Your search found 10 records
1 Dubois, M. J.; Akester, M.; Leemans, K.; Teoh, S. J.; Stuart, A.; Thant, A. M.; San, S. S.; Shein, N.; Leh, Mansoor; Moet, Palal Moet; Radanielson, A. M. 2019. Integrating fish into irrigation infrastructure projects in Myanmar: rice-fish what if…? Marine and Freshwater Research, 70(9):1229-1240. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19182]
Farming systems ; Integrated systems ; Ricefield aquaculture ; Irrigation programs ; Infrastructure ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water management ; Strategies ; Legislation ; Policies ; Environmental effects ; Institutions ; Fisheries ; Nutrition / Myanmar / Ayeyarwady Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049430)
(0.89 MB)
With rapidly increasing investment in water control infrastructure (WCI) and a recently ratified agriculture development strategy that promotes integrated farming of high-value products such as fish, agricultural production, already fundamental to Myanmar’s economy, will be central to driving the countries’ socioeconomic transformation. Water planners and managers have a unique opportunity to design and manage WCI to incorporate fish and, in so doing, reduce conflicts and optimise the benefits to both people and the ecosystem services upon which they depend. Results from rice–fish culture experimental trials in Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady Delta are providing an evidence base for the importance of integrating fish into WCI, highlighting a range of both environmental and social benefits. By using less than 13% of paddy land area and through best management practices, existing rice productivity is sustained, alongside a 25% increase in economic returns for the same land area from fish. In addition, there are considerably more protein and micronutrients available from the fish produced in the system. Should these farming system innovations be adopted at scale, Myanmar stands to benefit from increased employment, incomes and nutritional value of farm plots (alongside associated reductions in pesticide pollution) and water use benefits.
2 Leh, Mansoor; Schulte-Kellinghaus, Nikola; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; de Silva, Sanjiv; Moet, Palal. 2019. Hydrologic characterization of different rice environments in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar. Project report submitted to CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) under the project Testing Adaptation to Flood Pulsed Systems in Myanmar. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p.
Agricultural production ; Flooded rice ; Farming systems ; High yielding varieties ; Hydrological factors ; Flooding ; Hydrometeorology ; Forecasting ; Farmers ; Models ; Uncertainty ; Deltas / Myanmar / Ayeyarwady Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049431)
(2.49 MB)
3 Chuthong, J.; Liu, H.; Xu, F.; Cheng, D.; Zhang, W.; Leh, Mansoor; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2019. Joint research on hydrological impacts of the Lancang hydropower cascade on downstream extreme events: final report. Vientiane, Lao PDR: Mekong River Commission (MRC); Beijing, China: Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center (LMWRCC); Beijing, China: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 140p.
Hydropower ; Development projects ; Hydrological factors ; Extreme weather events ; Drought ; Flooding ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Water resources ; Reservoirs ; Rivers ; Dams ; Stream flow ; Discharges ; Water levels ; Runoff ; Dry season ; Climatic factors ; International waters ; Meteorological stations ; Salinity ; Models / China / Thailand / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Cambodia / Myanmar / Vietnam / Lancang-Mekong Basin / Lancang River / Mekong River / Mekong Delta / Chiang Saen Sub Basin / Luang Prabang Sub Basin / Jinghong / Nong Khai / Nakhon Phanom / Mukdahan / Pakse / Stung Treng / Kratie
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049432)
(11.10 MB)
4 Leh, Mansoor; Vongsathien, Xayyasone; McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2019. Erosion study as a contribution to the CAWA [Climate Change Adaptation in Wetlands Areas] project. Final report submitted to FAO and CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 45p.
Soil erosion models ; Universal Soil Loss Equation ; Estimation ; Rivers ; Watersheds ; Land use ; Land cover ; Rain ; Climate change adaptation ; Wetlands ; Projects ; Spatial distribution ; Slope ; Forecasting / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Xe Champone Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049437)
(5.82 MB)
5 Kafle, Kashi; Omotilewa, Oluwatoba; Leh, Mansoor. 2020. Who benefits from farmer-led irrigation expansion in Ethiopia?. Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: African Development Bank (AfDB). 42p. (African Development Bank Working Paper 341)
Groundwater irrigation ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Socioeconomic environment ; Land suitability ; Solar energy ; Agricultural practices ; Crops ; Diversification ; Cultivation ; Land use ; Pumps ; Households ; Living standards ; Population density ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Investment / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050118)
https://www.afdb.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/wps_no_341_who_benefits_from_farmer-led_irrigation_expansion_in_ethiopia.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050118.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050118.pdf
(2.04 MB) (2.04 MB)
Despite increasing popularity of farmer-led irrigation in Ethiopia, little is known about socio-economics of farmers who receive public support in accelerating its expansion. We investigate this question by combining spatial land suitability for groundwater- and solar irrigation with pre-existing socioeconomic data. We find that if public support in farmer-led irrigation expansion were to be provided to farmers who own land areas that are also spatially highly suitable for irrigation, high-value crop cultivators and wealthier farmers would most likely benefit from such investments. Specifically, we find evidence that farmers in land areas more suitable for groundwater irrigation cultivated more high value crops such as vegetables, fruits, and cash crops. Cultivation of staple crops such as cereals, oilseeds, legumes and root crops were negatively associated with groundwater irrigation suitability. In addition, we find a positive correlation between farmers’ wealth status (measured by consumption expenditure, asset index, and land size) and groundwater irrigation suitability. Controlling for regional differences and current irrigation coverage, one percent increase in irrigation suitability score was associated with 0.2% increase in per-capita consumption expenditure. Land areas that were suitable for irrigation were more likely to belong to large-holders than smallholders. Results imply that policies which aim to facilitate farmer-led irrigation development in Ethiopia should not rely only on spatial suitability for irrigation. Household socio-economics and existing agricultural practices are equally important.
