Your search found 18 records
1 Bellwood-Howard, I.; Haring, V.; Karg, Hanna; Roessler, R.; Schlesinger, J.; Shakya, M. 2015. Characteristics of urban and peri-urban agriculture in West Africa: results of an exploratory survey conducted in Tamale (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) 38p. (IWMI Working Paper 163) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2015.214]
Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Seasonal cropping ; Cultivation ; Soil sampling ; Soil fertility ; Households ; Livestock ; Landownership ; Water availability ; Wastewater ; Irrigation ; Market prices ; Leaf vegetables ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Organic fertilizers ; Villages ; Surveys / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047216)
(2 MB)
The report summarizes key results from surveys carried out on urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in Tamale (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) in 2013. The aim was to provide a broad overview of the state of UPA in the study cities and a basis for future research endeavors. The randomized sampling approach used aerial photography to identify 10 sites in different categories of farm in each city. Farmers provided information on their cropping and livestock-rearing activities. There were similarities between the cities, but the differences in the expression of UPA in Tamale and Ouagadougou were more intriguing, as in farm sizes, crops grown and livestock ownership. Farmers were particularly concerned about diminishing access to land in Tamale, where sales by chiefs to private investors were accelerating. In Ouagadougou, formal reallocation of land to homeowners by the state had similarly decreased available farmland. Water availability was a universal concern, and the quality of water used for irrigation was potentially more questionable in Ouagadougou than in Tamale. The results point to the need for further work on uncontaminated, perennial water sources and soil fertility management, alongside focuses on commercialization of animal production, and the legal, political and institutional context of UPA in different West African cities.
2 Minhas, P. S.; Khajanchi -Lal; Yadav, R. K.; Dubey, S. K.; Chaturvedi, R. K. 2015. Long term impact of waste water irrigation and nutrient rates: I. performance, sustainability and produce quality of peri urban cropping systems. Agricultural Water Management, 156:100-109. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.03.012]
Wastewater irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Nutrients ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Cropping systems ; Agroforestry systems ; Soils ; Fertilizer application ; Agricultural production ; Product quality ; Crop yield ; Sustainability ; Farmers / India / Karnal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047503)
(0.90 MB)
Farmers in peri-urban areas of developing countries depend on wastewaters for their livelihood but with grave health and environmental risks. An 8-year field experiment compared food grain (FGPS), agroforestry (AFS), fodder (FPS) and vegetable (VPS) production systems and quantified responses to fertilizers (NP 25–100%) when irrigated with sewage (SW; EC 1.3 ± 0.3 dS m-1 BOD 82 ± 11, NO3–N 3.2 ± 0.4, NH4–N 9.6 ± 0.5, P 1.8 ± 0.3, K 6.4 ± 0.4 mg L-1) vis-à-vis groundwater (GW). Productivity improved with SW by 14–28% while trends were negative with sub-optimal NP under GW. Partial factor productivity (PFP) averaged 18.0, 11.1, 157 and 149 kg kg-1 NP with GW in FGPS, AFS, FPS and VPS, respectively. Counter figures were 13.8, 8.8, 96 and 56 kg kg-1 NP with SW. Paddy-wheat equivalent yields were 5.5, 1.8 and 19.9 fold under AFS, FPS and VPS with SW. About 40, 33, 75 and 20% of fertilizer NP with SW was sufficient for similar production as with recommended NP and GW in FGPS, AFS, FPS and VPS, respectively. Quality of produce improved in terms of crude protein and the micronutrients in edible parts with SW while toxic metals were within the permissible limits. However, the keeping quality of vegetables was lowered due to faster decay with pathogens contamination (Aerobic bacterial plate counts 5 × 105–4.2 × 108 cfu g-1 and Escherichia coli <2 × 102–7 × 105). Thus, the sewage proved as a vital resource in improving productivity, sustainability and saving fertiliser costs but this may pose health risks because of pathogenic infestation that need to be regulated.
