Your search found 14 records
1 Ghosh, S.; Tisco, A. A. O. 1986. Third Working Session: Equity vs efficiency in water management. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Self-sufficiency and Self-reliance through Water Management by Villages, Jamshedpur, India, 21-23 October 1986. pp.31-33.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 349 Record No: H013232)
2 Ghosh, S.. 2001. Indigenous technology in wastewater recycling: Calcutta case study. In Ragab, R.; Pearce, G.; Kim, J. C.; Nairizi, S.; Hamdy, A. (Eds.), 52nd IEC Meeting of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage - International Workshop on Wastewater Reuse Management, Seoul, Korea, 19-20 September 2001. Seoul, Korea: Korean National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. pp.49-54.
Wastewater ; Recycling ; Water reuse ; Technology ; Fisheries ; Wetlands ; Vegetables ; Paddy fields ; Case studies / India / Calcutta
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7.5 G000 RAG Record No: H029344)
3 Ghosh, S.. 2003. Sinking!: Land subsides in groundwater-guzzling districts of UP. Down to Earth, 11(21):7-8.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6297 Record No: H031632)
4 Ghosh, S.; Nanda, P.; Verma, H. N. 2003. Managing land and water resources through indigenous traditional knowledge. Indian Farming, 52(12):9-12.
Water harvesting ; Rain ; Runoff ; Watershed management ; Traditional farming ; Farming systems / India
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6339 Record No: H032319)
5 Chakravarti, I.; Ghosh, S.. 2004. A megacity in basin: The effects of urbanization. In Herath, S.; Pathirana, A.; Weerakoon, S. B. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Changing Environment of the Monsoon Region. Bandaranaika Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17-19 November 2004. Vol.II. Colombo, Sri Lanka: National Water Resources Secretariat. pp.597-603.
River basins ; Risks ; Urbanization ; Surface runoff ; Sewage ; Drainage ; Pumping / India / Kolkata / Hooghly River / Ganges / Bay of Bengal
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 HER Record No: H039549)
6 Mishra, A.; Ghosh, S.; Mohanty, R. K.; Brahamand, P. S. 2013. Performance evaluation of a rehabilitated minor irrigation project and augmentation of its water resource through secondary storage reservoir. Agricultural Water Management, 128:32-42. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.06.006]
Irrigation management ; Irrigation projects ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water delivery ; Reservoirs ; Performance evaluation ; Indicators ; Cropping patterns / India / Odisha / Ganjam District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H046238)
(1.30 MB)
Performance of a rehabilitated and turned over flow based minor irrigation project with respect to irrigation, agriculture and institutional aspects was assessed. The irrigation system was found performing better. However, inadequacy of irrigation water availability in dry season and spatial inequity of water distribution, even after rehabilitation and irrigation management transfer were the couple of shortcomings which have been observed. In order to augment the water resource of the system, the feasibility of introducing secondary storage reservoir in each outlet command was conceptualized and field tested. Keeping in view the area required for providing secondary reservoirs, the existing water bodies in the command of the study system were surveyed. The utility and functioning of the secondary reservoir was field demonstrated. Utilization of the harvested water in the secondary reservoir for irrigating dry season crop in addition to the irrigation water from the main reservoir have resulted in increasing the yield of sunflower, tomato, brinjal and groundnut by 14.29, 14.95, 16.95 and 20%, respectively. Among the cropping patterns considered, rice–tomato cropping pattern resulted in highest net return (Rs. 29,457 per ha) followed by rice–brinjal cropping pattern (Rs. 22,430 per ha). Highest benefit–cost ratio of 2.09 was obtained for rice–sunflower cropping system. The low input-based scientific fish culture in the secondary storage reservoir has enhanced the fish yield by three fold over traditional practice.
