Your search found 42 records
1 Arulingam, Indika; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Debevec, Liza. 2019. Youth participation in small-scale fisheries, aquaculture and value chains in Africa and the Asia-Pacific. Penang, Malaysia: CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems. 66p. (CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems Program Report: FISH-2019-14)
Small-scale fisheries ; Youth employment ; Participation ; Aquaculture ; Value chains ; Fishers ; Gender ; Women's empowerment ; Access to information ; Education ; Land access ; Financing ; Income generation ; Policies ; Strategies ; Technology ; Living standards ; Decision making ; Social status ; Working conditions ; State intervention ; Stakeholders ; International organizations ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects ; Agricultural sector ; Ecosystems / Africa / Asia and the Pacific / Egypt / Nigeria / United Republic of Tanzania / Zambia / Bangladesh / Cambodia / Myanmar / Solomon Islands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049615)
https://digitalarchive.worldfishcenter.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12348/3937/5872a0e98fae8e846953753d08558376.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049615.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049615.pdf
(10.00 MB) (10.0 MB)
IWMI, a managing partner of FISH, conducted an assessment of youth participation in SSF, aquaculture and value chains between November 2017 and May 2018. The assessment was conducted in Africa and the Asia-Pacific, with a particular focus on the FISH focal countries of Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia in Africa and Bangladesh, Cambodia, Myanmar and Solomon Islands in the Asia-Pacific. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the participation of youth in fisheries and aquaculture, including opportunities and challenges for participation, (ii) understand what WorldFish and key partners (government organizations, nongovernmental organizations [NGOs] and others) are doing in the focal countries in relation to youth participation, and (iii) (based on the former two points) provide potential areas for further research that could support improved youth participation in aquaculture, SSF and value chains. In this report, definitions of SSF and aquaculture are adopted from WorldFish.
2 German, L. A.; Bonanno, A. M.; Foster, L. C.; Cotula, L. 2020. “Inclusive business” in agriculture: evidence from the evolution of agricultural value chains. World Development, 134:105018. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105018]
Agribusiness ; Value chains ; Smallholders ; Agrarian reform ; Food security ; Business models ; Land governance ; Living standards ; Social aspects ; Inclusion ; Industrialization ; Policies ; Political aspects ; Perishable products ; Crops ; Cassava ; Coffee ; Palm oils ; Markets ; Households ; Women / Africa South of Sahara / East Africa / Southern Africa / Europe / South East Asia / Latin America / South America / Brazil / Peru
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049773)
(0.57 MB)
Sustained interest by the business community in commercial agriculture in the global South has been welcomed for its potential to bring capital into long neglected rural areas, but has also raised concerns over implications for customary land rights and the terms of integration of local land and labor into global supply chains. In global development policy and discourse, the concept of “inclusive business” has become central in efforts to resolve these tensions, with the idea that integrating smallholders and other disadvantaged actors into partnerships with agribusiness firms can generate benefits for national economies, private investors, and local livelihoods. Scholarly treatment of the topic has tended to be polarized into win/lose narratives, or points to the contingency and social differentiation of localized experiences. This review paper takes a different approach, exploring published evidence on the structural factors shaping agricultural value chains and their implications for social inclusion. We develop a typology of seven agricultural value chains, and use this to select a sample of crops in specific world regions for an analysis of how structural factors in value chain relations - from crop features, to market dynamics and policy drivers – affect social inclusion (and exclusion). Such an approach allows us to ask whether inclusive agribusiness is a realistic goal given the broader structuring of agribusiness and the global economic system. Our study finds that while the characteristics of specific crops and supply chains exert a strong influence on opportunities and constraints to inclusion, the overall trend is towards more exclusive agribusiness as governments scale back support to smallholders, more stringent standards raise barriers to entry, and firms streamline operations to enhance competitiveness. This raises questions about the feasibility of this goal under the current political economic system. Findings point to the need to re-consider the policy choices behind these trends, and how we deploy the fiscal, legislative, and gate-keeper functions of the state to shape agrarian trajectories.