3 Khajanchi -Lal; Minhas, P. S.; Yadav, R. K. 2015. Long-term impact of wastewater irrigation and nutrient rates II. Nutrient balance, nitrate leaching and soil properties under peri-urban cropping systems. Agricultural Water Management, 156:110-117. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.001]
Wastewater irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water quality ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Cropping systems ; Soil properties ; Nutrient balance ; Nitrogen ; Nitrates ; Leaching ; Fertilizer application / India / Karnal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047510)
(0.82 MB)
Since irrigation with under-treated wastewater is growing in many underdeveloped countries, its regulation should follow more efficient and less polluting approach. Therefore, the nutrient balances and soil properties were monitored in an 8-year experiment where the food grain (FGPS, paddy–wheat), fodder (FPS, sorghum-Egyptian clover) and vegetable (VPS, gourds/okra-cabbage/cauliflower) and agroforestry (AFS, poplar–paddy–wheat) production systems were irrigated either with sewage water (SW, BOD 82 ± 11, NO3–N 3.2 ± 0.4, NH4–N 9.6 ± 0.5 and P 1.8 ± 0.3 mg L-1) or good quality groundwater (GW) along with variable doses of N & P (25–100% of the recommended). The concentration and uptake of both N and P increased with SW and NP doses. SW enhanced N uptake by 29, 23, 18 and 37% in FGPS, AFS, FPS and VPS, respectively, while the corresponding values were 28, 21, 29 and 35 per cent for P uptake. The crop N removal obtained at 100% NP dose in GW were at par with 25% NP doses in AGF and VPS and 50% NP doses in FGPS and FPS with SW. The positive balances of nutrients with SW resulted in improvement in soil organic carbon and available status of nitrogen and phosphorus. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and activities of dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase also improved substantially with SW. The most of nitrate-N was retained in the surface 0.3 m soil especially its leaching was minimal under AFS. Overall results indicated for improvement in the awareness of the growers for adjusting NP doses and non-dependent on water guzzling crops like paddy to minimise the fertiliser costs and the contamination of groundwater.
4 Nchanji, E. B.; Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Governance in urban and peri-urban vegetable farming in Tamale, northern Ghana. Land Use Policy, 73:205-214. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.011]
Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Food systems ; Governance ; Markets ; Corporate culture ; Forums ; Stakeholders ; Farmers ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Irrigation ; Land resources ; Case studies / West Africa / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048759)
(0.52 MB)
This article uses the example of Tamale, Ghana, to examine urban food system governance, with a focus on food production. Urban and peri-urban agriculture is common in West Africa, and supports food security and livelihoods globally. The analysis is grounded in the notion of everyday governance as a process co-performed by governors and subjects. Ideas from the conceptual tools of forum shopping and institutional shopping will be used to explain the dynamics inherent in urban food governance. We focus on data pertaining to land and water, major points of contention in this context. Examples are drawn from a database comprising interviews, focus group discussions, observational records and secondary data. They show how actors take advantage of gaps and ambiguities in governance to make selections between different institutions and the governance modes they represent, for example using administrative law to challenge a chief’s prerogative to sell land. They may also select the forums in which they do this, supporting the forum shopping and institutional shopping models as presented in the literature. Our data also show situations involving partial elements and extensions of forum shopping and institutional shopping. These include institutions shopping for the support of actors; strategic inconsistency, where actors present alternative arguments within an accepted forum, and hybrid governance, where multiple institutions and actor groups co-govern while acknowledging each other. Our work explains the way in which subjects and governors co-construct governance. The confirmation of subjects’ agency, and therefore the potential power of advocacy, is salient for governors as well as governed actor groups. Another relevant implication is that transparency is essential, especially in the co-construction of hybrid governance.
5 Cousin, E.; Kawamura, A. G.; Rosegrant, M. W. 2019. From scarcity to security: managing water for a nutritious food future. Chicago, IL, USA: Chicago Council on Global Affairs. 149p.
