Your search found 10 records
1 Worbes, M.; Botman, E.; Khamzina, A.; Tupitsa, A.; Martius, C.; Lamers, J. P. A.. 2006. Scope and constraints for tree planting in the irrigated landscapes of the Aral Sea Basin: case studies in Khorezm Region, Uzbekistan. Bonn, Germany: Center for Development Research. 49p. (ZEF Discussion Papers on Development Policy 112)
Lakes ; Agroforestry ; Trees ; Windbreak trees ; Forests ; Legal aspects ; Irrigated land ; Farmers attitudes ; Legal aspects / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea Basin / Khorezm
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041351)
http://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/zef_dp/zefdp_112.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041351.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041351.pdf
2 Qadir, Manzoor; Martius, C.; Khamzina, A.; Lamers, J. P. A.. 2010. Harnessing renewable energy from abandoned salt-affected lands and saline drainage networks in the dry areas. In El-Beltagy, A.; Saxena, M. C. (Eds.). Sustainable development in drylands: meeting the challenge of global climate change. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Development of Drylands, Alexandria, Egypt, 7-10 November 2008. Theme 8 - Reducing greenhouse gas emission through harnessing renewable energy in the dry areas. Giza, Cairo, Egypt: International Dryland Development Commission (IDDC). pp.836-845.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043582)
(4.30 MB)
3 Bobojonov, I; Martius, C.; Lamers, J. P. A.. 2010. Economic analysis of policy scenarios for developing degraded drylands under uncertainty of irrigation water availability in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Qadir, Manzoor; Wichelns, Dennis; Oster, J.; Jacobsen, S. -E.; Basra, S. M. A.; Choukr-Allah, R. (Eds.). Sustainable management of saline waters and salt-affected soils for agriculture: proceedings of the Second Bridging Workshop, Aleppo, Syria, 15-18 November 2009. Stimulating session 6. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.92-97.
Economic analysis ; Soil salinity ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water rates / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Khorezm Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 GG30 QAD Record No: H043352)
http://www.icarda.org/wli/pdfs/Books/ProceedingsOfSecondBridgingWorkshopBook.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043352.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043352.pdf
(0.42 MB) (3.08 MB)
4 Tischbein, B.; Manschadi, A. M.; Conrad, C.; Hornidge, A.-K.; Bhaduri, A.; Ul Hassan, M.; Lamers, J. P. A.; Awan, Usman Khalid; Vlek, P. L. G. 2013. Adapting to water scarcity: constraints and opportunities for improving irrigation management in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 13(2):337-348. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.028]
Water management ; Water scarcity ; Surface water ; Groundwater resources ; Irrigation management ; Irrigation scheduling ; River basins ; Rice ; Salinity control ; Soil water ; Soil moisture ; Vegetation ; Institutions / Uzbekistan / Khorezm
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045861)
(0.36 MB)
Like many irrigation schemes in Central Asia, the one in Khorezm faces a two-fold challenge: on the one side, the severe problems inherited from the past need to be remedied and on the other side, the rising supply–demand gap driven by sharpening competition for water and climate change must be dealt with. Located in the lower part of the Amu Darya basin, Khorezm irrigation and drainage scheme is particularly vulnerable to supply–demand gaps. Promising solutions towards adaptation comprise modified strategies of land and water use towards higher efficiency and flexibility in combination with measures to lessen the constraints of the system itself, which was initially designed for the management of a few, large and uniform production units and not for many diverse and small units. Solutions consist of flexible, modeling-based approaches, re-arranging institutional settings and establishing economic incentive systems. Flexible modeling allows an integrated use of surface and groundwater resources avoiding or minimizing the impact of water stress on yield. Institutional settings strengthen the position of water users via improved participation and transparency of processes in Water Consumers Associations (WCAs). Economic measures support sustainable resource use strategies and improve the functioning of WCAs. The findings could be extrapolated to other regions of Central Asia with similar conditions and challenges.