3 Zavale, H.; Matchaya, Greenwell; Vilissa, D.; Nhemachena, Charles; Nhlengethwa, Sibusiso; Wilson, D. 2020. Dynamics of the fertilizer value chain in Mozambique. Sustainability, 12(11):4691. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114691]
Fertilizer application ; Value chains ; Agricultural sector ; Farm inputs ; Agricultural productivity ; Costs ; Subsidies ; Maize ; Rice ; Crop yield ; Wholesale marketing ; Constraints ; Soil types ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Households / Mozambique
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049798)
(1.15 MB) (1.15 MB)
Mozambique is characterized by low agricultural productivity, which is associated with low use of yield-enhancing agricultural inputs. Fertilizer application rate averaged 5.7 kg ha-1 in Mozambique during the period 2006 to 2015, considerably low by regional targets, yet constraints that affect fertilizer use have not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the constraints on fertilizer value chains in Mozambique to contribute to fertilizer supply chain strengthening. We used a combination of multivariate analysis and descriptive methods. Our findings indicate that fertilizer use has both demand and supply constraints. Key demand-side constraints include liquidity challenges, limited awareness about the benefits of using fertilizer, and low market participation, while the main supply-side constraints include high transaction costs, limited access to finance, and lack of soil testing results and corresponding fertilizer recommendations by soil type and crop uptake. These results suggest that scaling up the input subsidy program through vouchers (either paper-based vouchers or e-vouchers) with demonstration plots and effective targeting could drive up smallholders’ demand for fertilizer and fertilizer supply by strengthening a sustainable network of wholesalers and retailers. This would likely boost agricultural productivity.
4 de Janvry, A.; Sadoulet, E. 2020. Using agriculture for development: supply- and demand-side approaches. World Development, 133:105003. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105003]
Agricultural development ; Rural areas ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Market access ; Value chains ; Risk ; Insurance ; Investment ; Industrialization ; Farming systems ; Innovation ; Community involvement ; Institutions ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Government ; Poverty
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049825)
(0.65 MB)
For most poor countries of today, using agriculture for development is widely recognized as a promising strategy. Yet, in these countries, investment in agriculture has mostly been lagging relative to international norms and recommendations. Current wisdom on how to use agriculture for development is that it requires asset building for smallholder farmers, productivity growth in staple foods, an agricultural transformation (diversification of farming systems toward high value crops), and a rural transformation (value addition through rural non-farm activities linked to agriculture). This sequence has too often been hampered by extensive market and government failures. We outline a theory of change where the removal of market and government failures to use this Agriculture for Development strategy can be addressed through two contrasted and complementary approaches. One is from the “supply-side” where public and social agents (governments, international and bilateral development agencies, NGOs, donors) intervene to help farmers overcome the major constraints to adoption: liquidity, risk, information, and access to markets. The other is from the “demand-side” where private agents (entrepreneurs, producer organizations) create incentives for smallholder farmers to modernize through contracting and vertical coordination in value chains. We review the extensive literature that has explored ways of using Agriculture for Development through these two approaches. We conclude by noting that the supply-side approach has benefited from extensive research but met with limited success. The demand-side approach has promise, but received insufficient attention and is in need of additional rigorous research which we outline.
5 Herman, M. I.; Thai, Minh Thi. 2021. Striving for sustainable value chain establishment: a multiple feasibility analysis approach. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 11(4):379-395. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-01-2020-0002]
Value chains ; Sustainability ; Feasibility studies ; Ornamental plants ; Ferns ; Cut foliage ; Production factors ; Markets ; Environmental impact ; Sociocultural environment ; Economic aspects ; Stakeholders ; Exports ; Horticulture ; Case studies / New Caledonia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049872)
(0.55 MB)
Purpose – Over the last decade, value chain for development has shown its bias towards global value chain approaches. This article proposes a holistic framework to carry out feasibility analysis for the establishment of a value chain.
Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research approach was used to collect and analyse data from a wide range of stakeholders potentially involved in establishment of a global cut-foliage value chain based on wild harvesting of ornamental ferns in New Caledonia.