Water scarcity ; Water security ; Water management ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Strategies ; Climate change ; Water resources ; Groundwater ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Institutions ; Water policy ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water use efficiency ; Water productivity ; Water demand ; Agricultural research ; Agricultural production ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Urban agriculture ; Precision agriculture ; Technology ; Agricultural trade ; Trade policies ; Virtual water ; Supply chain ; Irrigation management ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Women ; Diet
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049178)
https://www.thechicagocouncil.org/sites/default/files/report_from-scarcity-to-security_20190321.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049178.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049178.pdf
(9.63 MB) (9.63 MB)
6 Lee-Smith, D.; Prain, G.; Cofie, Olufunke; van Veenhuizen, R.; Karanja, N. 2020. Urban and peri-urban farming systems: feeding cities and enhancing resilience. In Dixon, J.; Garrity, D. P.; Boffa, J.-M.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; Amede, T.; Auricht, C.; Lott, R.; Mburathi, G. (Eds.). Farming systems and food security in Africa: priorities for science and policy under global change. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.504-531. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Farming systems ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Towns ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Backyard farming ; Open spaces ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Wastewater irrigation ; Waste utilization ; Nutrients ; Agricultural productivity ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Households ; Farmers ; Population ; Hunger ; Poverty ; Resilience ; Sustainable development ; Natural resources ; Climate change ; Human capital ; Social capital ; Women's participation ; Technology ; Energy ; Policies ; Trade ; Markets ; Institutions ; Strategies / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049663)
(8.87 MB)
7 Hanjra, Munir A.; Williams, Timothy O. 2020. Global change and investments in smallholder irrigation for food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Gomez y Paloma, S.; Riesgo, L.; Louhichi, K. (Eds.). The role of smallholder farms in food and nutrition security. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.99-131. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42148-9_6]
Food security ; Nutrition security ; Smallholders ; Irrigation schemes ; Public investment ; Rural urban relations ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Intensification ; Small scale systems ; Poverty ; Business models ; Public-private partnerships ; Wastewater irrigation ; Water reuse ; Water policy ; Solar energy ; Surface water ; Groundwater development ; Sustainability / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / Southern Africa / South Africa / Zimbabwe / United Republic of Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049733)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-42148-9_6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049733.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049733.pdf
(0.63 MB) (640 KB)
Investments in irrigation contribute to poverty reduction and enhance food security. This paper considers irrigation investments more broadly in the context of rural–urban linkages and thus examines rural irrigation schemes and peri-urban and urban agriculture using freshwater, groundwater and wastewater. We present case studies from East, West and Southern Africa, while focusing on the imperative of smallholders and of food security and nutrition. Evidence from Big Data and telecoupling show that, amid global change and sustainability issues, irrigation development strengthens connections between humans and nature with notable benefits to food security. Transforming investments to feed the future generation require priority investments in irrigation, solar energy for groundwater pumping, groundwater development policy, and integration of peri-urban and urban agriculture into food systems. Equally important will be no-regret interventions in wastewater reuse, water storage and groundwater buffer, micro-irrigation, and wholesale reconfiguration of farming systems, through anticipatory investments, to safeguard food security and sustainability into the distant future.
