Your search found 75 records
1 Johnston, Robyn M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Noble, Andrew D.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Suhardiman, Diana; Kam, Suan Pheng; Choo, P. S. 2009. Scoping study on natural resources and climate change in Southeast Asia with a focus on agriculture. Final report. Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) South East Asia Office, for Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) 107p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2010.201]
Climate change ; Natural resources ; Environmental effects ; Agroecology ; Agricultural production ; Crops ; Cropping systems ; Farming systems ; Livestock ; Fisheries ; Food security ; Water management ; Economic aspects ; Rural poverty ; Policy ; Nutrient management / South East Asia / Cambodia / Laos / Thailand / Vietnam / Myanmar / China / Greater Mekong Subregion / Tonle Sap / Yunnan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042414)
(3.26 MB) (3.26 MB)
2 Johnston, Robyn M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Noble, Andrew; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Suhardiman, Diana; Kam, S. P.; Choo, P. S. 2010. Rethinking agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion: how to sustainably meet food needs, enhance ecosystem services and cope with climate change. [Summary report]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 24p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2010.207]
Agricultural production ; Rice ; Fisheries ; Livestock ; Farming systems ; Coastal area ; Flood plains ; Climate change ; Environmental effects ; Food production ; Ecosystems ; Water management / South East Asia / Greater Mekong Subregion
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H042771)
(1.95 MB)
3 Hoanh, Chu Thai; Jirayoot, K.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Srinetr, V. 2010. Comparison of climate change impacts and development effects on future Mekong flow regime. In Swayne, D. A.; Wanhong Yang, Voinov, A.; Rizzoli, A.;Filatova, T. (Eds.). Main proceedings of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs) 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software Modelling for Environment’s Sake, Fifth Biennial Meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 5-8 July 2010. Session S.25 - Managing regional water resource systems under changing conditions. Ottawa, Canada: International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software. 9p. (published online)
Climate change ; Decision support systems ; Simulation models ; River basin development ; Flow ; Salt water intrusion / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043036)
http://www.iemss.org/iemss2010/papers/S25/S.25.03.Comparison%20of%20climate%20change%20impacts%20and%20development%20effects%20on%20Mekong%20flow%20regime%20-%20CHU%20THAI%20HOANH.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043036.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043036.pdf
(0.70 MB)
A framework of climate change (CC) analysis is developed using the Decision Support Framework models of the Mekong River Commission (SWAT hydrological, IQQM basin simulation and hydrodynamic iSIS models) to analyze impacts of CC and water resources development on Mekong flow regime. This analysis is based on six model run scenarios defined as combinations of a development scenario, either baseline or 20-year plan and a climate dataset, either observed or from regional downscaling model simulating the past in 1985-2000 or projecting the future climate in 2010-2050. The projected climate shows a slight increase in precipitation throughout the Mekong basin except in the delta. Temperature is projected to increase by 0.023°C/year. During the high-flow season, impacts of CC and development are in contrasting directions. The development brings a decrease of about -8 to -17% of river flow but CC increases +2 to +11%. The combined effect causes changes in discharge from +3% to -13% depending on CC scenarios and location of stations. In the low-flow season, both CC and development will increase river flow, with +30 to +60% due to development and +18 to +30% due to CC. The combined effect is up to +40 to +76%. While development reduces the flooded area, CC will make it larger in a wet year. Salinity intrusion area in the delta could be larger in a dry year under CC but development can reduce the affected area. The analysis shows that adaption strategies are needed to achieve the development objectives under CC conditions.
4 Lacombe, Guillaume; Pierret, Alain; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Noble, Andrew. 2010. Conflict, migration and land-cover changes in Indochina: a hydrological assessment. Ecohydrology, 3(4):382–391.