7 Mishra, Atmaram; Ghosh, S.; Mohanty, R. K.; Brahmanand, P. S.; Verma, H. C. 2014. Secondary storage reservoir: a potential option for rainwater harvesting in irrigated command for improved irrigation and agricultural performance. Economic Affairs, 59(3):389-402. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2014.00007.2]
Reservoir storage ; Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation projects ; Agricultural development ; Dry season ; Crop management ; Economic analysis ; Farmers ; Fish culture
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046723)
(0.99 MB)
Present study recommends an option to overcome the limited water availability in surface irrigation system through provision of secondary reservoirs in the command. The harvested water can be utilized for irrigation in the dry season, short duration fish culture, etc. Approximately 10% of the command area is required for the secondary reservoir with assumption of 50% capacity of the main reservoir will be available for irrigating dry season crops. The demonstration of use of water from the secondary reservoir in addition to the water from main reservoir has resulted in substantial crop and fish yield. The gross and net returns from various cropping patterns considered using irrigation water from main reservoir (MR) and from main and secondary reservoir (MR+SR). Among the cropping patterns considered, rice-tomato cropping pattern resulted in highest net return of INR 29,457/ha followed by rice-brinjal cropping pattern (INR 22,430/ha) with benefit cost ratio of 2.07 and 1.79, respectively. Highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.09 was obtained for rice-sunflower cropping system due to relatively lower cost of cultivation of sunflower. The highest incremental value of net returns of 3710 `/ha was obtained with rice-tomato cropping system. The low input-based scientific fish culture in the secondary reservoir has enhanced the fish yield by three fold over traditional practice increasing the gross return from the system. The economic analysis also revealed that the intervention is economically viable.
8 Roy, P. S.; Behera, M. D.; Murthy, M. S. R.; Roy, A.; Singh, S.; Kushwaha, S. P. S.; Jha, C. S.; Sudhakar, S.; Joshi, P. K.; Reddy, S.; Gupta, S.; Pujar, G.; Dutt, C. B. S.; Srivastava, V. K.; Porwal, M. C.; Tripathi, P.; Singh, J. S.; Chitale, V.; Skidmore, A. K.; Rajshekhar, G.; Kushwaha, D.; Karnatak, H.; Saran, S.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Padalia, H.; Kale, M.; Nandy, S.; Jeganathan, C.; Singh, C. P.; Biradar, C. M.; Pattanaik, C.; Singh, D. K.; Devagiri, G. M.; Talukdar, G.; Panigrahy, R. K.; Singh, H.; Sharma, J. R.; Haridasan, K.; Trivedi, S.; Singh, K. P.; Kannan, L.; Daniel, M.; Misra, M. K.; Niphadkar, M.; Nagabhatla, N.; Prasad, N.; Tripathi, O. P.; Prasad, P. R. C.; Dash, P.; Qureshi, Q.; Tripathi, S. K.; Ramesh, B. R.; Gowda, B.; Tomar, S.; Romshoo, S.; Giriraj, S.; Ravan, S. A.; Behera, S. K.; Paul, S.; Das, A. K.; Ranganath, B. K.; Singh, T. P.; Sahu, T. R.; Shankar, U.; Menon, A. R. R.; Srivastava, G.; Sharma, N. S.; Mohapatra, U. B.; Peddi, A.; Rashid, H.; Salroo, I.; Krishna, P. H.; Hajra, P. K.; Vergheese, A. O.; Matin, S.; Chaudhary, S. A.; Ghosh, S.; Lakshmi, U.; Rawat, D.; Ambastha, K.; Malik, A. H.; Devi, B. S. S.; Gowda, B.; Sharma, K. C.; Mukharjee, P.; Sharma, A.; Davidar, P.; Raju, R. R. V.; Katewa, S. S.; Kant, S.; Raju, V. S.; Uniyal, B. P.; Debnath, B.; Rout, D. K.; Thapa, R.; Joseph, S.; Chhetri, P.; Ramachandran, R. M. 2015. New vegetation type map of India prepared using satellite remote sensing: comparison with global vegetation maps and utilities. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 39:142-159. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2015.03.003]
