Your search found 8 records
1 Bhattacharya, P.; Ramanathan, A. L.; Mukherjee, A. B.; Bundschuh, J.; Chandrasekharam, D.; Keshari, A. K. (Eds.) 2008. Groundwater for sustainable development: problems, perspectives and challenges. Leiden, Netherlands: Taylor & Francis. 460p.
Groundwater management ; Geology ; Hydrogeology ; Models ; Aquifers ; Recharge ; Water pollution ; Nitrates ; Pesticides ; Arsenic ; Bioremediation ; Green algae ; Fluorides ; Diseases ; Public health ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Tsunamis ; Coastal area / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Iran / Qatar / Oman / Mali / Latin America / Sri Lanka / Tehran City / Krishna delta / Orissa / Andhra Pradesh / Kurnool District / Delhi / Bhalswa landfill / Uttar Pradesh / West Bengal / Hooghly District / Kathajodi River Basin / Salalah Plain Aquifer / Timbuktu / Karbi-Anglong District / Assam / Tamil Nadu / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 553.79 G000 BHA Record No: H042595)
(3.27 MB)
2 Roth, D.; Vincent, L. (Eds.) 2013. Controlling the water: matching technology and institutions in irrigation management in India and Nepal. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. 421p.
Water management ; Water control ; Irrigation management ; Technology ; Tank irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Conjunctive use ; Institutions ; Water rights ; Water use ; Water market ; Decentralization ; Political aspects ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Property rights ; Case studies / South Asia / India / Nepal / Andhra Pradesh / Gujarat / Tamil Nadu / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ROT Record No: H046027)
(0.32 MB)
3 Bastakoti, Ram C.; Prathapar, S. A.; Okwany, Romulus O. 2016. Community pond rehabilitation to deal with climate variability: a case study in Nepal Terai. Water Resources and Rural Development, 7:20-35. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2016.01.001]
Climate change ; Monsoon climate ; Ponds ; Community involvement ; Collective action ; Multiple use ; Rehabilitation ; Surface irrigation ; Irrigation canals ; Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Water resources ; Water productivity ; Water allocation ; Agricultural production ; Crops ; Households ; Income ; Case studies / Nepal / Terai Region / Rupandehi District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047566)
(1.81 MB)
A large number of small- to medium-sized community ponds exist in most parts of the Terai region in Nepal. Such ponds could be a viable alternative for other forms of surface irrigation. But, with the lack of efficient management, many of these ponds remain underutilized. An effort was made to facilitate the rehabilitation of such a pond in a selected village of Rupandehi District in Western Terai region of Nepal. This paper aims to evaluate the changed water availability situation in post-monsoon seasons after the pond rehabilitation. The paper also evaluates the feasibility of such interventions especially focusing on the potential to provide additional water and improve agricultural productivity. Results showed small increases in quantifiable indicators such as water availability, cropping intensity, productivity and income. The new institutional setup improved water allocation, improved operation and maintenance, and increased social awareness among the people about the importance of underutilized water resources. The intervention has the potential to be replicated in similar contexts.
4 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Chakraborti, D.; Prathapar, S. 2016. Arsenic in the eastern Ganges Basin: extent and impact on food chain and human health. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.205-221. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Arsenic ; Contamination ; Groundwater ; Water pollution ; Inorganic compounds ; Toxicity ; Drinking water ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Rice ; Irrigation water ; Tube wells ; Soil pollution / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Bihar / West Bengal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047839)
5 Nepal, S.; Neupane, N.; Belbase, D.; Pandey, Vishnu Prasad; Mukherji, Aditi. 2021. Achieving water security in Nepal through unravelling the water-energy-agriculture nexus. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 37(1):67-93. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1694867]
Water security ; Energy sources ; Food security ; Nexus ; Water availability ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water governance ; Agricultural water use ; Industrial uses ; Domestic water ; Hydropower ; Water supply ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Environmental sustainability ; Irrigated land ; Urban areas ; Rural areas ; Population growth / Nepal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049496)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07900627.2019.1694867?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8wNzkwMDYyNy4yMDE5LjE2OTQ4Njc/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049496.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049496.pdf
(2.65 MB) (2.65 MB)
This article investigates water security in Nepal from the perspective of the water-energy-agriculture (food) nexus, focusing on pathways to water security that originate in actions and policies related to other sectors. It identifies promoting development of Nepal’s hydropower potential to provide energy for pumping as way to improve water security in agriculture. Renewable groundwater reserves of 1.4 billion cubic meters (BCM), from an estimated available balance of 6.9 BCM, could be pumped to irrigate 613,000 ha of rainfed agricultural land in the Terai plains, with a potential direct economic gain of USD 1.1 billion annually and associated benefits including promotion of energy-based industry, food security and local employment. Governance also plays an important role in addressing water security. We conclude that a nexus-based approach is required for effective water management and governance.