5 Bekchanov, Maksud; Bhaduri, A.; Lenzen, M.; Lamers, J. P. A.. 2014. Integrating input-output modeling with multi-criteria analysis to assess options for sustainable economic transformation: the case of Uzbekistan. In Bhaduri, A.; Bogardi, J.; Leentvaar, J.; Marx, S. (Eds.). The global water system in the anthropocene: challenges for science and governance. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. pp.229-245. (Springer Water)
Economic development ; Economic sectors ; Input output analysis ; Models ; Environmental sustainability ; Indicators ; Water use efficiency ; Water resources ; Virtual water ; Water productivity ; Crop production ; Case studies / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046590)
(0.15 MB)
Integrating economic efficiency and environmental sustainability indicators is essential for designing policies for a sustainable development. Given the growing pressure on water resources, efficient water use becomes an essential environmental criteria for formulating adjustment reforms. Despite the wide use of backward and forward linkages as well as direct and indirect resource (energy, water, etc.) uses based on environmentally extended input-output models for assessing the performance of economic sectors, the common practice of presenting different indicators separately obstructed a straightforward policy interpretation of results. To derive a composite indicator that allows to direct ranking of sectors, we combined therefore a direct and indirect water use intensities with backward and forward linkage indexes by using the multi-criteria analysis method-TOPSIS (Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution). The model was implemented to formulate sectoral transformation measures guided by sustainable growth objectives in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, which is a representative of an area with growing water scarcity. The results showed that the presently promoted crops under the state order system—cotton and wheat—and crop preferred by farmers— rice—are the least effective production options for reaching such a sustainable growth. It is argued therefore that unbiased support for all crops through adaption of the current state order system for cotton and wheat cultivation is needed to achieve a more diversified crop portfolio with an increased share of fruits and vegetables. A further development of agro-processing industries and livestock sector bears more potential for sustainable economic development than a further promotion of producing raw agricultural commodities. Investing in industrial sectors illustrated more potential than in agriculture related sectors when aiming at economic effectiveness and increased water use efficiency. It is concluded that, with a relevant sectoral transformation, Uzbekistan has high opportunities to cope with reduced water availability.
6 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A.; Martius, C. 2014. Coping with water scarcity in the irrigated lowlands of the lower Amudarya basin, Central Asia. In Lamers, J. P. A.; Khamzina, A.; Rudenko, I.; Vlek, P. L. G. (Eds.). Restructuring land allocation, water use and agricultural value chains: technologies, policies and practices for the lower Amudarya region. Bonn, Germany: Bonn University Press. pp.199-216.
Water scarcity ; Irrigated land ; Irrigation water ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation methods ; Furrow irrigation ; Drip irrigation ; Farmers ; Soil moisture ; Crop management ; Rice ; Maize ; Organic fertilizers ; Economic aspects / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Lower Amudarya Basin / Khorezm Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046731)
(0.15 MB)
Improving irrigation efficiency is of utmost importance in the irrigated lands of Central Asia, such as the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan, since water misuse and subsequent soil salinization threaten environment, economy, and livelihoods. To this end, several field-level ‘water-wise’ innovations were selected, which are classified into four groups that address crop pattern change, soil moisture maintenance, uniform water distribution, and furrow irrigation improvement. The potential of these innovations to raise irrigation water use efficiency from its current low level was analyzed from a socio-economic and technical point of view with a focus on short-term measures to cope with sudden water shortages. The overall water use reduction potential of these options was estimated considering their adoption feasibility within the time horizon of one year. To prioritize the examined innovations according to their contribution to overall water use reduction and water profitability, ‘marginal water profitability curves’ were developed. This integrated approach could serve as a simple but effective policy tool. The findings indicate that the option of replacing rice by maize contributes to more than 50 % of the total possible water use reduction. However, while all the other options increase the total revenue, reduced revenues will be unavoidable when paddy rice is replaced by maize. Manuring provides the highest additional profit per volume of reduced water use, but contributes less than 10 % of the total water use reduction potential. With water-wise options as an immediate and short-term measure to cope with sudden water shortages, the theoretical total estimated water reduction at the field level amounts to 183 – 376,000,000 m3 or 9.0 – 18.5 % of the current total irrigation water requirement in the region. For coping with sudden shortages characterized by a water availability of only 60 % of the normal water supply, long-term planning and management of irrigation activities focusing on a wider adoption of advanced irrigation technologies are necessary.