Satellite imagery ; Remote sensing ; Vegetation ; Climate change ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Scrublands ; Grasslands ; Ecology ; Global positioning systems ; Land cover ; Assessment ; Cultivation / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047008)
(2.48 MB)
A seamless vegetation type map of India (scale 1: 50,000) prepared using medium-resolution IRS LISS-III images is presented. The map was created using an on-screen visual interpretation technique and has an accuracy of 90%, as assessed using 15,565 ground control points. India has hitherto been using potential vegetation/forest type map prepared by Champion and Seth in 1968. We characterized and mapped further the vegetation type distribution in the country in terms of occurrence and distribution, area occupancy, percentage of protected area (PA) covered by each vegetation type, range of elevation, mean annual temperature and precipitation over the past 100 years. A remote sensing-amenable hierarchical classification scheme that accommodates natural and semi-natural systems was conceptualized, and the natural vegetation was classified into forests, scrub/shrub lands and grasslands on the basis of extent of vegetation cover. We discuss the distribution and potential utility of the vegetation type map in a broad range of ecological, climatic and conservation applications from global, national and local perspectives. Weused 15,565 ground control points to assess the accuracy of products available globally (i.e., GlobCover, Holdridge’s life zone map and potential natural vegetation (PNV) maps). Hence we recommend that the map prepared herein be used widely. This vegetation type map is the most comprehensive one developed for India so far. It was prepared using 23.5m seasonal satellite remote sensing data, field samples and information relating to the biogeography, climate and soil. The digital map is now available through a web portal (http://bis.iirs.gov.in).
9 Mohanty, S.; Mohanty, R. K.; Mandal, K. G.; Ghosh, S.; Rautaray, S. K.; Kumar, A. 2016. Impact of water resources development and technology introductions on livelihood of farmers in eastern India: a case study. Irrigation and Drainage, 65(5):724-733. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2014]
Water resources development ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Integrated management ; Farming systems ; Highlands ; Cultivation ; Agricultural production ; Ponds ; Technology transfer ; Water use ; Multiple use ; Impact assessment ; Diversification ; Aquaculture ; Performance evaluation ; Economic analysis ; Models ; Rural areas ; Case studies / eastern India / Odisha / Dhenkanal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047898)
(2.62 MB)
Agricultural technology introductions were carried out and their impact was studied in two clusters of villages in the Dhenkanal Sadar and Odapada blocks of Dhenkanal District in Odisha in the eastern Indian plateau region. Ten water-harvesting structures (WHSs) were constructed in two clusters of villages in the farmers’ fields on a participatory basis. Harvested water in WHSs was used for multiple purposes, viz. agriculture, fish culture, on-dyke horticulture, vegetable cultivation, poultry, dairy and mushroom cultivation; integrated farming system (IFS) models were developed. Adequate training was also given to the farmers. The net income from the integrated farming systems varied widely between Rs. 16 100 and 251 000 ha 1 . Poultry farming in the uplands and intensive cultivation around the embankments of the ponds were found to be effective in increasing the net return from the IFS models. Impact analysis of the water resources development and technology introductions at the study sites was carried out by analysing the comparative position of physical, social, financial, human and natural assets of the farmers before and after adoption of the introductions. The overall standard of living of the study farmers increased from 13.5 to 17.1 on a scale of 5 to 25, respectively.