Hydrology ; River basins ; Land cover ; Forests ; Evapotranspiration ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Time series analysis ; Models / Southeast Asia / Laos / Myanmar / Thailand / Vietnam / Mekong River Basin / Indochina
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043213)
(0.35 MB)
The Indochinese section of the Mekong Basin has been subjected to major environmental disturbances over the last half century. The Vietnam War is invoked as a central explanation for the extensive deforestation in specific areas while conflictinduced exoduses caused the abandonment of cultivated lands, followed by forest regeneration. Although the socio-economical consequences of these episodes have been analysed, their hydrological impacts remain unknown. This paper investigates hydrological changes in two catchments of the lower Mekong Basin that were either heavily bombed (in southern Laos) or depopulated (in northern Laos). This analysis is based on the widely and independently recognized fact that vegetation, via evapotranspiration, is a central driver of basin water yield. The analysis of the most complete Vietnam War air mission database and of available hydro-meteorological data over the period 1960–2004 reveals a sharp runoff increase in the southern catchment when bombing climaxed in the early 1970s while no hydrological change is observed in the northern catchment over the same period. From 1995 onwards, the northern and southern catchment’s runoff productions are significantly lower and higher than in the pre-war conditions, respectively. Although causalities could not be ascertained because of data limitations, these short- and long-term hydrological shifts were found to be consistent, in terms of occurrence, spatial distribution and magnitude, with the expected changes in the vegetation cover, either denser in the north (in response to abandonment of cultivated lands) or sparser in the south (as a result of bomb-induced deforestation and soil degradations).
5 Hoanh, Chu Thai; Jirayoot, K.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Srinetr, V. 2010. Impacts of climate change and development on Mekong flow regimes. First assessment - 2009. Vientiane, Laos: Mekong River Commission. 83p. (MRC Technical Paper 29)
River basin development ; Water resources development ; Climate change ; Decision support systems ; Simulation models ; Hydrology ; Data processing ; Precipitation ; Runoff ; Environmental temperature ; Flow ; Flooding ; Salt water intrusion ; Electricity generation ; Development projects ; Irrigation programs / South East Asia / China / Myanmar / Laos / Thailand / Cambodia / Vietnam / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043262)
http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/technical/tech-No29-impact-of-climate-change.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043262.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043262.pdf
(5.70 MB) (5.70 MB)
This paper aims to summarise in detail the results of the analysis under the CSIRO-MRC project of "Reducing vulnerability of water resources, people and the environment in the Mekong Basin to climate change impacts" by providing the basic findings on the impacts of climate change and development on the Mekong River flow regimes. The paper aims: To present the framework of climate change analysis and its application to the BDP Scenarios; To present the results from the application of the DSF models of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) in order to analyse the impacts of climate change and selected BDP Scenarios on flow regimes; To determine further studies necessary to identify suitable adaptation strategies for dealing with such impacts. The framework of the climate change scenario analysis is introduced in Chapter 2. A brief introduction to the DSF is presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents the processing of the PRECIS data for the provision of climate inputs for the analysis. The results of model runs for the Baseline Scenario with observed and PRECIS data are presented in Chapter 5. Changes in the flow regime due to both development and climate change are discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for further studies are presented in Chapter 7.
6 Mainuddin, M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Jirayoot, K.; Halls, A. S.; Kirby, M.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Srinetr, V. 2010. Adaptation options to reduce the vulnerability of Mekong water resources, food security and the environment to impacts of development and climate change. Report to AusAID. Collingwood, VIC, Australia: CSIRO. Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship; Vientiane, Laos: Mekong River Commission (MRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 151p. (Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Report Series)
River basin development ; Decision support systems ; Models ; Climate change ; Analysis ; Adaptation ; Water power ; Electrical energy ; Development projects ; Dams ; Irrigation programs ; Precipitation ; Flooding ; Salt water intrusion ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Crop production ; Rice ; Maize ; Productivity ; Irrigated farming ; Rainfed farming ; Supplemental irrigation ; Environmental temperature ; Food security ; Impact assessment / South East Asia / Laos / Thailand / Cambodia / Vietnam / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043268)
https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/download?pid=csiro:EP103009&dsid=DS8
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043268.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043268.pdf
(4.38 MB) (8.49 MB)
The report aims to provide critical input to the Mekong River Commission’s (MRC) regional Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative (CCAI) which was launched shortly after the formulation of this project. The CCAI is a collaborative regional initiative designed to address the shared climate change adaptation challenges of LMB countries in response to the potential effects of climate change on the socio-economic characteristics and natural resources of the LMB region. MRC has identified need for a more informed understanding of the potential impacts from climate change. To contribute to this aim, the purpose of this report is: 1. To present the framework of climate change analysis and its application to the Basin Development Plan (BDP) Scenarios; 2. To present the results from the application of the Decision Support Framework (DSF) models of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) in order to analyse the impacts of climate change and selected BDP Scenarios on flow regimes; 3. To present climate change impacts on floods and fisheries in the LMB; 4. To present the impact of climate change on the productivity of major crops grown in the basin and their consequences on the overall food security of the basin considering future population growth. 5. To present the results of applying simple adaptation strategies related to agriculture and food security; and 6. To determine further studies necessary to identify suitable adaptation strategies for dealing with such impacts.
