Your search found 21 records
1 Bottomley, A. 1980. The economics of irrigation in Baluchistan. Draft report of follow-up investment Consultant of the United Nations Department of Technical Co-Operation for Development, New York, on groundwater investigations in selected areas of Baluchistan. 59p.
Groundwater development ; River basin development ; Cost benefit analysis ; Financing / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 543 Record No: H02446)
2 Hecht, R. 1988. Land and water rights and the design of small-scale irrigation projects: the case of Baluchistan. Digana Village, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI). 15p. (IIMI Working Paper 008)
Water rights ; Land ownership ; Irrigation design ; Small scale systems ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Rehabilitation / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H004835)
(1.09 MB)
3 Birch, D. R.; Russell, A. P. G. 1989. A successful example of a multidisciplinary approach to irrigation scheme planning and implementation in Baluchistan. In Rydzewski, J. R.; Ward, C.F. (Eds.) Irrigation theory and practice. Proceedings of the International Conference, University of Southampton, 12-15 September. London: Pentech Press. pp.856-868.
Project planning ; Irrigation programs ; Irrigation management ; Case studies / Pakistan / Baluchistan / Pui
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7 G000 RYD Record No: H07566)
4 Garces-Restrepo, C. 1993. Rapid tubewell development versus sustainable farmer-managed irrigation in Baluchistan. FMIS Newsletter, No.12:5-8.
Tube wells ; Farmer managed irrigation systems ; Irrigation systems ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Environmental effects / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H013627)
5 van Steenbergen, F. 1995. Training of participatory farmers in water allocation, Baluchistan, Pakistan. FMIS Newsletter, 13:30-32.
Training ; Water management ; Farmer participation ; Water allocation ; Water users / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H017593)
(0.32 MB)
6 van Steenbergen, F. 1996. System captives: change and stagnation in farmer-managed water delivery schedules. In International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID); FAO. Irrigation scheduling: from theory to practice. Proceedings of the ICID/FAO Workshop on Irrigation Scheduling, Rome, Italy, 12-13 September 1995. Rome, Italy: FAO. pp.353-360. (FAO Water Reports 8)
Farmer-managed irrigation systems ; Water delivery ; Irrigation scheduling ; Case studies / Pakistan / Baluchistan / Saliaza Appozai / Uriagai / Zum Shah Murad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G000 FAO Record No: H021339)
7 Kovach, S. 1987. OFWMP management manual for furrow/trickle demonstration plots, Baluchistan Province. On Farm Water Management Project, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Co-operatives, Government of Pakistan, Federal Water Management Cell, and USAID. 24p. + annexes.
Furrow irrigation ; Drip irrigation ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation requirements ; Evapotranspiration ; Fertilizers ; Water quality ; Analysis ; Handbooks / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G730 KOV Record No: H022166)
8 Lagerweij, I.; Vulto, C. 1999. Implementing a participatory, gender-based approach in Baluchistan. Waterlines, 18(1):5-7.
Water supply ; Sanitation ; Development projects ; Gender ; Women in development ; Social participation ; Community development / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H024812)
9 Kalwij, I. M.; Duke, V.; Prathapar, S. A. 1999. Water resources management research issues in the highlands of Baluchistan: workshop proceedings. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Pakistan National Program. iv, 36p. (IWMI Pakistan Report R-092) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.529]
Water resource management ; Research institutes ; Research projects ; Agricultural research ; Farmer participation ; Irrigation programs / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 333.91 G730 KAL Record No: H024993)
(5.26MB)
10 Jobin, W. 1999. Dams and disease: Ecological design and health impacts of large dams, canals and irrigation systems. London, UK: E & FN Spon. xiv, 580p.
Dams ; Irrigation canals ; Irrigation systems ; Reservoirs ; Flood plains ; Estuaries ; Ecology ; Deforestation ; Environmental sustainability ; Public health ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors ; Malaria ; Schistosomiasis ; Biological control ; Water supply ; Velocity ; Sanitation ; Water quality ; Sensitivity analysis ; Sedimentation ; Pest control ; Environmental effects ; Hydroelectric schemes ; Settlement / USA / Puerto Rico / Dominican Republic / Surinam / Brazil / Argentina / Morocco / Senegal / Africa / Nigeria / Sudan / Eritrea / Somalia / Zimbabwe / Iran / Pakistan / China / Sumatra / Tennessee Valley / Rockey Mountains / Panama Canal / Nizao River / Senegal River / Niger River / Volta River / Nile River / Zambezi River / Sabi River / Oum Er R'bia River / Aswan / Merowe / Gezira-Managil / Jubba River / Baluchistan / Ghazi-Barotha / Bolan Dam / Three Gorges Dam / Sibolga
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 627.8 G000 JOB Record No: H025368)
11 Hendrickx, J. M. H.; Khan, A. S.; Bannink, M. H.; Birch, D.; Kidd, C. 1991. Numerical analysis of groundwater recharge through stony soils using limited data. Journal of Hydrology, 127:173-192.