6 Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Leh, Mansoor; Merrey, D. J.; Kodua, T. T.; Schmitter, Petra. 2021. Solar photovoltaic technology for small-scale irrigation in Ghana: suitability mapping and business models. Agricultural Water Management – Making a Business Case for Smallholders. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 50p. (IWMI Research Report 178) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.209]
Solar energy ; Photovoltaic systems ; Technology ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation systems ; Business models ; Feasibility studies ; Environmental sustainability ; Irrigated farming ; Smallholders ; Groundwater irrigation ; Aquifers ; Water resources ; Multiple use water services ; Water lifting ; Pumps ; Renewable energy ; Policies ; Regulations ; Supply chains ; Value chains ; Financial viability ; Costs ; Input output analysis ; Institutions ; Case studies ; Innovation scaling / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050503)
(7.40 MB)
This report assesses the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation for smallholder agriculture in Ghana, using elements of business planning and business models with a suitability mapping approach. These approaches take into account the economic as well as environmental sustainability of expanding such technology. Using data from existing solar PV irrigation systems and interviews with key industry actors, the report discusses the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar PV technology and outlines the technology supply chain, mapping the key actors and their roles. The financial viability of two empirical business cases – directly funding an agribusiness and subsidizing a cooperative model – is analyzed to assess the feasibility of expanding access to the technology. Furthermore, three solar PV irrigation business model scenarios are presented based on insights gained from the two empirical cases as well as from analyzing the existing policy and regulatory framework, the technology supply chain and environmental suitability. The potential for solar PV irrigation pumps is substantial, especially in northern Ghana, although care must be taken to avoid overpumping some aquifers. Achieving this potential will require strengthening the policy framework and making finance available at a reasonable cost. The report identifies alternative financing mechanisms and business models that have been tried elsewhere and can be adapted to Ghana, and makes recommendations to enhance the sustainable uptake of solar PV irrigation.
7 Kafle, Kashi; Omotilewa, O.; Leh, Mansoor; Schmitter, Petra. 2022. Who is likely to benefit from public and private sector investments in farmer-led irrigation development? Evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Development Studies, 58(1):55-75. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1939866]
Farmer-led irrigation ; Public sector ; Private sector ; Investment ; Groundwater irrigation ; Land suitability ; Socioeconomic environment ; Smallholders ; Microirrigation ; Irrigation systems ; Solar energy ; Household consumption ; Assets ; Crop production ; Rural areas / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050546)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2021.1939866
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050546.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050546.pdf
(3.69 MB) (3.69 MB)
In recent years, farmer-led irrigation development has gained the interest of development partners and governments in the Global South following its success in enhancing agricultural production and livelihoods in South Asia. However, little is known about the socio-economic situation of farmers who receive public support for its expansion. Considering its rapid expansion in sub-Saharan Africa, we take the case of Ethiopia and explore the relationship between irrigation suitability and farmers’ socio-economic status. We find that high-value crop producers and wealthier farmers are most likely to make private investments and also benefit from public support in farmer-led irrigation expansion if investments are directed to land areas highly suitable for irrigation. Cultivation of high-value crops (fruit, vegetables) was common in areas more suitable for irrigation but staple crop cultivation (cereals, legumes) was negatively associated with irrigation suitability. Wealth status (consumption expenditure, asset index, and land size) was also positively correlated with irrigation suitability. A 10 per cent increase in groundwater irrigation suitability score was associated with a 2 per cent increase in per-capita consumption expenditure. Results imply that policies aiming to facilitate farmer-led irrigation development should combine biophysical information on land and water suitability for irrigation with household socio-economic characteristics and existing agricultural systems.