7 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A.; Nurmetov, K. 2014. Economic incentives for adopting irrigation innovations in arid environments. In Lamers, J. P. A.; Khamzina, A.; Rudenko, I.; Vlek, P. L. G. (Eds.). Restructuring land allocation, water use and agricultural value chains: technologies, policies and practices for the lower Amudarya region. Bonn, Germany: Bonn University Press. pp.299-317.
Irrigation development ; Investment ; Arid zones ; Water management ; Water use efficiency ; Models ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Pricing ; Economic aspects ; Farmers ; Drip irrigation ; Crops ; Land levelling / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea Basin / Khorezm Region / Amu Darya River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046732)
(0.17 MB)
Water is getting scarce in many parts of the world, consequently challenging researchers, policy makers and practitioners to design options for a more efficient use of these resources, especially in irrigated agriculture. Although technical-economic efficiency of potential water-wise options and institutional restrictions for their implementation in the developing and less-developed countries are well documented, little evidence exists about the incentives for farmers and regional development agencies to adopt the efficient irrigation innovations. A linear programming model for optimizing regional agricultural income was developed to analyze the impact of water availability, water pricing, and investment accessibility on water-wise innovation adoption and conveyance efficiency improvement. The model was applied to the case of Khorezm, a region in northwestern Uzbekistan that is part of the downstream Amu Darya River in the Aral Sea Basin. Model results indicate that improving conveyance efficiency is economically less attractive than improving field-level water use efficiency due to enormous investment costs for lining the canals. Water-wise options such as manuring cotton and potatoes, implementing hydrogel in wheat and cotton, and drip irrigation of melons and vegetables are among the most promising field-level improvement options to gain optimal regional incomes under decreased water availability and increased water prices. It is illustrated that despite the huge investments needed for a wide-scale implementation of modern irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and laser-guided land leveling, their adoption will substantially improve water use efficiency, while their implementation costs can be compensated for by the additional revenues due to increased yields and reduced costs.
8 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A.; Bhaduri, A.; Lenzen, M.; Tischbein, B. 2016. Input-output model-based water footprint indicators to support IWRM in the irrigated drylands of Uzbekistan, Central Asia. In Borchardt, D.; Bogardi, J. J.; Ibisch, R. B. (Eds.). Integrated water resources management: concept, research and implementation. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.147-168.
Water footprint ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water resources ; Water management ; Indicators ; Irrigated farming ; Agriculture ; Arid zones ; Supply chain ; Economic sectors ; Economic development ; Crop production ; Fruit ; Vegetables ; Cotton ; Rice ; Empowerment / Central Asia / Uzbekistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047543)
(0.52 MB)
Water scarcity due to increasing water demand triggered by population growth and irrigation expansion versus a limited and increasingly variable water supply as a consequence of climate change is presently one of the global challenges. This is exemplified in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, where irrigated agriculture is the primary source of the livelihoods of the rural population that makes more than 60 % of all inhabitants. Yet, socio-economic and ecological challenges keep growing, also due to the inefficient management of water resources. Therefore, options to increase water use efficiency were analyzed while considering the entire supply chain of products including the production, processing, consumption and trade stages and processes. These options were analyzed through an elaborated environmentally extended input-output model. The options examined throughout the entire supply chain included: (i) implementing advanced field-level water saving technologies, (ii) increasing crop diversity through expanding fruits and vegetables production and reducing the area of current dominant crops (cotton and paddy rice in downstream), (iii) fostering the further development of less-water demanding agricultural processing industries, (iv) upgrading production value chains by expanding the production of the commodities with higher values added, (v) reducing production and consumption losses, and (vi) diversifying exports by replacing the current cotton fiber exports with cotton commodities of higher values added. The findings may spur decision-makers to formulating strategic priorities at national level and coordinating water uses considering comprehensively technical, economic and ecological aspects along the entire supply chain, which is a key element of IWRM concepts. However, it is argued that increasing water use efficiency through technological and economic transformation reforms necessitates the empowerment of water users, raising their awareness for, and providing the institutional and market infrastructure, which is in-line with IWRM principles as well.