Groundwater ; Recharge ; Soil properties ; Soil texture ; Water table ; Infiltration ; Flow discharge ; Catchment areas ; Simulation models ; Computer models / Pakistan / Baluchistan / Quetta Valley / Ziargai
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5776 Record No: H028581)
12 Appell, V.; Baluch, M. S.; Hussain, Intizar. 2004. Pro-poor water harvesting systems in drought-prone areas: a case study of the Karez system in Baluchistan, Pakistan. In Hussain, Intizar; Giordano, Mark (Eds.), Water and poverty linkages: case studies from Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka - Project report 1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. pp.51-75.
Water harvesting ; Drought ; Poverty ; Irrigation systems ; Water resource management ; Women ; Health / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G570 HUS Record No: H034916)
13 Chaudhry, M. R. 2002. Water management in Baluchistan. In IPTRID, Pakistan – Development of a Research Programme in Irrigation and Drainage: Proceedings of a roundtable meeting, Lahore, Pakistan, 10-11 November 2000. Rome, Italy: IPTRID. pp.65-79.
Groundwater management ; Groundwater development ; Land use ; Water quality ; Drainage ; Watershed management / Pakistan / Baluchistan
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.1 G730 IPT Record No: H035520)
14 Ahmad, Shahid; Hussain, Zahid; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Majeed, Rashida; Saleem, Mohammad. 2004. Drought mitigation in Pakistan: current status and options for future strategies. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). vii, 47p. (IWMI Working Paper 085 / IWMI Drought Series: Paper 3) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.267]
Drought ; Water resources ; Crops ; Households ; Water harvesting ; Water conservation ; Dams ; Wells ; Farm ponds ; Tanks ; Groundwater ; Recharge ; Spate irrigation ; Runoff ; Manual pumps ; Watercourses ; Institutions ; Policy ; Legislation / Pakistan / Baluchistan / Sindh
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 338.14 G730 AHM Record No: H036235)
(677 KB)
15 Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; McCornick, Peter G.; Qadir, Manzoor; Aslam, Z. 2008. Managing salinity and waterlogging in the Indus Basin of Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management, 95: 1-10.
River basins ; Salinity control ; Waterlogging ; Drainage ; Canals ; Groundwater ; Recharge ; Tube wells ; Irrigated farming / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Baluchistan / Sind / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G730 QUR Record No: H040511)
Waterlogging and salinization are major impediment to the sustainability of irrigated lands and livelihoods of the farmers, especially the smallholders, in the affected areas of the Indus Basin. These problems are the result of a multitude of factors, including seepage from unlined earthen canals system, inadequate provision of surface and subsurface drainage, poor water management practices, insufficient water supplies and use of poor quality groundwater for irrigation. About 6.3 million ha are affected by different levels and types of salinity, out of which nearly half are under irrigated agriculture. Since the early 1960s, several efforts have been made to improve the management of salt-affected and waterlogged soils. These include lowering groundwater levels through deep tubewells, leaching of salts by excess irrigation, application of chemical amendments (e.g. gypsum, acids, organic matter), and the use of biological and physical methods. However, in spite of huge investments, the results have in general been disappointing and the problems of waterlogging and salinity persist. This paper reviews sources, causes and extent of salinity and waterlogging problems in the Indus Basin. Measures taken to overcome these problems over the last four decades are also discussed. The results reveal that the installed drainage systems were initially successful in lowering groundwater table and reducing salinity in affected areas. However, poor operation and maintenance of these systems and provision of inadequate facilities for the disposal of saline drainage effluent resulted in limited overall success. The paper suggests that to ensure the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin, technical and financial support is needed and enhanced institutional arrangements including coordination among different federal and provincial government agencies to resolve inter-provincial water allocation and water related issues is required.