8 Patle, P.; Singh, P. K.; Ahmad, I.; Matsuno, Y.; Leh, Mansoor; Ghosh, Surajit. 2023. Spatio-temporal estimation of green and blue water consumptions and water and land productivity using satellite remote sensing datasets and WA+ framework: a case study of the Mahi Basin, India. Agricultural Water Management, 277:108097. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108097]
Water use ; Land productivity ; Water productivity ; Satellite observation ; Remote sensing ; Datasets ; Frameworks ; Estimation ; Evapotranspiration ; Semiarid zones ; Case studies / India / Madhya Pradesh / Gujarat / Rajasthan / Mahi Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051577)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377422006448/pdfft?md5=50b09813950cc58134ad605f62d666a9&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377422006448-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051577.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051577.pdf
(15.50 MB) (15.5 MB)
The agricultural activities contribute to the largest share of water consumption in the arid and semi-arid basins. In this study, we demonstrate the application of Water Accounting Plus (WA+) for estimation of the green water consumption (ETGreen) and blue water consumption (ETBlue) for assessing the water productivity (WP) and land productivity (LP) to identify the bright-spots and hot-spots at the district administrative unit level for effectively managing the scarce water resources and sustaining food security in a highly non-resilient semi-arid basin of India. The WA+ framework uses satellite remote sensing datasets from different sources for this purpose and we used the data from 2003 to 2020. The long-term average of ETGreen and ETBlue in the Mahi basin is found to be 15.8 km3 /year and 12.32 km3 /year, respectively. The blue water index (BWI) and green water index (GWI) in the basin vary from 0.282 to 0.598 and 0.40–0.72. We found that the BWI is highest for the districts of Gujarat, whereas, the GWI is highest for the districts of Madhya Pradesh. The long-term average of the LP and WP for both the irrigated and rainfed cereals in the basin is found as 2287.71 kg/ha & 1713.62 kg/ha and 0.721 kg/ m3 & 0.483 kg/m3 , respectively from 2003 to 2020. The WP (rainfed) of all the districts of the Gujarat is comparatively lower (varying from 0.34 kg/m3 to 0.5 kg/m3 ) than the districts of the Madhya Pradesh (varying from 0.59 kg/m3 to 0.70 kg/m3 ) and the Rajasthan (varying from 0.48 kg/m3 to 0.73 kg/m3 ). Based on the results, we found that the Ratlam district of the Madhya Pradesh has both highest LP and WP (irrigated) as 2573.96 kg/ha and 2.14 kg/m3 , respectively among all the districts of the Mahi basin, and hence it is classified as the ‘Bright spot-district’. The Anand district is found to have the lowest WP and LP as 0.44 kg/m3 and 2467.51 kg/ha, respectively and hence it is classified as the ‘hot spot-district’. For rainfed cereals, we found that the Neemuch district of Madhya Pradesh has the highest WP and LP as 0.59 kg/m3 and 1948.13 kg /ha, respectively, and the Anand district with the lowest WP as 0.34 kg/m3 and LP of 1572.21 kg/ha, respectively. Therefore, we classified the Neemach district as the ‘Bright spot-district’ and the Anand district as the hot spot- district for rainfed cereals. These findings will help develop sustainable and actionable agricultural water management plans by the policymakers and stakeholders in the basin.
9 Mekonnen, Kirubel; Velpuri, Naga Manohar; Leh, Mansoor; Akpoti, Komlavi; Owusu, Afua; Tinonetsana, Primrose; Hamouda, T.; Ghansah, B.; Paranamana, Thilina Prabhath; Munzimi, Y. 2023. Accuracy of satellite and reanalysis rainfall estimates over Africa: a multi-scale assessment of eight products for continental applications. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 49:101514. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101514]
Rainfall ; Estimation ; Satellites ; Datasets ; Models ; Performance assessment ; Evaluation ; Climatology ; River basins ; Climatic zones ; Rain gauges ; Observation / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052164)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221458182300201X/pdfft?md5=eeafc6b121eec039f2a2cd37cb0c7e67&pid=1-s2.0-S221458182300201X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052164.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052164.pdf
(14.00 MB) (14.0 MB)
Study Region: Continental Africa
Study Focus: This study evaluates the accuracy of eight gauge-corrected rainfall products across Africa through direct comparisons with in situ observations for the period 2001–2020. The effect of validation datasets on the performance of the rainfall products was also quantified in ten African countries. Four categorical and five continuous metrics were estimated at multiple spatial and temporal scales as part of the evaluation.