10 Ghosh, S.; Thakur, P. K.; Sharma, R.; Nandy, S.; Garg, V.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Bhattacharyya, S. 2017. The potential applications of satellite altimetry with SARAL [Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA]/AltiKa for Indian inland waters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section A-Physical Sciences, 19p. (Online first). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40010-017-0463-5]
Earth observation satellites ; Inland waters ; Surface water ; Monitoring ; Satellite observation ; Radar ; Water levels ; River basins ; Flow discharge ; Reservoirs ; Sedimentation ; Measurement ; Hydrology ; Models ; Calibration / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048445)
(1.39 MB)
The satellite radar altimetry datasets are now extensively used for continental water monitoring although it was primarily designed for oceanic surface and ice cap studies. Water level estimated from satellite altimetry can help to assess many hydrological parameters like river discharge and reservoir volume. These parameters can be employed for calibration and validation purposes of hydrological and hydrodynamic models, rating curve (stage-discharge relationship) generation, near real-time flood forecasting, reservoir operations and transboundary water related issues. Satellite with Argos and AltiKa (SARAL/AltiKa), a joint venture of Indian Space Research Organisation and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, is one of the pioneer missions in the history of satellite radar altimetry. It is first high-frequency (Ka-band, 35.75 GHz) mission with the highest sampling rate (40 Hz). The applications of radar altimetry to inland hydrology have been significantly increased in recent years in India. Major studies have been carried out in Ganga, Brahmaputra, Tapi and Godavari river basins with AltiKa data. AltiKa datasets have been successfully used for retrieving water level in reservoir and river, estimating river discharge and calculating reservoir sedimentation. Considering the stress on India’s fresh water resources and the importance of SARAL/AltiKa mission, this work was carried out. The present review paper may be helpful to understand the working principle of altimetry, altimetry waveform, waveform retracking methods, water stage, river discharge and changes in reservoir’s water storage calculation, and the status of altimetry applications to inland hydrology, specifically solicitation of SARAL/AltiKa in the Indian context.
11 Ghosh, S.; Gorain, S.; Mondal, B. 2017. Spatio-temporal variations and links between irrigation and agricultural development in an eastern Indian state. Irrigation and Drainage, 66(5):784-796. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2151]
Agricultural development ; Irrigation management ; Spatial variation ; Water resources ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Irrigated land ; Agricultural production ; Growth rate ; Models / India / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048469)
(0.73 MB)
Spatio-temporal variations and links between irrigation and the agricultural sector were delineated in the districts of an eastern Indian state, West Bengal, during 2001–2002 to 2011–2012. Cumulative annual exponential growth rate (CAEGR) was calculated for each of the parameters considered under agriculture and irrigation. The irrigation and agricultural scenario at district level were assessed through different indexes. The growth rate of most of the districts showed a declining trend in 5 out of 11 selected parameters, viz. share of cultivable land to total land, share of net sown area to cultivable land, food grain production, paddy production and cropping intensity. Overall, growth rates were found for the canal- and groundwater irrigated areas, respectively, with an increase of net irrigated area (CAEGR 0.17). Both the agricultural development index (ADI) and the irrigation coverage index (ICI) were found to be high to very high (=60) in four districts, while two districts had very low to low ADI and ICI values (=40) in all the years. The source-wise irrigation utilization indices altogether explained 91% variation in ADI that was predominantly by canal and groundwater irrigation. Some missing links were also observed in some districts where the level of agricultural development did not match the irrigation scenario.
12 Ghosh, S.; Kolady, D. E.; Das, U.; Gorain, S.; Srivastava, S. K.; Mondal, B. 2019. Spatio-temporal variations in effects of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) reform in India: a panel data analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 222:48-61. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.05.042]
Irrigation management ; Participatory management ; Reforms ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigated land ; Agricultural development ; Crop production ; Agricultural productivity ; Performance indexes ; Indicators ; Water user associations ; Tank irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Land use / India / Andhra Pradesh / Karnataka / Tamil Nadu / Madhya Pradesh / Odisha / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049402)
(1.94 MB)
After a decade of implementation of participatory irrigation management (PIM) policy in India, the impact of PIM on agricultural and irrigation scenario is studied in six states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan) implementing the PIM reform. In case of each state, district level panel data of 10 years each before and after the PIM enactment is analyzed for the variables depicting agricultural and irrigation scenario. The decadal mean values calculated before and after implementation of PIM indicate that increased share of net irrigated area to net sown area (3–12%), increased productivity of major crops (11–20%), increased food grain productivity (8–39%) with decreased share of food grain crops area to gross sown area (1–3%), increased area under high yielding varieties in three states (13–54%), increased cropping intensity in five states (3–12%) and increased fertiliser consumption (21–80%) during post PIM period. Net irrigated area has shown an increase from 6 to 38 percent that is because of relatively more increase in groundwater irrigated area (16–63%) as compared to canal irrigated area after PIM (-16 to 31%). District wise agricultural development index (ADI) and irrigation development index (IDI) are derived showing betterment in both after PIM reform. Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression models are worked out that revealed variations in impact of PIM in the states of India. The PIM has made significant impact on food grain productivity as evident from the significant coefficient value for interaction term between year and PIM dummy in case of Karnataka, Odisha and Rajasthan. In case of other three states, the impact of PIM is not significantly visible.