Findings – Multiple feasibility analyses revealed issues that need to be addressed, priorities for different stakeholders and possible ways forward in the establishment of a value chain.
Research limitations/implications – The framework supports businesses, entrepreneurs, investors, donors and governments in proceeding with value chain establishment with significant consideration of social, economic and environmental drivers for sustainability.
Originality/value – Relevant concepts in several fields are integrated into a single framework that can guide feasibility analysis of value chain establishment.
Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research approach was used to collect and analyse data from a wide range of stakeholders potentially involved in establishment of a global cut-foliage value chain based on wild harvesting of ornamental ferns in New Caledonia.
Findings – Multiple feasibility analyses revealed issues that need to be addressed, priorities for different stakeholders and possible ways forward in the establishment of a value chain.
Research limitations/implications – The framework supports businesses, entrepreneurs, investors, donors and governments in proceeding with value chain establishment with significant consideration of social, economic and environmental drivers for sustainability.
Originality/value – Relevant concepts in several fields are integrated into a single framework that can guide feasibility analysis of value chain establishment.
6 Rao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 199p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.209]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Business models ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Desludging ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Solid wastes ; Septic tanks ; Toilets ; Waste disposal ; Transport ; Treatment plants ; Urban areas ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Financial viability ; Funding ; Marketing ; Pricing ; Investment ; Operating costs ; Cost recovery ; Benefits ; Profitability ; Risk ; Technology ; Government procurement ; Taxes ; Energy recovery ; Nutrients ; Biogas ; Composting ; Households ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu / Gujarat / Telangana / Bihar / Kerala / Maharashtra / Rajasthan / Delhi / Uttar Pradesh / Odisha / Jammu and Kashmir / Karnataka / West Bengal / Panaji / Goa / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050010)
(9.13 MB)
Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
7 Minh, Thai Thi; Cofie, Olufunke; Lefore, N.; Schmitter, Petra. 2020. Multi-stakeholder dialogue space on farmer-led irrigation development in Ghana: an instrument driving systemic change with private sector initiatives. Knowledge Management for Development Journal, 15(2):98-118. (Special issue: The Unusual Suspect? The Private Sector in Knowledge Partnerships for Agricultural and Rural Development)
Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Irrigation management ; Multi-stakeholder processes ; Private sector ; Agricultural development ; Investment ; Business enterprises ; Supply chains ; Value chains ; Smallholders ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Institutions ; Innovation scaling / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050013)
https://www.km4djournal.org/index.php/km4dj/article/view/489/608
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050013.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050013.pdf
(0.92 MB) (944 KB)
Private sector actors bring expertise, resources, and new perspectives to agricultural development, but the tendency to short-term approaches and market-based orientation has been unable to drive a systemic change in the development agenda. We explore how multi-stakeholder dialogues can capitalize on and trickle systemic change through private sector involvement. Analysis from the farmer-led irrigation development multi-stakeholder dialogue space (FLI-MDS) in Ghana shows the need for a physical and institutional space to cater for and merge different stakeholder interests. For all stakeholders, the institutional space is a multi-level-playing institution which can trickle systemic change by leveraging the private sector’s investments with multi-stakeholders’ collaboration, interactive learning, and potential support for commercial scaling of FLI. For private sector actors, a physical space for collaboration is crucial. It enables them to envisage their commercial interests, opening up opportunities for collaboration and mobilization of resources. Ensuring long term sustainability of an FLI-MDS requires catering for the private sector needs for a physical dialogue space to trickle systemic change and accelerate commercialization in farmer-led irrigation development.
8 Majumder, Ayan; Ulrich, Andreas; Taron, Avinandan. 2020. Catalog of technical options for solid waste management in Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 115p.