16 Rahut, D. B.; Ali, A.; Imtiaz, M.; Mottaleb, K. A.; Erenstein, O. 2016. Impact of irrigation water scarcity on rural household food security and income in Pakistan. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 16(3):675-683. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.179]
Water scarcity ; Irrigation water ; Rural areas ; Household income ; Food security ; Poverty ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Cereal crops ; Wheat ; Maize ; Rice ; Crop yield ; Models / Pakistan / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048086)
(0.16 MB)
As Pakistan is currently facing a severe shortage of irrigation water, this paper analyzes the determinants of water scarcity and its impact on the yield of cereal crops (wheat, maize and rice), household income, food security and poverty levels by employing the propensity-score-matching approach. This study is based on a comprehensive set of cross-sectional data collected from 950 farmers from all four major provinces in Pakistan. The empirical analysis indicated that farmers with a water-scarcity problem have lower yield and household income, and are food insecure. Poverty levels were higher: in the range of 7–12% for a household facing a water-scarcity problem. The policy implications of the study are that the public and private sector in Pakistan needs to invest in irrigation water management to maintain the productivity of cereal crops which is important for household food security and poverty reduction.
17 Janjua, S.; Hassan, I. 2020. Use of bankruptcy methods for resolving interprovincial water conflicts over transboundary river: case study of Indus River in Pakistan. River Research and Applications, 36(7):1334-1344. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3621]
Water resources ; International waters ; Conflicts ; Bankruptcy ; Gross national product ; River basins ; Water allocation ; Agriculture ; Water requirements ; Water scarcity ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Water deficit ; Sustainability ; Salinity ; Case studies / Pakistan / Indus River / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049969)
(0.88 MB)
Sustainable transboundary water governance is often challenged by conflicts between agents, which necessitates the design of cooperative and self-enforcing alternatives to facilitate equitable water distribution. A pervasive and critical problem related to many transboundary rivers is that the total allocation or demand of riparian states is usually much more than that of the total available water. This problem is a major cause of disputes, both nationally and internationally. A key challenge concerns how to allocate the available water among riparian states with competing and often conflicting needs under an uncertain supply–demand gap. To address this pervasive allocation problem related to transboundary rivers, the bankruptcy method is used. The bankruptcy method distributes water among riparian states when their total demand exceeds the total available water. We investigate the utility of this method in the Indus River – a river that is shared among the four provinces of Pakistan, namely, Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) – using five commonly used bankruptcy rules and the Shapely value. Two new bankruptcy rules namely the “groundwater-based rule” and “the proposed rule” are also proposed to address the usage of groundwater: the land affected by salinity and the gross domestic product (GDP) of each province. Additionally, this paper introduces a new method to compare and contrast the bankruptcy rules, the Shapely value and the two proposed rules. The findings suggest that the groundwater-based rule has the lowest dispersion and is the preferred method for water allocation in the Indus River Basin. The use of the bankruptcy rules, the Shapely value and the two proposed methods has the potential to address the supply–demand mismatches of shared rivers. The proposed framework for selecting the best rule is recommended as an effective tool to facilitate negotiation over practical water allocation within transboundary river basins.
18 Janjua, S.; Hassan, I.; Islam, S. 2020. Role and relevance of three enabling conditions to resolve inter-provincial water conflicts in the Indus Basin within Pakistan. Water Policy, 22(5):811-824. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.230]
Water management ; Transboundary conflicts ; Conflict management ; Cooperation ; River basins ; Water governance ; Agreements ; Treaties ; Water allocation ; Political aspects ; Committees ; Commissions / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050031)
(0.27 MB)
Addressing water access, allocation, and use becomes a complex problem when it crosses multiple boundaries: political, jurisdictional, and societal, as well as ecological, biogeochemical, and physical. This paper focuses on transboundary water management (TWM) problems among the riparians with conflicting needs and competing demands. The complexity of TWM problems arises because of interdependencies among variables, processes, actors, and institutions operating at various scales. For such situations, the traditional notion of necessary and sufficient causal conditions is not adequate to resolve TWM problems. In essence, the resolution of many TWM issues becomes contingent upon the changes that occur within the context of the problem. A key for initiating and sustaining the resolution of complex TWM issues appears to be a set of enabling conditions, not any easily identifiable and replicable causal conditions or mechanisms. Thus, before analyzing and addressing contingent and situational factors important for any TWM issues, this paper argues for a reframing of these issues and examining the role and relevance of three enabling conditions. Using the inter-provincial water conflicts for the Indus basin within Pakistan as an illustrative case, it shows why over 30 years of dialog and discourse could not create any formal water allocation agreement. Then, it discusses how the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991 created the enabling conditions to address inter-provincial water conflicts within Pakistan in an adaptive way.