7 Johnston, Robyn M.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Noble, Andrew D.; Pavelic, Paul; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Suhardiman, Diana; Kam, S. P.; Choo, P. S. 2010. Climate change, water and agriculture in the Greater Mekong subregion. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 52p. (IWMI Research Report 136) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2010.212]
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Indicators ; Water resource management ; River basins ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Fisheries ; Ecosystems ; Water power ; Population growth ; Land use ; Biofuels ; Sea level / South East Asia / Cambodia / Laos / Myanmar / Thailand / Vietnam / China / Greater Mekong Subregion / Yunnan Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G800 JOH Record No: H043300)
(683.10 KB)
The impacts of climate change on agriculture and food production in Southeast Asia will be largely mediated through water, but climate is only one driver of change. Water resources in the region will be shaped by a complex mixture of social, economic and environmental factors. This report reviews the current status and trends in water management in the Greater Mekong Subregion; assesses likely impacts of climate change on water resources to 2050; examines water management strategies in the context of climate and other changes; and identifies priority actions for governments and communities to improve resilience of the water sector and safeguard food production.
8 Lacombe, Guillaume; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Pierret, Alain; Sengtaheuanghoung, O.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Noble, Andrew. 2010. Climate change versus land-cover change: a comparative analysis in the Mekong Basin. In Herath, S.; Wang, Y.; Liang, L. (Eds.). Meeting climate change challenges in transboundary basins: role of sciences. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University (UNU). Institute for Sustainability and Peace (ISP). pp.29-31. (Climate and Ecosystems Change Adaptation Research (CECAR) 4)
Climate change ; Land cover ; Analysis ; River basins ; Catchment areas ; Rainfall-runoff relationships / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043309)
(4.77 MB)
9 Le Goulven, P.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Burte, J.; Gioda, A.; Calvez, R. 2009. Techniques de mobilisation des ressources en eau et pratiques d utilisation en zones arides: bilans, evolutions et perspectives. In French. [Water resources development techniques and water use practices in arid regions: balances, evolution and prospects.]. Secheresse, 20(1):17-30. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1684/sec.2009.0166]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043310)
http://www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr/e-docs/00/04/49/C7/vers_alt/VersionPDF.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043310.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043310.pdf
(1.89 MB)
As most regions, arid zones benefited from waves of hydro agricultural structures during the second half of the XXth century. They were organized to slow down, stock and render certain sporadic and violent flows accessible to works along the rivers. This succession of superposed structures is far from being optimally valued as shown in different reports on the catchments in the centre of Tunisia and the north of Mexico. In both regions, the reservoirs favour mainly evaporation flows. On the basis of such observations, governments have tried to improve the technical management of the structures favouring water transfer towards groundwater storage. They also try to mobilize unconventional water resources with some success, but only in specific situations due to high costs (desalinization), difficulty of gaining acceptance (reusable waste water) or low volume (atmospheric water). All of these initiatives have failed to stop the overexploitation of phreatic water tables. Some initiatives are now progressively starting to reduce water demand and to increase food production at the same time. This new policy is financing the development of more efficient irrigation techniques (sprinkling, dripping, swelling polymers, vertical drainpipes, etc.) to replace the mostly gravitating irrigation. However, after a few years of use the impact of these new techniques appears less impressive than initially expected either due to inadequate use or to new patterns of behaviour they created. At present the authorities are testing complementary economical tools and regulations to make the technical changes more efficient.
10 Lacombe, Guillaume; Hoanh, Chu Thai. 2010. Effectiveness of early warning systems and monitoring tools in the Mekong Basin. Paper presented at the Regional Workshop on Strategic Assessment for Climate Change Adaptation in Natural Resource Management, Asian Developing Bank Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 8-11 June 2010. 6p.