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Technological changes ; Value chains ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Waste disposal ; Waste collection ; Urban wastes ; Transport ; Waste treatment ; Recycling ; Waste landfills ; Methane fermentation ; Organic wastes ; Composting ; Plastics ; Fuels ; Regulations ; Planning ; Maintenance ; Costs ; Households ; Public participation / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050041)
(11.7 MB)
9 Ulrich, Andreas; Ekasanti, Prawisti; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Taron, Avinandan. 2020. Catalog of technical options for fecal sludge management in Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 140p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Technological changes ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Treatment plants ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Transport ; Septic tanks ; Anaerobic digesters ; Heat treatment ; Pumps ; Composting ; Pelleting ; Legislation ; Planning ; Maintenance ; Costs ; Sanitation ; Sustainable Development Goals / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050042)
(13.4 MB)
10 Allan, T.; Bromwich, B.; Keulertz, M.; Colman, A. (Eds.) 2019. The Oxford handbook of food, water and society. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. 926p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001]
Food systems ; Water systems ; Society ; Food security ; Water security ; Food supply chains ; Value chains ; Water resources ; Water management ; Virtual water ; Water footprint ; Agricultural water use ; Agricultural trade ; Conservation agriculture ; Irrigation management ; Water scarcity ; Natural capital ; Political aspects ; Policies ; Municipal water ; Water demand ; Pollution prevention ; Agricultural production ; Transformation ; Wheat ; Coffee industry ; Rice ; Oil palms ; Meat ; Beef ; Pricing ; Pesticides ; Farmers ; Water user associations ; Gender ; Feminization ; Household consumption ; Diet ; Hunger ; Malnutrition ; Obesity ; Poverty ; Sustainability ; Technology ; Subsidies ; Ecosystem services ; Infrastructure ; Drought ; Flooding ; Soil erosion ; Semiarid zones ; Arid zones ; Drylands ; WTO ; Modelling / Africa / Mediterranean Region / North America / Western Asia / United Kingdom / England / Wales / USA / Brazil / Australia / Jordan / Israel / South Africa / California / Cape Town / Sonoran Desert
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H049524)
(1.26 MB)
Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
11 CGIAR System Organization. 2020. Responding to COVID-19: CGIAR's contribution to global response, recovery and resilience. Montpellier, France: CGIAR System Organization. 48p.
COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; CGIAR ; Research programmes ; Agricultural research ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Resilience ; Food systems ; Value chains ; Water systems ; Livelihoods ; Poverty ; Gender equality ; Public health ; Environmental health ; Social protection ; Inclusion ; Sustainability ; Policies ; Investment ; Income ; Strategies ; Economic impact
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049854)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/108548/CGIAR-Responding-to-COVID-19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049854.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049854.pdf
(2.81 MB) (2.81 MB)
The COVID-19 pandemic, itself likely the result of unsustainable food, land and water systems, is exposing weaknesses in food systems, societies and economies around the world. The health risks of the pandemic, combined with the social and economic impacts of measures to stop the spread of the disease (e.g. social isolation directives, travel bans, border closures) are posing threats to food, nutrition and water security, as well as continued progress on global goals to end poverty and hunger, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Without substantial emergency relief, 140 million people could fall into extreme poverty, potentially increasing hunger and malnutrition for millions. Women, youth, migrant workers and poor urban populations are among those most significantly impacted. The global response to the pandemic must be swift and science-based, harnessing new and existing knowledge. Solutions need to be coordinated across sectors to provide immediate response and assistance for those most in need, ongoing and inclusive support in recovery and, perhaps most importantly, future resilience to all shocks–including climate extremes. The COVID-19 crisis presents an unprecedented opportunity for humanity to “build back better,” particularly in the food systems at the root of the pandemic. The crisis has demonstrated how quickly society can fail – but also that collective positive change in human behavior is possible at scale and speed. CGIAR will join its network of partners to co-lead global debate and action on what “building back better” looks like for food, water and land systems.