8 Dixon, J.; Garrity, D. P.; Boffa, J.-M.; Williams, Timothy Olalekan; Amede, T.; Auricht, C.; Lott, R.; Mburathi, G. (Eds.) 2020. Farming systems and food security in Africa: priorities for science and policy under global change. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 638p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
Farming systems ; Food security ; Climate change ; Policies ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Sustainable development ; Irrigated farming ; Large scale systems ; Mixed farming ; Agropastoral systems ; Perennials ; Agricultural productivity ; Intensification ; Diversification ; Farm size ; Land tenure ; Livestock ; Fish culture ; Agricultural extension ; Forests ; Highlands ; Drylands ; Fertilizers ; Soil fertility ; Water management ; Natural resources ; Nutrition security ; Energy ; Technology ; Investment ; Market access ; Trade ; Human capital ; Agricultural population ; Gender ; Women ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Living standards ; Poverty ; Hunger ; Socioeconomic environment ; Households ; Yield gap ; Tree crops ; Tubers ; Cereal crops ; Root crops ; Maize ; Ecosystem services ; Resilience ; Strategies / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / Southern Africa / Central Africa / Middle East / North Africa / Sahel
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049739)
(103 MB)
9 Jampani, Mahesh; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Liedl, R.; Locher-Krause, K.; Hulsmann, S. 2020. Multi-functionality and land use dynamics in a peri-urban environment influenced by wastewater irrigation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 62:102305. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102305]
Wastewater irrigation ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Land use change ; Modelling ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Watersheds ; Irrigated land ; Forecasting ; Satellite imagery ; Crops ; Rice ; Vegetables ; Brachiaria mutica / India / Hyderabad / Kachiwani Singaram Micro WaterShed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049805)
(8.38 MB)
Peri-urban areas are characterized by multifunctional land-use patterns forming a mosaic of built-up and agricultural areas. They are critical for providing food and other agricultural products, livelihood opportunities and multiple ecosystem services, which makes them transformative where urban and rural spaces blend. We analyzed land use changes in a peri-urban micro-watershed in Southern India by using Google Earth data to understand the micro-level spatio-temporal dynamics. This study aims at understanding the peri-urban agriculture and landscape changes as related to the change in use of wastewater and groundwater for irrigation. The temporal dynamics of peri-urban system including the changes in built-up, paragrass, paddy rice and vegetable cultivation, groundwater and wastewater irrigated areas in the watershed were evaluated. The detected changes indicate that, as a consequence of urban pressures, agricultural landscapes are being converted into built-up areas and, at the same time, former barren land is converted to agricultural plots. The mapped land use data are used in landscape change modelling for predicting the peri-urban agricultural dynamics and the driving factors in the watershed. Combined with the mapping and modelling approaches for land use change analysis, our results form the basis for integrated resources management in the wastewater influenced peri-urban systems.
10 Nigussie, S.; Liu, L.; Yeshitela, K. 2021. Towards improving food security in urban and peri-urban areas in Ethiopia through map analysis for planning. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 58:126967. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126967]
Food security ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Food insecurity ; Food supply ; Field crops ; Vegetables ; Ecosystem services ; Farmland ; Land use ; Soil fertility ; Farmers ; Sustainable development ; Case studies / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa / Little Akaki River Catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050185)
(4.10 MB)
Nowadays, food insecurity is intensifying in urban areas of Ethiopia, accompanied by a high food price. This paper aims to explore the capacity of farmlands (field crop areas and vegetable farmlands) to supply food and search for suitable locations for urban and peri-urban agriculture that are low in extent at the moment. Both the capacity assessment and the suitability analysis used overlay analysis with multiple criteria in ArcGIS software. The result shows that 62.4 % of the field crop areas display a medium and 88 % of the vegetable farmlands show high capacity. Furthermore, this paper studied the suitability of bare lands for urban and peri-urban agriculture. The result reveals that 57.2 % of the bare-lands are highly suitable for urban and peri-urban agriculture. Therefore, we recommend the improvement of the capacity of the field crop areas and vegetable farmlands by increasing the potential of each indicator, especially soil fertility, which shows low potential at the moment. We, furthermore, suggest the conversion of suitable bare lands into urban and peri-urban agricultural uses. The implementation of the suggestion might improve food security and contribute to sustainable development, green infrastructure planning, environmental protection, and social cohesion.