River basins ; Flooding ; Forecasting ; Models ; Natural disasters / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043382)
(0.14 MB)
11 Lacombe, Guillaume; Pierret, Alain; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Sengtaheuanghoung, O. 2010. Hydrological consequences of armed conflicts and massive migrations in the Lower Mekong Basin over the second half of the 20th Century. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the Hydrology Conference 2010, San Diego, California, USA, 11-13 October 2010. 2p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043383)
(0.17 MB)
We investigated whether the Vietnam War bombing and conflict-induced exodus could have altered the hydrological behaviour of the Mekong Basin. The rainfall-runoff relationship was analysed in 2 catchments over period 1960-2004 (figure 1). In each catchment, rainfall and runoff time series together with potential evapotranspiration were used as input to run GR2M monthly water balance model whose robustness is adapted to data-scarce conditions. The space-time distribution of densities of bombs dropped during the war was derived from UXO-NRA database which records the amount and type of ordnances and the aircraft types and numbers per US Air Force sorties from 1965 to 1973. Bomb-induce damages inflicted on vegetation was estimated using the Bomb Damage Assessment Report. We found that the delivery of about 1.5 million tons of high-explosive ordnances likely caused profound damage to one third of the southern catchment whose runoff increased by >365 mm/year during at least 4 years after bombing climaxed in 1972. The magnitude of this increase was found to be consistent with usual tropical forest transpiration rates over the bomb-cleared surface area. No hydrological change was observed during this period in the 30-fold-less bombed catchment located in the North. From 1995 onward, southern and northern catchments’ runoff productions are significantly higher and lower than in pre-war conditions, respectively. These hydrological shifts are most likely attributed to permanent changes in the vegetation cover, either denser in the northern sub-catchment (in response to the extensive abandonment of cultivated lands) or sparser in the southern catchment (as a result of bomb-degraded soil conditions). These results illustrate the high responsiveness of flow regime to forest cover changes in tropical areas where deforestation is expected to perpetuate at a high rate over the coming decades.
12 Lacombe, Guillaume; Pierret, A. 2011. Land cover change and catchment water yields: from local to regional scales. [Abstract only] Paper presented at the International Conference on Watershed Management - From Local Watershed Management to Integrated River Basin Management at National and Transboundary Levels, convened by the Mekong River Commission, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 9-11 March 2011. 3p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043679)
(0.06 MB)
Catchment water yields control the availability of the water resource and the levels of flood risk. With the demographic rise that is underway in the developing world, inter-dependencies between populations and flow variability become higher. A better management of watersheds, from local to regional levels, is therefore required.
The prerequisite for a sound catchment water management is a clear understanding of the drivers of flow variability, in relation to four main ranges of controlling factors, namely i/ the climate (rainfall-runoff relationship), ii/ water infrastructures (i.e. river flow regulated by hydropower dams), iii/ water withdrawals mainly for irrigation and iv/ land cover changes. The hydrological impacts of the first three categories of controlling factors are relatively easy to assess, as demonstrated by previous modeling efforts, noticeably in the Mekong Basin. In contrast, the way land-cover changes alter catchments’ runoff responses is less obvious and still subject to controversy.
The most reliable facts, which seem to be widely and independently acknowledged, are that deforestation, via the reduction of evapotranspiration, increases annual basin water yield, while afforestation results, over the long term, in opposite trends. These relationships were established based on analyses of hundreds of paired catchments whose surface areas rarely exceed 2 km2. The impact of land cover change on seasonal flows not only depends on evapotranspiration rates but also on soil properties such as permeability and water storage capacity, and rainfall intensities. For example, in very particular conditions, deforestation may reduce infiltration which, if not offset by a reduction in evapotranspiration, may result in reduced low flows during the dry season. For extreme flood events, the impact of reforestation may become imperceptible as over such short periods, evapotranspiration does not control the runoff response. These two examples indicate that, although deforestation and reforestation generally increases and decreases, respectively, low flows and flood peaks, the hydrological impacts of land cover changes do not follow a general rule as they depend on a complex convolution of climatic, edaphic and biological factors. However, a recent study undertaken in northern Laos in a 0.7 km2 headwater catchment under shifting cultivation corroborates most of previous results observed in other parts of the world: the development of fallow vegetation reduces groundwater recharge, leading to a drop in annual stream flow due to a decrease in wet and dry season base-flow.