12 Smichowski, B. C.; Durand, C.; Knauss, S. 2021. Participation in global value chains and varieties of development patterns. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 45(2):271-294. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa046]
Value chains ; Participation ; Socioeconomic development ; Indicators ; Investment ; Income ; Labour ; Employment ; Economic aspects ; Principal component analysis
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050273)
(0.45 MB)
This paper relates participation in global value chains (GVCs) to development patterns at the country level. It accounts for the diversity and interdependence of development through a cross-country analysis for 51 countries between 1995 and 2008. We identify three patterns of socio-economic development related to various degrees and modes of GVC participation: a social upgrading mirage, the reproduction of the core and unequal growth. This result is achieved thanks to the introduction of two new elements to the literature: first, the introduction of new macroeconomic indicators of GVC participation and economic gains that are explicitly based in a theoretically consistent definition of GVCs; second, the identification of a variety of interdependent development patterns related to GVC participation through the use of principal component analysis and cluster analysis.
13 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2020. Faecal sludge management in Africa: socioeconomic aspects and human and environmental health implications. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 64p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental health ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Wastewater treatment ; Waste disposal ; Recycling ; Treatment plants ; Excreta ; Pathogens ; Septic tanks ; Pit latrines ; Sanitation ; Value chains ; Trends ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Good practices ; Technology ; Business models ; Gender ; Women ; Inclusion ; Institutions ; Legal aspects / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / North Africa / Southern Africa / Senegal / Burkina Faso / Uganda / South Africa / Mozambique / Benin / Ghana / Dakar / Ouagadougou / Kampala / Durban / Maputo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050374)
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34350/FSM.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050374.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050374.pdf
(12.10 MB) (12.1 MB)
14 Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Leh, Mansoor; Merrey, D. J.; Kodua, T. T.; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Solar photovoltaic technology for small-scale irrigation in Ghana: suitability mapping and business models. Agricultural Water Management – Making a Business Case for Smallholders. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 50p. (IWMI Research Report 178) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.209]
Solar energy ; Photovoltaic systems ; Technology ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation systems ; Business models ; Feasibility studies ; Environmental sustainability ; Irrigated farming ; Smallholders ; Groundwater irrigation ; Aquifers ; Water resources ; Multiple use water services ; Water lifting ; Pumps ; Renewable energy ; Policies ; Regulations ; Supply chains ; Value chains ; Financial viability ; Costs ; Input output analysis ; Institutions ; Case studies ; Innovation scaling / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050503)
(7.40 MB)
This report assesses the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation for smallholder agriculture in Ghana, using elements of business planning and business models with a suitability mapping approach. These approaches take into account the economic as well as environmental sustainability of expanding such technology. Using data from existing solar PV irrigation systems and interviews with key industry actors, the report discusses the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar PV technology and outlines the technology supply chain, mapping the key actors and their roles. The financial viability of two empirical business cases – directly funding an agribusiness and subsidizing a cooperative model – is analyzed to assess the feasibility of expanding access to the technology. Furthermore, three solar PV irrigation business model scenarios are presented based on insights gained from the two empirical cases as well as from analyzing the existing policy and regulatory framework, the technology supply chain and environmental suitability. The potential for solar PV irrigation pumps is substantial, especially in northern Ghana, although care must be taken to avoid overpumping some aquifers. Achieving this potential will require strengthening the policy framework and making finance available at a reasonable cost. The report identifies alternative financing mechanisms and business models that have been tried elsewhere and can be adapted to Ghana, and makes recommendations to enhance the sustainable uptake of solar PV irrigation.
15 FAO; International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2018. Assessing and planning city region food system: Colombo (Sri Lanka) synthesis report. Rome, Italy: FAO. 90p.
Food systems ; Rural-urban food supply chains ; Assessment ; Planning ; Food production ; Value chains ; Markets ; Commodities ; Food safety ; Food consumption ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Food processing ; Food wastes ; Food losses ; Climate change ; Natural resources management ; Stakeholders ; Policies / Sri Lanka / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050831)
(5.04 MB) (5.04 MB)
This report is the result of the implementation of an assessment methodology for Colombo and its city region food system (CRFS).
