
This book is devoted to the complex relationship between the global trading system and food security, focusing on two important elements: the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and how food price volatility can be managed, or not, through trade instruments. The first section of the book is based on the premise that more trade integration can fight poverty and alleviate hunger. The second section examines whether managing price volatility is doable through more or less trade integration. This section deals in particular with policy instruments available for policy makers to cope with price volatility: food stocks, crop insurance, and export restrictions. Analysis concludes that without a strong and efficient World Trade Organization (WTO) capable of conducting ambitious trade negotiations, the food security target will be much more difficult to hit.
2 Lebel, P.; Lebel, L.; Singphonphrai, D.; Duangsuwan, C.; Zhou, Y. 2019. Making space for women: civil society organizations, gender and hydropower development in the Mekong region. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 35(2):304-324. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1425133]
Gender ; Women's participation ; Empowerment ; Civil society organizations ; Hydropower ; Development projects ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Partnerships ; Negotiation ; Awareness raising / Cambodia / China / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Myanmar / Thailand / Vietnam / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049091)
(0.75 MB)
Large-scale hydropower development disrupts local livelihoods and resource access. Adverse impacts are often greater for women than men, but also large for children, the elderly, poorer households and ethnic minorities. Burdens of resettlement often fall disproportionately on already disadvantaged individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how international, national and local civil society organizations (CSOs) have addressed gender in hydropower development in the Mekong Region. Four CSO orientations are distinguished: communitarian, environmentalist, knowledge-based and feminist. Common activities of CSOs were to share information, to expand participation and to mobilize development. The extent to which these activities were promoted and appear to be making space for women depended on the types of CSOs and women and men targeted or otherwise involved.
3 Vij, S.; Warner, J. F.; Biesbroek, R.; Groot, A. 2020. Non-decisions are also decisions: power interplay between Bangladesh and India over the Brahmaputra River. Water International, 45(4):254-274. (Special issue: Power in Water Diplomacy) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2018.1554767]
International waters ; Water resources ; River basins ; Decision making ; Political aspects ; International cooperation ; Hydropower ; Climate change adaptation ; Conflict ; Negotiation ; Treaties / India / Bangladesh / Brahmaputra River / Arunachal Pradesh / Assam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049843)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02508060.2018.1554767?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8wMjUwODA2MC4yMDE4LjE1NTQ3Njc/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049843.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049843.pdf
(2.35 MB) (2.35 MB)
This article shows how Bangladesh and India intentionally maintain the status quo for the Brahmaputra River at the transboundary level, using material and ideational resources. Results show that India wants to reduce its hegemonic vulnerabilities and Bangladesh aims to maintain its control over the Brahmaputra river, simultaneously building its technical and negotiation skills. We conclude that the underlying processes of maintaining the status quo can be comprehended as ‘non-decision making’. The analysis presented will help policy actors to push towards a forward-looking climate change adaptation planning for the Brahmaputra River.
4 Jimenez, A.-F.; Cardenas, P.-F.; Jimenez, F. 2021. Smart water management approach for resource allocation in high-scale irrigation systems. Agricultural Water Management, 256:107088. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107088]
Water management ; Resource allocation ; Irrigation systems ; Large scale systems ; Irrigation scheduling ; Sustainability ; Water requirements ; Water stress ; Soil water ; Pumping ; Evapotranspiration ; Models ; Conflicts ; Negotiation / Colombia / Chicamocha / Firavitoba
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050634)
(10.60 MB)
Water is a common resource shared by many agents or farmers in irrigation districts, where water management is, therefore, a very complex problem if the target is the equitable distribution of resources or the efficient use of water. This paper aims to present the design and implementation of an Irrigation Agent-Based Model (IABM) for the distribution of water in an irrigation district. In the IABM proposed, each field or farm can be considered as a micro-level and a region or irrigation district as a macro-level. The most approximated irrigation scheduling at each micro-level allows determining the water needs at the macro-level, as a reference for the negotiation of water distribution. A Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to manage georeferenced field information. Field capacity and permanent wilting point values, initial soil moisture, crop types, crop coefficients, root depth, sowing dates and weather data were incorporated into the IABM model for determining irrigation prescriptions. When water available in the irrigation district is insufficient to supply water requirements of all the irrigation fields, the IABM allows water distribution among them according to the cultivated field sizes, irrigation priorities, phenological states and the behavior of neighbors. When water resources are distributable, the proposed negotiation algorithm ensures that fields will use irrigation prescriptions defined with technical and agronomic criteria, thus avoiding the waste of water resource. The IABM developed meets the satisfaction requirement of the greatest number of agents by avoiding as much as possible that the soil water stress increases, using 25% of permissible level of moisture depletion respect to the total available water in each field.