Studies on the hydrological impact of land cover change over large catchments (i.e. > 1000km2) are extremely rare, in comparison with the abundance of small-scale studies. This is explained by several facts: over large areas, the heterogeneity of land covers combined with the spatial variability of climate compounds the attribution of observed hydrological changes; counteracting changes in vegetation covers may occur simultaneously and result in an apparent basin-wide stability of the runoff production. However, the sudden and irreversible bomb-induced deforestation that occurred over more than 50,000 km2 in the lower Mekong Basin during the Vietnam War has been found to have significantly increased the runoff production. This unique example of flow change induced by broad-scale deforestation in Southeast Asia demonstrates that the causal link between flow and vegetation established in small catchments can still hold over an area 4 orders of magnitude larger.
The 5 key messages:
Deforestation and reforestation increase and decrease annual water yields, respectively.
Seasonal flow response (base flow and floods) to land cover changes are less predictable and depend on climate, soil and biological conditions.
Over large scales, the detection of hydrological change is difficult, due to the heterogeneity of land cover and of their change.
Land-cover changes may have deeper hydrological impact than those expected from climate change, irrigation and hydropower development.
The inclusion of land-cover changes in the Mekong hydrological models is urgently required as land-cover change is expected to continue at a high rate over the coming decades.
The prerequisite for a sound catchment water management is a clear understanding of the drivers of flow variability, in relation to four main ranges of controlling factors, namely i/ the climate (rainfall-runoff relationship), ii/ water infrastructures (i.e. river flow regulated by hydropower dams), iii/ water withdrawals mainly for irrigation and iv/ land cover changes. The hydrological impacts of the first three categories of controlling factors are relatively easy to assess, as demonstrated by previous modeling efforts, noticeably in the Mekong Basin. In contrast, the way land-cover changes alter catchments’ runoff responses is less obvious and still subject to controversy.
The most reliable facts, which seem to be widely and independently acknowledged, are that deforestation, via the reduction of evapotranspiration, increases annual basin water yield, while afforestation results, over the long term, in opposite trends. These relationships were established based on analyses of hundreds of paired catchments whose surface areas rarely exceed 2 km2. The impact of land cover change on seasonal flows not only depends on evapotranspiration rates but also on soil properties such as permeability and water storage capacity, and rainfall intensities. For example, in very particular conditions, deforestation may reduce infiltration which, if not offset by a reduction in evapotranspiration, may result in reduced low flows during the dry season. For extreme flood events, the impact of reforestation may become imperceptible as over such short periods, evapotranspiration does not control the runoff response. These two examples indicate that, although deforestation and reforestation generally increases and decreases, respectively, low flows and flood peaks, the hydrological impacts of land cover changes do not follow a general rule as they depend on a complex convolution of climatic, edaphic and biological factors. However, a recent study undertaken in northern Laos in a 0.7 km2 headwater catchment under shifting cultivation corroborates most of previous results observed in other parts of the world: the development of fallow vegetation reduces groundwater recharge, leading to a drop in annual stream flow due to a decrease in wet and dry season base-flow.
Studies on the hydrological impact of land cover change over large catchments (i.e. > 1000km2) are extremely rare, in comparison with the abundance of small-scale studies. This is explained by several facts: over large areas, the heterogeneity of land covers combined with the spatial variability of climate compounds the attribution of observed hydrological changes; counteracting changes in vegetation covers may occur simultaneously and result in an apparent basin-wide stability of the runoff production. However, the sudden and irreversible bomb-induced deforestation that occurred over more than 50,000 km2 in the lower Mekong Basin during the Vietnam War has been found to have significantly increased the runoff production. This unique example of flow change induced by broad-scale deforestation in Southeast Asia demonstrates that the causal link between flow and vegetation established in small catchments can still hold over an area 4 orders of magnitude larger.
The 5 key messages:
Deforestation and reforestation increase and decrease annual water yields, respectively.
Seasonal flow response (base flow and floods) to land cover changes are less predictable and depend on climate, soil and biological conditions.
Over large scales, the detection of hydrological change is difficult, due to the heterogeneity of land cover and of their change.
Land-cover changes may have deeper hydrological impact than those expected from climate change, irrigation and hydropower development.
The inclusion of land-cover changes in the Mekong hydrological models is urgently required as land-cover change is expected to continue at a high rate over the coming decades.