Colombo stands as a unique city in Sri Lanka due to the complexity of its socio-demographic profile and the diverse food items that arrive through multiple channels. The busy and complex lifestyle of its inhabitants, together with the floating population of the city, creates a high demand for catering services that supply prepared food for direct consumption. In addition, the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC) acts as the national hub for imported food items and the regional hub for vegetable and fruit. As a result, Colombo has one of the most complex food systems in Sri Lanka.
The aims of the CRFS assessment include: to better understand the functioning the Colombo food system; to examine the current and future constraints on food security and safety, with respect to the challenges of urban growth, diversity, lifestyle and dynamics; to explore the sustainability and resilience of the Colombo CRFS; and to seek to improve the livelihoods of rural and urban dwellers now and in the future.
Colombo stands as a unique city in Sri Lanka due to the complexity of its socio-demographic profile and the diverse food items that arrive through multiple channels. The busy and complex lifestyle of its inhabitants, together with the floating population of the city, creates a high demand for catering services that supply prepared food for direct consumption. In addition, the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC) acts as the national hub for imported food items and the regional hub for vegetable and fruit. As a result, Colombo has one of the most complex food systems in Sri Lanka.
The aims of the CRFS assessment include: to better understand the functioning the Colombo food system; to examine the current and future constraints on food security and safety, with respect to the challenges of urban growth, diversity, lifestyle and dynamics; to explore the sustainability and resilience of the Colombo CRFS; and to seek to improve the livelihoods of rural and urban dwellers now and in the future.
16 Ulrich, Andreas; Taron, Avinandan; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2019. Assessment of the FSM value-chain in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 123p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Value chains ; Assessment ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Business models ; Wastewater treatment ; Treatment plants ; Infrastructure ; Septic tanks ; Feasibility studies ; Financial analysis ; Institutions ; Sustainability ; Composting / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050832)
https://waterdata.iwmi.org/applications/sanitaion/reports/FSM-AssessmentSriLanka_IWMI_WB2019.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050832.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050832.pdf
(4.41 MB) (4.41 MB)
17 Gebru, K. M.; Rammelt, C.; Leung , M. 2022. Paradoxes of inclusion: adverse effects of inclusive interventions in northern Ethiopia. European Journal of Development Research, 22p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-022-00518-0]
Smallholders ; Business models ; Governance ; Participation ; Value chains ; Inclusion ; Transaction costs ; Food security ; Social networks ; Households ; Markets ; Income / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051068)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/s41287-022-00518-0.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051068.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051068.pdf
(0.98 MB) (0.98 MB)
The involvement of smallholders in various inclusive business models (IBMs) is being widely promoted in Ethiopia. The inclusion, exclusion and distribution effects of IBMs must be better understood, however, in order to make them more impactful. This study, which was carried out in three districts in northern Ethiopia, employed a mixed methods approach. Our results show that inclusion and exclusion are both complex and multidimensional. A focus on transaction costs, productive resource endowments and chain governance is crucial for enhancing smallholders’ inclusion. Our results further indicate that income obtained from participation in IBMs is unequally distributed. The benefits of IBMs vary according to the underlying position of the smallholder. Hence, inclusive development interventions should acknowledge the various positions of smallholders and consider how their positions shape social relations locally. The paper thus reveals the various dimensions, contradictory tendencies, hidden costs and side effects of IBMs.
18 van Paassen, A.; Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Klerkx, L.; van Mierlo, B.; Essegbey, G. O. 2022. Partnerships blending institutional logics for inclusive global and regional food value chains in Ghana; with what smallholder effect?. European Journal of Development Research, 34(5):2179-2203. (Special issue: Policies for Inclusive Development in Sub-Saharan Africa) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-022-00530-4]
Value chains ; Smallholders ; Partnerships ; Innovation platforms ; Public-private partnerships ; Governance ; Cocoa / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051239)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/s41287-022-00530-4.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051239.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051239.pdf
(0.68 MB) (699 KB)
We witness a promotion of hybrid partnerships, where actors with different competences and resources collaborate for smallholder inclusive value chain development. To better understand the functioning of these partnerships, we used institutional theory and studied the context of a global and emerging regional food value chains in Ghana, the blending of logics by key actors in Innovation Platforms and Public Private Partnerships, and their effect on value chain relations of smallholder farmers. In the global value chain of cocoa, partnerships adhered to ‘green revolution’ and ‘free-market’ logics, and provided all farmers material support. In the more informally organised regional food sector, local executing partners selectively coupled their logics with those of poor smallholders, who rely on low-input agriculture and solidarity logics to make ends meet. This improved the position and transaction costs of smallholders to participate in the value chain. Hence, it is more likely for partnerships to create smallholder inclusive governance in informally organised regional food value chains, than highly structured global value chains controlled by international buyers. To gain insight in the variety of political effects this triggers in different social–historical shaped farmer communities, households and actors, we recommend complementary local research from a critical institutional perspective.