13 Chun, K. P.; He, Q.; Fok, H. S.; Ghosh, S.; Yetemen, O.; Chen, Q.; Mijic, A. 2020. Gravimetry-based water storage shifting over the China-India border area controlled by regional climate variability. Science of The Total Environment, 714:136360. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136360]
Water storage ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Drought ; Temperature ; Monsoon climate ; Water depletion ; Satellite observation ; Gravimetry / China / India / Indus River / Ganges River / Brahmaputra River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049784)
(1.73 MB)
The regional water storage shifting causes nonstationary spatial distribution of droughts and flooding, leading to water management challenges, environmental degradation and economic losses. The regional water storage shifting is becoming evident due to the increasing climate variability. However, the previous studies for climate drivers behind the water storage shifting are not rigorously quantified. In this study, the terrestrial water storage (TWS) spatial shifting pattern during 2002–2017 over the China-India border area (CIBA) is developed using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), suggesting that the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra basin (IGBB) was wetting while the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) was drying. Similar drying and wetting patterns were also found in the precipitation, snow depth, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and potential evaporation data. Based on our newly proposed Indian monsoon (IM) and western North Pacific monsoon (WNPM) variation indices, the water shifting pattern over the CIBA was found to be affected by the weakening of the variation of IM and WNPM through modulating the regional atmospheric circulation. The weakening of IM and WNPM variations has shown to be attributed to the decreasing temperature gradient between the CIBA and the Indian Ocean, and possibly related to increasing regional temperatures associated with the increasing global temperature. As the global warming intensifies, it is expected that the regional TWS shifting pattern over the CIBA will be further exaggerated, stressing the need of advancing water resources management for local communities in the region.
14 Hoque, Md. M.; Islam, A.; Ghosh, S.. 2022. Environmental flow in the context of dams and development with special reference to the Damodar Valley Project, India: a review. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8(3):62. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00646-9]
Environmental flows ; Dams ; Rivers ; Aquatic organisms ; Fishes ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water resources ; Freshwater ; Stream flow ; Downstream ; Hydropower ; Monsoons ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Sustainability / India / West Bengal / Damodar Valley Project / Damodar River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051181)
(4.05 MB)
Environmental flow is the minimum flow required in a fluvial system to maintain its ecological health and to promote socio-economic sustainability. The present work critically examines the concept of the environmental flow in the context of dams and development using a systematic methodology to find out the previous works published during the last 3 decades (1990–2020) in different search engines and websites. The study reviews that structural interventions in the form of dams, barrages, weirs, etc. impede the natural flow of the rivers. Moreover, other forms of development such as industrialization, urbanization, and expansion of modern agriculture also exacerbate the problems of environmental flow across the world, especially in monsoon Asia. The present case of the environmental flow for the Damodar River portrays that the construction of dams and barrages under the Damodar Valley Project have significantly altered the flow duration, flood frequency, and magnitude (high-frequency low magnitude events in the post-dam period), while urban-industrial growth in the basin has polluted the river water (e.g., lower dissolved oxygen and higher biological oxygen demand). This typical alteration in the flow characteristics and water quality has threatened aquatic organisms, especially fish diversity and community structure. This review will make the readers aware of the long-term result of dam-induced fluvial metamorphosis in the environment through the assessment of environmental flow, species diversity, flow fluctuation, and river pollution. The study may be useful for policy-making for ushering in the sustainable development pattern that will attract future researchers, planners, and stakeholders.
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