13 Kam, S. P.; Teoh, Shwu J.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Reis, J.; McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2011. Identifying land and water resources for improving livelihoods of people living around reservoirs in the Mekong Basin. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the 3rd International Forum on Water and Food, Tshwane, South Africa, 14-17 November 2011. 2p.
Water resources ; Land resources ; Reservoirs ; River basins ; GIS ; Satellite imagery ; Research project / South East Asia / Laos / Cambodia / Mekong River Basin / Nam Gnouang Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044554)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/10549/MSSe001_Final_RD_1710.pdf?sequence=3
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044554.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044554.pdf
(0.28 MB) (288.68KB)
14 Reis, J.; Lacombe, Guillaume; Hoanh, Chu Thai; McCartney, Matthew; Douangsavanh, S.; Leticia, M.; Teoh, S. J.; Kam, S. P.; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali. 2011. Adjusting hydropower dam operation to compliment livelihood strategies in the Lower Mekong Basin. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the 3rd International Forum on Water and Food, Tshwane, South Africa, 14-17 November 2011. 2p.
Water resources ; Water power ; Dams ; River basins ; Aquaculture ; Agricultural production / South East Asia / Laos / Lower Mekong Basin / Nam Gnouang Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044564)
http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/10450/MLiSe001_Final_RD_1210.pdf?sequence=3
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044564.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044564.pdf
(0.51 MB) (518.64KB)
15 Hoanh, Chu Thai; Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali; Joffre, O.; McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume; Kam, S. P.; Baran, E.; Reis, J.; Metzger, L.; Teoh, Shwu; Yen, B. T.; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Keophoxay, Anousith; Douangsavanh, L.; Xayachack, S.; Toan, T. D.; Phuong, N. D. 2011. A decision-support-system (DSS) framework for linking livelihoods with reservoir operation: experiences from MK1 case studies in the Mekong Basin. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the 3rd International Forum on Water and Food, Tshwane, South Africa, 14-17 November 2011. 2p.
Decision support systems ; Water power ; Reservoirs ; Case studies ; River basins ; Impact assessment ; Aquaculture ; Agriculture ; Development projects / South East Asia / Latin America / Asia / Africa / Laos / Cambodia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044565)
http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/handle/10568/10453/MLiSe004_Final_RD_1710.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044565.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044565.pdf
(0.65 MB) (668.76KB)
16 McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume; Reis, J.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Douangsavanh, Somphasith. 2011. Review of water resource and reservoir planning models for use in the Mekong Basin to improve livelihoods of local people impacted by reservoir development. [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the 3rd International Forum on Water and Food, Tshwane, South Africa, 14-17 November 2011. 2p.
Water resources ; Water management ; Reservoirs ; Simulation models ; River basins ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044566)
http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/handle/10568/10547/MSSe002_Final_RD_1810.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044566.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044566.pdf
(0.42 MB) (241.40KB)
17 Bharati, Luna; Lacombe, Guillaume; Gurung, Pabitra; Jayakody, Priyantha; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2011. The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganges River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 28p. (IWMI Research Report 142) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2011.210]
Water resources ; River basins ; Climate change ; Hydrology ; Simulation models ; Precipitation ; Evapotranspiration ; Statistical methods ; Water balance ; Water yield ; Irrigation water / India / Upper Ganges River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044532)
(2.25MB)
This study assessed the variability of flows under present and 'naturalized' basin conditions in the Upper Ganges Basin (UGB). Furthermore, the PRECIS regional climate model (RCM) was used to generate climate projections for the UGB, with subsequent simulations of future river flows. Results show that the annual average precipitation, actual evapotranspiration (ET) and net water yields of the whole basin were 1,192 mm, 416 mm and 615 mm, respectively. Precipitation, ET and water yields were found to be higher in the forested and mountainous upper areas of the UGB. On an annual average, present-day flows throughout UGB are about 2-8% lower than under naturalized conditions. Dry and wet season flows under climate change (CC) scenario A2 are lower than that under present climate conditions at upstream locations, but higher at downstream locations of UGB. Flows under CC scenario B2 are systematically higher and lower than that under CC scenario A2 during dry and wet seasons, respectively.