19 Queenan, K.; Cuevas, S.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Chimonyo, M.; Shankar, B.; Slotow, R.; Hasler, B. 2022. A food systems approach and qualitative system dynamics model to reveal policy issues within the commercial broiler chicken system in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 17(6):e0270756. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270756]
Food systems ; Poultry ; Broiler chickens ; Commercial farming ; Food policies ; Models ; Human health ; Nutrition ; Environmental sustainability ; Livestock production ; Distribution systems ; Food consumption ; Markets ; Value chains ; Affordability ; Food safety ; Food-borne diseases ; Feeds ; Stakeholders ; Imports ; Food security / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051296)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270756&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051296.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051296.pdf
(2.14 MB) (2.14 MB)
Global broiler production and consumption levels continue to rise. South Africa’s broiler system is dominated by commercial production and formal retail trade, with competition from cheap imports. Local broiler policies have narrow, production-driven, short-term aims for industry growth and national food security. However, these have unintended consequences that undermine the system’s future sustainability. Using a food systems approach, this study developed a qualitative system dynamics model of the South African commercial broiler system and used it to engage stakeholders in policy discussions within the boundaries of health, nutrition, and environmental sustainability. A problem statement and key system elements were drawn from a previously published qualitative study and were validated by 15 stakeholders via an online questionnaire. From this, a seed model was developed, expanded into a larger model, and shared in a modular format with stakeholders in virtual meetings, on an individual or institutional basis, for feedback and validation, and for discussion of areas for policy consideration. Refinements were incorporated into the modules, policy considerations were summarised, and crosscutting issues were identified. The model demonstrated the system’s complexity, interlinkages, feedbacks, reinforcing and balancing loops, and behaviour archetypes. The modular presentation format created a suitable platform for stakeholder engagement. Current policies focus on local commercial production, formal markets, and affordability without cognisance of the broader system represented by the model. Inequality pervades throughout the system. Commercial producers, linked to large supermarkets and fast-food chains, dominate the system, presenting barriers to entry. Affordability is unintentionally traded off against non-communicable disease risks through brining of most frozen products, and ultra-processing of fast-food items. Foodborne disease control is critical, given the proportion of vulnerable individuals, and greater coherence of food safety policy is urgently needed. The environmental footprint of broilers, whilst less than that of ruminants, deserves closer scrutiny based on its dependence on intensive cereal production for feed. This study’s food systems approach provides a system-wide perspective and a foundation for policymakers to develop more integrated and transformative policies.
20 Cookey, P. E.; Cofie, Olufunke; Koottatep, T.; Polprasert, C. 2022. Sanitation biomass recovery and conversion. In Cookey, P. E.; Koottatep, T.; Gibson, W. T.; Polprasert, C. (Eds.). Integrated functional sanitation value chain: the role of the sanitation economy. London, UK: IWA Publishing. pp.125-180. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/9781789061840_0125]
Sanitation ; Biomass ; Resource recovery ; Conversion ; Value chains ; Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Sewage sludge ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Technology ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Feedstocks ; Composting ; Business models ; Sustainable Development Goals / Germany / Haiti / Kenya / Braunschweig
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051381)
https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/chapter-pdf/1084664/9781789061840_0125.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051381.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051381.pdf
(5.63 MB) (5.63 MB)
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