5 Suhardiman, Diana; Manorom, K.; Rigg, J. 2022. Institutional bricolage (re)shaping the different manifestations of state-citizens relations in Mekong hydropower planning. Geoforum, 134:118-130. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.07.001]
Hydropower ; Planning ; Decision making ; Institutional development ; Local communities ; Civil society organizations ; Collective action ; Strategies ; Transboundary waters ; Water governance ; Political power ; Villages ; Households ; Livelihoods ; Compensation ; Negotiation ; Social aspects ; Development projects ; Dams ; Case studies / Thailand / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Mekong River / Pak Beng Hydropower Dam / Khamkong / Thongngam / Viang Somboon / Ing Doi / Huai Sung
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051301)
(5.52 MB)
Concerns over hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin and elsewhere include not only the overall impacts of dams on basin ecology and economy but also more site-specific impacts on affected communities. While hydropower development is impacting the livelihoods of local communities living along the river, the latter’s views and concerns are often sidelined by top-down hydropower planning. Nonetheless, local communities create and shape their political spaces of engagements in relation to hydropower decision making across scales, albeit through various means and with different results. Taking the planned Pak Beng hydropower dam as a case study and building on the concept of institutional bricolage, we look at: 1) local communities’ responses in Thailand and Laos, including how these are influenced by social movements; 2) how these responses are translated into collective action (or the lack thereof), including in relation to local communities’ (in)ability to negotiate better compensation for their to be impacted livelihoods; and 3) how local communities strategies are embedded in the wider political context and different manifestations of state-citizens relations. We argue that while affected farm households can pursue their interests to secure proper compensation through individual means, this leads to sub-optimal outcomes for affected communities collectively.
6 Korzenevica, M.; Grasham, C. F.; Johnson, Z.; Gebreegzabher, A.; Mebrahtu, S.; Zerihun, Z.; Hoque, S. F.; Charles, K. J. 2022. Negotiating spaces of marginality and independence: on women entrepreneurs within Ethiopian urbanization and water precarity. World Development, 158:105966. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105966]
Gender ; Women ; Entrepreneurship ; Marginalization ; Negotiation ; Urbanization ; Water supply ; Water access ; Social aspects ; Norms ; Empowerment ; Households / Ethiopia / Tigray / Wukro
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051332)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X22001565/pdfft?md5=3ed6f395debc4aaeda69717ed11ec2de&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X22001565-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051332.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051332.pdf
(1.39 MB) (1.39 MB)
In the context of the growth of Ethiopia’s market economy the importance of women-owned enterprises is acknowledged, with barriers to economic success outlined in a limited number of studies. However, the daily struggles and embodied experiences of low-skilled women entrepreneurs in informal economies, as well as precarious and unequal intermittent water environments, have been insufficiently understood. We analyse how women strive for and negotiate their independence through spatiality and how services, specifically water, affect their ability to develop their business spaces. The evidence derives from five studies, using mixed methods, conducted in the small town of Wukro, Ethiopia. The methods used were household surveys, a water diary, and interviews with women entrepreneurs - owners of coffee, alcohol, and hair salons businesses. Our study finds that they develop their businesses through the simultaneous presence of various, multilevel spaces of marginality/paradoxical spaces and articulation of independence as control over one’s business and body. Unlike the positive term ‘empowerment’, the lens of negotiating ‘independence’ integrates spaces of conflicting subjectivities, where marginality and resistance, suffering and claimed control, interpellation, and re-construction of own identities are simultaneously present. We suggest that water struggles are analysed not only through the evaluation of water shortages and unequal geographical sectorization but also through the perspective of ‘water precarity’ (Sultana, 2020) as in our study it was a water-induced lack of control over businesses and daily lives that caused the most suffering. We highlight that this multidimensional approach is pivotal in supporting women’s entrepreneurship and gender equality.
7 Jha, V. 2022. India and climate change: old traditions, new strategies. India Quarterly, 78(2):280-296. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/09749284221089553]
Climate change ; Strategies ; Policies ; Negotiation ; Developing countries ; International organizations ; International agreements ; Economic aspects ; Solar energy ; Renewable energy ; Political aspects / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051457)
(0.61 MB)
Climate change emerged as a serious diplomatic concern for India in the early 1990s. India has since been a staunch champion of the developing world, in multilateral climate negotiations; from playing a key role in establishing the principle of common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities, to forging alliances with countries with shared developmental concerns. Faced with the growing impact of climate change and changing geopolitics, India’s foreign policy on climate change has undergone significant shifts during two decades of multilateral climate talks. First, India’s willingness to undertake domestic climate action as a result of its changing economic status and, second, the role of the political leadership—since Prime Minister Narendra Modi came to power in 2014—in shaping the climate discourse both in the country and abroad. India has, in recent years, shed its defensive, naysayer strategy at climate negotiations and led several multilateral initiatives for climate action. As India celebrates 75 years of its Independence, it is forging a new, confident leadership on issues of climate change. While there is continuity in India’s traditional stance on finance and technology transfer during negotiations, Indian foreign policy has begun to display a marked change in the strategic use of climate change to assert greater power on the global stage.
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