9 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A.. 2016. Economic costs of reduced irrigation water availability in Uzbekistan (Central Asia) Regional Environmental Change, 21p. (Online first). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0961-z]
Economic aspects ; Macroeconomics ; Costs ; Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water power ; Agriculture ; Unemployment ; Farmland ; Land use ; Income ; River basins ; Downstream ; Energy consumption ; Models ; Public services ; Resource management ; Value added ; Household consumption / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047544)
(1.41 MB)
Reduced river runoff and expected upstream infrastructural developments are both potential threats to irrigation water availability for the downstream countries in Central Asia. Although it has been recurrently mentioned that a reduction in water supply will hamper irrigation in the downstream countries, the magnitude of associated economic losses, economy-wide repercussions on employment rates, and degradation of irrigated lands has not been quantified as yet. A computable general equilibrium model is used to assess the economy-wide consequences of a reduced water supply in Uzbekistan—a country that encompasses more than half of the entire irrigated croplands in Central Asia. Modeling findings showed that a 10–20 % reduction in water supply, as expected in the near future, may reduce the areas to be irrigated by 241,000–374,000 hectares and may cause unemployment to a population of 712–868,000, resulting in a loss for the national income of 3.6–4.3 %. A series of technical, financial, and institutional measures, implementable at all levels starting from the farm to the basin scale, are discussed for reducing the expected water risks. The prospects of improving the basin-wide water management governance, increasing water and energy use efficiency, and establishing the necessary legal and institutional frameworks for enhancing the introduction of needed technological and socioeconomic change are argued as options for gaining more regional water security and equity.
10 Awan, U. K.; Ibrakhimov, M.; Benli, B.; Lamers, J. P. A.; Liaqat, U. W. 2017. A new concept of irrigation response units for effective management of surface and groundwater resources: a case study from the multi-country Fergana Valley, Central Asia. Irrigation Science, 35(1):55-68. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-016-0521-9]
Water resources ; Surface water ; Groundwater table ; Water management ; Irrigation requirements ; Irrigation water ; Irrigation schemes ; Water requirements ; Water supply ; Water loss ; Water user associations ; Cropping patterns ; Evapotranspiration ; Soil texture ; Salinity ; Case studies / Central Asia / Fergana Valley / Oktepa Zilol Chashmasi Water Consumers Association
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047967)
(2.62 MB)
When estimating canal water supplies for large-scale irrigation schemes and especially in arid regions worldwide, the impact of all factors affecting the gross irrigation requirements (GIR) are not properly accounted for, which results in inefficient use of precious freshwater resources. This research shows that the concept of irrigation response units (IRU)—areas having unique combinations of factors effecting the GIR—allows for more precise estimates of GIR. An overlay analysis of soil texture and salinity, depth and salinity of groundwater, cropping patterns and irrigation methods was performed in a GIS environment, which yielded a total of 17 IRUs combinations of the Oktepa Zilol Chashmasi water consumers’ association in multi-country Fergana Valley, Central Asia. Groundwater contribution, leaching requirements, losses in the irrigation system through field application and conveyance and effective rainfall were included in GIR estimates. The GIR varied significantly among IRUs [average of 851 mm (±143 mm)] with a maximum (1051 mm) in IRU-12 and a minimum (629 mm) in IRUs-15, 16. Owing to varying groundwater levels in each IRU, the groundwater contribution played a key role in the estimation of the GIR. The maximum groundwater contribution occurred in IRUs dominated by cotton–fallow rotations as evidenced by an average value of 159 mm but a maximum of 254 mm and a minimum of 97 mm. Percolation losses depended on irrigation methods for different crops in their respective IRUs. The novel approach can guide water managers in this and similar regions to increase the accuracy of irrigation demands based on all the factor effecting the GIR.
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