11 Haldar, K.; Kujawa-Roeleveld, K.; Schoenmakers, M.; Datta, D. K.; Rijnaarts, H.; Vos, J. 2021. Institutional challenges and stakeholder perception towards planned water reuse in peri-urban agriculture of the Bengal Delta. Journal of Environmental Management, 283:111974. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111974]
Water reuse ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Institutions ; Stakeholders ; Governance ; Wastewater treatment ; Water supply ; Water management ; Drinking water ; Irrigation water ; Willingness to pay ; Farmers ; Households ; Policies ; Climate change ; Economic aspects ; Deltas / Bangladesh / Bengal Delta / Khulna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050277)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721000360/pdfft?md5=6b237a5238262749b353a854d4c2751a&pid=1-s2.0-S0301479721000360-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050277.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050277.pdf
(3.18 MB) (3.18 MB)
The indirect, unplanned use of urban wastewater by peri-urban farmers in developing countries poses a severe risk to the environment and the farmers. Planned water reuse could contribute substantially to the irrigation water demand in peri-urban agriculture and minimize the risk. However, implementing such practice requires a thorough evaluation of stakeholder's perception and the scope within the existing organizational structures. This paper aims to assess the level of awareness, perception, and willingness of different stakeholders toward current practices and the prospect of urban water reuse in Khulna City - one of the most vulnerable cities located in the southwest of Bangladesh due to the consequences of rapid climate changes in the Bengal delta. Also, institutional arrangements and their functioning were analyzed to understand the current sectoral performance. One questionnaire with 385 respondents from the urban area, 32 in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion with farmers in the peri-urban area, and ten interviews with key informants from the government and non-government organization was conducted. Results indicate an overall positive attitude among major stakeholder groups toward planned water reuse for peri-urban agriculture. More than half of the citizens (53%) are willing to pay for the treatment of wastewater and majority of the farmers (66%) are willing to pay for the supply of better-quality irrigation water. However, the public sector responsible for wastewater collection and treatment requires adjustment in rules and regulations to implement planned water reuse. Interrelated factors such as lack of transparency and coordination, shifting responsibilities to other organizations, lack of required resources need to be addressed in the updated rules and regulations. Strategies to enforce current regulations and align all stakeholders are also crucial for collection and treatment of wastewater and its subsequent use for crop production.
12 FAO; RUAF Foundation; International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Assessing risk in times of climate change and COVID-19: city region food system of Tamale, Ghana. Rome, Italy: FAO. 4p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6621en]
Food systems ; Risk assessment ; Climate change ; COVID-19 ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Food production ; Food supply chains ; Markets ; Weather hazards ; Drought ; Rainfall patterns ; Floods / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050719)
(1.77 MB) (1.77 MB)
This factsheet provides information on the general knowledge collected by the city region food system (CRFS) project in its phase 2 regarding the assessment of risks for the CRFS of Tamale. The data was collected through literature review and stakeholder consultations.
13 Paparrizos, S.; Kumar, U.; Amjath-Babu, T. S.; Ludwig, F. 2021. Are farmers willing to pay for participatory climate information services? Insights from a case study in peri-urban Khulna, Bangladesh. Climate Services, 23:100241. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2021.100241]
Farmers ; Willingness to pay ; Climate change ; Information services ; Participatory approaches ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Smallholders ; Resilience ; Valuation ; Decision making ; Communities ; Agricultural extension ; Households ; Case studies / Bangladesh / Khulna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050754)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405880721000297/pdfft?md5=eef7e0da5266ec867be5028a1d33705d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405880721000297-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050754.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050754.pdf
(6.40 MB) (6.40 MB)
Among technological adaptation options, climate information services (CIS) offers high potential as a means to offset climate change impacts and build resilience in farming areas of developing countries. This study explores the potential of CIS, by investigating the case of participatory CIS development in the Lower Ganges Delta of Bangladesh. Specifically, we examined the value farmers attached to a co-developed CIS as decision support tool and the price farmers were willing to pay for CIS subscriptions. Based on a hypothetical market for CIS, we used contingent valuation with a double-bounded dichotomous choice format to determine farmers willingness to pay (WTP) for CIS. Two samples were included: an experiment group of farmers exposed to and trained in CIS use for farm decision-making and a control group of farmers without prior exposure to CIS. More than 90% of farmers in the experiment group expressed willingness to pay for CIS, compared to 75% of the control group. The annual subscription fees farmers were willing to pay ranged from 970.92 taka (US $11.45) to 1387.20 taka ($16.36). WTP was greater among farmers who had participated in CIS co-development. The main factors influencing farmers’ willingness to pay were CIS cost and prior exposure and training to CIS. Given that Bangladesh has more than 16.5 million farm households, these findings suggest huge market potential for CIS. Based on the high potential of participatory CIS, governmental institutions, the private sector and social entrepreneurs are called upon to develop CIS for smallholders, to unlock smallholders’ agriculture potential.