18 Johnston, Robyn; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Lefroy, R.; Pavelic, Paul; Fry, Carolyn. 2012. Managing water in rainfed agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Final report prepared by IWMI for Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). 100p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2012.201]
Water management ; Agroecology ; Environment ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Farming systems ; Crop production ; Agricultural production ; Yields ; Poverty ; Climate change ; Drought ; Floodplains ; Rain ; Mapping ; Case studies ; Reservoirs ; Deltas ; Groundwater ; Farm ponds ; Water storage ; Rivers ; Lowland ; Highlands ; Plains ; Landscape ; Coastal area ; Urban areas ; Aquifers / Southeast Asia / Cambodia / Laos / Myanmar / Thailand / Vietnam / Greater Mekong Subregion
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044646)
(4.39 MB) (2.44MB)
19 Lacombe, Guillaume; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Thepphavong, B.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Bounvilay, B.; Noble, Andrew; Ongkeo, O.; Johnston, Robyn; Phongpachith, C. 2011. Is there enough water in the Vientiane Plain? a water balance assessment of the Lower Nam Ngum Basin. Project report prepared by IWMI for CSIRO - AusAID Research for Development Alliance under the project "Exploring Mekong Region Futures". Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 25p.
Water balance ; Assessment ; Water demand ; Water supply ; River basins ; Water power ; Dams ; Irrigated land ; Pumping ; Time series analysis / Laos / Vientiane Plain / Nam Ngum River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044647)
(1.14 MB)
In Lao PDR, one of the less developed countries, water represents a valuable natural resource via the development of hydropower dams and irrigation schemes. In the lower part of the Nam Ngum River Basin, the Vientiane plain is one of the largest food production areas of the country and the largest irrigated area in Lao PDR. While food demand is expected to continue to increase in the future, hydropower dams are under rapid development in the upper part of the basin, modifying the seasonal distribution of the river flow regimes. This study aims at assessing the current water supply and agricultural water demand in the Vientiane Plain and concluding whether the water resource is or may become a limiting factor for food production. The agricultural water demand is assessed from two types of data (characteristics of large-scale pumping stations and official statistics on irrigated areas) and using remote sensing analyses. Flow measurements of the Nam Ngum River were used to quantify the water supply. A 43-year time series (1962-2004) of daily river discharge was reconstructed from actual discontinuous data recorded in the river reach where most of the pumping stations are found. Distinctions in the water resource assessment were made between pristine conditions (before the construction of the hydropower dams) and current conditions of water infrastructure development. A comparison of the water supply and demand indicates that during the 4 driest months of the year (January to April) when the river reaches its minimum level and the irrigation water demand is the highest, pumped volumes represent less than 30% of the river discharge. This ratio should decrease as new hydropower dams are built, storing and releasing more water during the wet and the dry season, respectively. These figures indicate that the availability of water in the Nam Ngum River is not a limiting factor for irrigation, even during the dry seasons of exceptionally dry years. The water demand could exceptionally exceed the water supply in the case of an extreme scenario of irrigation development with irrigated areas 3-fold larger than the current ones. Next analyses will consist in assessing how this water balance will be altered by the development of new hydropower dams and irrigation projects. Possible uses of water surplus will be prioritized, depending on their economic viability and benefits.
20 McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume. 2011. Review of water resource and reservoir planning models for use in the Mekong. [Report of the IWMI-CPWF Mekong (MK1) Project on Optimizing Reservoir Management for Livelihoods] Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Vientiane, Laos: CGIAR Challenge Program for Water and Food (CPWF). 24p.
Water resources ; Reservoirs ; Dams ; Simulation models ; River basins ; Research projects ; Poverty ; Decision making / South East Asia / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044652)
(0.5MB)
In recent years, great emphasis has been placed on the need to improve the management of the environmental and social impacts of large dams. This is particularly important in the Mekong River Basin where the construction of a large number of new dams are planned and yet a large proportion of the population depend on fisheries and other natural resources, which may be adversely affected by their construction. The environmental and consequent social impacts of large dams are often complex and extremely difficult to predict. Dam planners and operators often have to consider a huge number of factors and often conflicting objectives, which makes decision making difficult. In such situations, computer models that can be used to simulate and optimize dam operations are a useful tool. However, to date, most models have focused on the physical aspects of systems and rarely (if ever) explicitly incorporate environmental and social issues. This report presents a brief review of different models and their application to water resource management, both in the Mekong and elsewhere and outlines a modelling strategy for the MK1 project.
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