New hydrological insights for the Region: Results indicate that the performance of the rainfall products varied in space and time. Evaluation at temporal scales revealed that, on average, most rainfall products showed poor results (KGE < 0.35) at the daily timescale. In contrast, RFE v2.0, ARC v2.0, and MSWEP v2.8 were reliable (KGE > 0.75) at the monthly and annual timescales. Among the rainfall products, the performance of TAMSATv3.1, PERSIANN-CDR, and ERA 5 was relatively poor in capturing in situ observations. Evaluation at various spatial scales revealed mixed results. The ARC v2.0 and CHIRPS v2.0 rainfall products were reliable in detecting no rains (< 1 mm/day) for all 19 spatial scales, indicating a high level of confidence for drought studies. IMERG-F v6B and RFE v2.0 were reliable in detecting heavy and high-intensity rainfall events for all spatial scales. Using the KGE performance metrics at the regional level, MSWEP v2.8 in the Northern Africa region, RFE v2.0 in the Western and Southern Africa regions, ARC v2.0 in Central Africa, and CHIRPS v2.0 in the Eastern Africa region showed better performances at monthly timescale. Moreover, the performance of the gauge-corrected rainfall datasets was reduced when compared with independent validation data (gauge data not used by rainfall products) than dependent validation data. This study provides several new insights into choosing a rainfall product for continental to regional applications and identifies the need for bias correction.
Study Focus: This study evaluates the accuracy of eight gauge-corrected rainfall products across Africa through direct comparisons with in situ observations for the period 2001–2020. The effect of validation datasets on the performance of the rainfall products was also quantified in ten African countries. Four categorical and five continuous metrics were estimated at multiple spatial and temporal scales as part of the evaluation.
New hydrological insights for the Region: Results indicate that the performance of the rainfall products varied in space and time. Evaluation at temporal scales revealed that, on average, most rainfall products showed poor results (KGE < 0.35) at the daily timescale. In contrast, RFE v2.0, ARC v2.0, and MSWEP v2.8 were reliable (KGE > 0.75) at the monthly and annual timescales. Among the rainfall products, the performance of TAMSATv3.1, PERSIANN-CDR, and ERA 5 was relatively poor in capturing in situ observations. Evaluation at various spatial scales revealed mixed results. The ARC v2.0 and CHIRPS v2.0 rainfall products were reliable in detecting no rains (< 1 mm/day) for all 19 spatial scales, indicating a high level of confidence for drought studies. IMERG-F v6B and RFE v2.0 were reliable in detecting heavy and high-intensity rainfall events for all spatial scales. Using the KGE performance metrics at the regional level, MSWEP v2.8 in the Northern Africa region, RFE v2.0 in the Western and Southern Africa regions, ARC v2.0 in Central Africa, and CHIRPS v2.0 in the Eastern Africa region showed better performances at monthly timescale. Moreover, the performance of the gauge-corrected rainfall datasets was reduced when compared with independent validation data (gauge data not used by rainfall products) than dependent validation data. This study provides several new insights into choosing a rainfall product for continental to regional applications and identifies the need for bias correction.
10 Owusu, Afua; Kagone, S.; Leh, Mansoor; Velpuri, Naga Manohar; Gumma, M. K.; Ghansah, Benjamin; Thilina-Prabhath, Paranamana; Akpoti, Komlavi; Mekonnen, Kirubel; Tinonetsana, Primrose; Mohammed, I. 2024. A framework for disaggregating remote-sensing cropland into rainfed and irrigated classes at continental scale. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 126:103607. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103607]
Farmland ; Remote sensing ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Frameworks ; Agricultural water management ; Land use ; Land cover ; Models ; Datasets / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052552)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843223004314/pdfft?md5=83620252268d54a0c1e63640065278cd&pid=1-s2.0-S1569843223004314-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052552.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052552.pdf
(11.90 MB) (11.9 MB)
Agriculture consumes the largest share of freshwater globally; therefore, distinguishing between rainfed and irrigated croplands is essential for agricultural water management and food security. In this study, a framework incorporating the Budyko model was used to differentiate between rainfed and irrigated cropland areas in Africa for eight remote sensing landcover products and a high-confidence cropland map (HCCM). The HCCM was generated for calibration and validation of the crop partitioning framework as an alternative to individual cropland masks which exhibit high disagreement. The accuracy of the framework in partitioning the HCCM was evaluated using an independent validation dataset, yielding an overall accuracy rate of 73 %. The findings of this study indicate that out of the total area covered by the HCCM (2.36 million km2 ), about 461,000 km2 (19 %) is irrigated cropland. The partitioning framework was applied on eight landcover products, and the extent of irrigated areas varied between 19 % and 30 % of the total cropland area. The framework demonstrated high precision and specificity scores, indicating its effectiveness in correctly identifying irrigated areas while minimizing the misclassification of rainfed areas as irrigated. This study provides an enhanced understanding of rainfed and irrigation patterns across Africa, supporting efforts towards achieving sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Consequently, the approach outlined expands on the suite of remote sensing landcover products that can be used for agricultural water studies in Africa by enabling the extraction of irrigated and rainfed cropland data from landcover products that do not have disaggregated cropland classes.
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