14 Amuah, E. E. Y.; Amanin-Ennin, P.; Antwi, K. 2022. Irrigation water quality in Ghana and associated implications on vegetables and public health. A systematic review. Journal of Hydrology, 604:127211. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127211]
Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Vegetables ; Public health ; Pollutants ; Wastewater ; Pesticides ; Bacteriological analysis ; Heavy metals ; Sanitation ; Peri-urban agriculture / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050787)
(15.20 MB)
The use of contaminated water for irrigation is a major global concern. This study then reviews the impacts of irrigation water on vegetables in peri- and urban areas and the associated public health implications, and emerging contaminats in irrigation water in Ghana. Considering the quality of irrigation water, loads of enteric bacteria have been reported reaching 538 mpn/ml and 940 mpn/ml. Though total and fecal coliforms and E. coli have been detected in irrigable water in Ghana, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura were observed in vegetables. Lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, alpha-endosulfan, endrin, 1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p-DDE), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) are the dominant pesticides detected in water used for irrigation. The presence of Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Ni, and Mn have been reported in irrigatable water. Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) that require extensive research in irrigation water are antibiotics, viruses (norovirus and adenovirus), and estrogens. Since untreated wastewater is predominantly used for irrigation in some parts of Ghana, high levels of Hg and Cd have been detected. Findings from this review indicate that the safety of vegetables sold in Ghana are largely dependent on the quality of water used for irrigation.
15 Haldar, K.; Kujawa-Roeleveld, K.; Acharjee, T. K.; Datta, D. K.; Rijnaarts, H. 2022. Urban water as an alternative freshwater resource for matching irrigation demand in the Bengal Delta. Science of the Total Environment, 835:155475. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155475]
Irrigation water ; Freshwater ; Urban areas ; Water demand ; Water resources ; Water management ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Water requirements ; Irrigation requirements ; Infrastructure ; Rain ; Runoff ; Deltas ; Population growth ; Models / Bangladesh / Bengal Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051142)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722025712/pdfft?md5=bb4438fa4f0b51d607d4f5a1adca77e4&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969722025712-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051142.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051142.pdf
(1.75 MB) (1.75 MB)
Rapid changes in climate patterns, population growth, urbanization, and rising economic activities have increased the pressure on the delta's freshwater availability. Bangladesh's coastal planes suffer from a shortage of good quality irrigation water, which is crucial for peri-urban agriculture and at the same time, a high volume of untreated wastewater is discharged into the surface water. This calls for a transition towards efficiently managing and (re)using available urban water resources for irrigation, which is addressed in this paper. A quantitative match between the irrigation demand and potential freshwater supply has been assessed considering different urban water generation scenarios. The FAO AquaCrop model has been used to calculate the irrigation water demand for Boro rice during the dry period. Results indicate that 7.4 million m3 of irrigation water is needed, whereas over 8.2 million m3 of urban water is being generated during the dry season. Simultaneously, mismatches between irrigation demand and alternative water supply mainly occurred in February and March, which could be resolved with water storage capacities. However, to make urban water reuse a reality, the water management policy needs to change to facilitate the construction of required infrastructures for collection, treatment, and storage. The proposed method helps realize the urban water's hidden potential to sustain agricultural activities in the delta areas.
16 Simon, D.; Fauzi, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Melati, K.; Prain, G.; Jintarith, P.; Cavalleri, S. A. E.; Kangogo, D.; Osborne, M. 2022. Food waste minimization and circularity for optimizing urban food system resilience. Indonesia: Think20 (T20). Task Force 4 - Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture. 18p.