19 Khan, M. S.; Tahir, A.; Alam, I.; Razzaq, S.; Usman, M.; Tareen, W. U. K.; Baig, N. A.; Atif, S.; Riaz, M. 2021. Assessment of solar photovoltaic water pumping of WASA [Water and Sanitation Agency] tube wells for irrigation in Quetta Valley Aquifer. Energies, 14(20):6676. (Special Issue: Sustainable Technologies for Wastewater Treatment) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206676]
Solar energy ; Photovoltaic systems ; Tube wells ; Pumping ; Irrigation ; Technology ; Electricity ; Groundwater table ; Aquifers ; Water levels ; Assessment ; Cost benefit analysis / Pakistan / Baluchistan / Quetta Valley Aquifer / Zarghoon / Chiltan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050715)
(2.77 MB) (2.77 MB)
This paper investigates the impact of tube wells on the discharge and water table of the Quetta Valley aquifer and conducts a financial analysis of the solar photovoltaic water pumping system (SPVWP) in comparison with a typical pumping system for the Water and Sanitation Agency of Quetta’s (WASA) tube wells. Quetta Valley is dependent on groundwater as surface resources are on decline and unpredictable. The population of this city has exponentially increased from 0.26 million in 1975 to 2.2 million in 2017 which has put a lot of pressure on the groundwater aquifer by installing more than 500 large capacity tube wells by WASA and Public Health Engineering (PHE) departments in addition to thousands of low-capacity private tube wells. The unprecedented running of these wells has resulted in drying of the historical Karez system, agricultural activities, and the sharp increase in power tariffs. There are 423 tube wells in operation installed by WASA in addition to PHE, Irrigation and Military Engineering Services (MES), which covers 60% of the city’s water demand. The results will be beneficial for organizations and positively impact the operation of these wells to meet public water demand. For the two zones, i.e., Zarghoon and Chiltan in Quetta Valley, recommendations are given for improved water management
20 Janjua, S.; Hassan, I.; Muhammad, S.; Ahmed, S.; Ahmed, A. 2021. Water management in Pakistan's Indus Basin: challenges and opportunities. Water Policy, 23(6):1329-1343. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.068]
Water management ; River basins ; Groundwater ; Water extraction ; Water policies ; Sustainability ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Surface water ; Water demand ; Water storage ; Infrastructure ; Water allocation ; Irrigated farming ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change / Pakistan / Indus Basin / Punjab / Sindh / Baluchistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050758)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/23/6/1329/971899/023061329.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050758.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050758.pdf
(0.58 MB) (590 KB)
The Indus River System is a major source of life in Pakistan. A vast array of Pakistan's agricultural and domestic consumption needs are critically dependent on the Indus River System. The Indus River contributes towards 25% of the country's gross domestic product, providing water for almost 90% of the food production in Pakistan. Linked to the water security issues, Pakistan is potentially at risk of facing a severe food shortage in the near future. The World Bank report of 2020–2021 estimates that the water shortage will increase to 32% by 2025, which will result in a food shortage of almost 70 million tons. Water shortage could also result in confrontation between the provinces as river sharing has always been a source of problem for Pakistan. According to recent estimates, siltation and climate change will reduce the water storage capacity by 2025 to almost 30%. As for the per capita water storage capacity in Pakistan, it is about 150 m3, which is quite meagre in comparison with that in other countries. Irrigated agriculture will soon be adversely affected due to the reduced surface water supplies and the consequent increase in groundwater abstraction. To make matters worse, over the past decades, a great deal of distrust has developed among the provinces of Pakistan regarding the water distribution issue, and the successive federal governments have failed to formulate a cohesive inter-provincial National Water Policy. Along with the shortages and increasing demand for water, administrative corruption also plagues the water sector and is quite common. The beneficiaries of this water reallocation system are not only the rural elite, for example the large and politically influential landlords, but also the small and medium capitalist farmers. If not properly addressed, these complications of decreasing water resources could result in serious political and economic hostility among the provinces. If it wants to harness its potential to increase storage capacity, Pakistan must improve its water-use efficiency and manage its groundwater and surface water resources in a sustainable way. Strengthening the institutions and removing mistrust among the provinces are the key elements for maintaining a sustainable irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin.
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