Food wastes ; Food losses ; Waste reduction ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Food systems ; Resilience ; Circular economy ; Food security ; Food supply ; Waste management ; Reuse ; Behavioural changes ; Strategies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Partnerships ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051373)
https://www.t20indonesia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Food-waste-minimization-and-circularity-for-optimizing-urban-food-system-resilience_TF4.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051373.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051373.pdf
(1.37 MB) (1.37 MB)
As urbanization increases, meeting the challenges of urban food supply and food security requires coherent and holistic strategies. Attention too often focuses solely on best practices without addressing the required behavior change. This policy brief highlights the importance of minimizing food loss and waste, which accounts for some 30% of current global production, in order to link and achieve SDGs 2, 11 and 12. The strategy comprises four interrelated elements, namely adopting holistic and circular planning perspectives; facilitating urban and peri-urban farming; integrating innovative behavioral interventions; and providing enabling environments. The G20 has the capacity to act rapidly, without the need for major capital investment, thereby also providing leadership to the entire international community.
17 Prain, G.; Simon, D.; Halliday, J.; Drechsel, Pay. 2022. Investment priorities for research and innovation in urban agri-food systems: toward more resilient cities in the Global South. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6:965011. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.965011]
Agrifood systems ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Investment ; Research ; Innovation ; Resilience ; Cities ; Markets ; Informal sector ; Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Resource recovery ; Waste management ; Food production ; Governance ; Planning ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051503)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2022.965011/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051503.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051503.pdf
(0.28 MB) (288 KB)
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is widely distributed throughout the Global South. Despite urban population growth and diversifying food habits, UPA delivers an important part of urban food supply, as well as other types of services to cities, such as employment and waste reuse. Nevertheless, the extent and importance of UPA varies between different urban areas, while challenges like limited recognition, land conversion, and water pollution and competition threaten the potential of UPA to contribute to urban resilience. Key investment priorities for research and innovation for overcoming current challenges include incentivized peri-urban zoning, urban allocation of productive lands, and increasing capacities for controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Innovative repositioning of food marketing can help to strengthen supply of healthy food from UPA production, increase decent employment, and turn food markets into nutrition hubs. Priority innovations for contributing to the circular bioeconomy of cities include scaling the safe use of wastewater for irrigation through investments in the adoption of multiple risk-barrier approaches and scaling UPA-based ecosystem services for valorising solid waste and environmental management. Innovations in urban governance are required to support these processes by bringing food systems into urban planning through food mapping and the multisectoral platforms for dialogue and policy formulation across city regions and with vertical levels of government.
18 Gemeda, F. T.; Abdissa, B.; Getachew, D.; Tefera, T. 2023. Gender and agricultural production: the case of urban and peri-urban of Addis Ababa and Oromia special zone surrounding finfinne, Ethiopia. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 7(2):em0213. [doi: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/12860]
Gender ; Women ; Agricultural production ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Households ; Vegetable crops ; Livelihoods ; Akaki River ; case studies / Ethiopia / Oromia / Addis Ababa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051725)
https://www.ejosdr.com/download/gender-and-agricultural-production-the-case-of-urban-and-peri-urban-of-addis-ababa-and-oromia-12860.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051725.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051725.pdf
(1.03 MB) (1.03 MB)
In this study, we have attempted to assess how gender affects urban and peri-urban agriculture in Ethiopia. On the basis of a household survey, data were collected from 54 urban farmer households using a structured questionnaire, and nine case studies and focus group discussions were randomly selected from three sub-cities in Addis Ababa and one district in the Oromia Special Zone surrounding Finfine. Data from both primary and secondary sources were employed to generate the paper. The findings revealed that the most common types of agribusiness in urban and peri-urban areas were cultivating grass and vegetable crops. It also suggests that those involved in urban and peri-urban agriculture are creating job opportunities and extra income for middle- and low-income people. The decision-makers therefore must implement sustainable livelihood systems for these very poor communities, which reside in peri-urban and urban centers in the area.
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