6 Sharma, Akriti; Karki, Emma; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Shrestha, Gitta; Jeuland, M.; Bharati, Luna. 2020. Whose river is it?: an assessment of livelihood and cultural water flow requirements for the Karnali Basin. Ecology and Society, 25(3):22. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11763-250322]
Environmental flows ; River basins ; Livelihoods ; Sociocultural environment ; Assessment ; Water management ; Flow discharge ; Water levels ; Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Water pollution ; Water use ; Fisheries ; Irrigation ; Household consumption ; Tourism ; Riparian zones ; Local communities ; Women ; Sustainable development ; Socioeconomic aspects / Nepal / Karnali Basin / Terai Region / Hill Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050015)
https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss3/art22/ES-2020-11763.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050015.pdf
(1.07 MB) (1.07 MB)
The term “environmental flows” refers to a combination of features, including quantity, quality, and timing of water flows required to sustainably maintain a river’s health, balancing both ecological and societal needs. Incorporating basic human livelihood and sociocultural aspects in environmental flow assessments alongside ecological concerns provides a more holistic perspective on water flow management. Here, we provide an assessment that complements an ecosystem functioning lens by focusing solely on quantifying the flows associated with livelihood activities and spiritual water requirements of local riparian communities in the Karnali basin in Western Nepal. This assessment is based on the first social survey related to environmental flows conducted in the Karnali basin. We collected data using mixed methods, including social surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, across six locations in the Karnali basin that provide us with a rich and dynamic perspective on the relationship between rivers and their surrounding communities, and the challenges faced by those communities. Among the subsistence and spiritual requirements of local communities are uses for activities that include drinking, small-scale irrigation, domestic needs, fishing, and ceremonial usage. All communities we visited most strongly associated the following activities with water flow variation: small-scale irrigation, fishing, ceremonial usage, domestic needs, and tourism. The water flows required for these key activities were quantified, and results from the six sites are presented in the form of a qualitative scale of minimum water levels (ranging across poor, acceptable, and ideal) required to meet vital local needs. The minimum acceptable water flow requirement to satisfy social criteria is just > 20% of the mean annual runoff at the visited locations. These requirements are particularly vital to consider, given ongoing efforts to tap the vast hydropower potential in Nepal through construction of major storage projects. Such projects would change the flow regime of affected rivers and potentially raise concerns that existing demands might be compromised.
7 Campolo, J.; Guerena, D.; Maharjan, S.; Lobell, D. B. 2021. Evaluation of soil-dependent crop yield outcomes in Nepal using ground and satellite-based approaches. Field Crops Research, 260:107987. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107987]
Crop yield ; Soil deficiencies ; Estimation ; Satellite imagery ; Remote sensing ; Soil maps ; Wheat ; Farmland ; Fertilizers ; Soil quality ; Soil properties ; Smallholders ; Weather data ; Models / Nepal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050190)
(5.14 MB)
Smallholder farmers face many constraints to achieving food security. Optimal soil management is often limited by a lack of accessible and accurate soil characterization, and an associated lack of soil-specific management practice recommendations. Crop yields depend on both soil quality and soil-mediated fertilizer responses. Existing research on soil-fertilizer interactions is primarily based on farm trials and/or survey data, which are resource intensive and typically restricted to local scales. High-resolution (~10-meter) remote sensing data and digital soil maps provide a low cost, scalable alternative. Here, we deploy methods based on the Sentinel satellite constellation to estimate soil and fertilizer impacts on irrigated wheat grain yields in Nepal and to inform precision soil and nutrient management recommendations. We first combine field data with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery to delineate wheat cropping areas for 2016–2019 with 92 % accuracy. We then estimate wheat yields at 10-meter resolution using Sentinel-2 and weather covariates based on yield models parameterized from two different methods: 1) APSIM crop model simulations and 2) ground cropcuts from 147 fields. Using a large dataset of soil samples collected by the Nepal Agricultural Research Council, we examine the linear and non-linear effects of soil properties on wheat yields. Finally, the soil maps were combined with a survey of field-level crop management data and our yield estimates to test the interaction of soil quality with fertilizer effectiveness. Our ground-calibrated satellite model predicted yields with good accuracy (R2 = 0.55), while the uncalibrated simulation-based approach had weaker but significant prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.24). We find statistically significant gains in yield of 0.9–2.4 % are possible by increasing soil organic matter and zinc from highly deficient values to optimal values of 2.2 % organic matter (OM) and 0.67 ppm zinc (Zn). Using digital soil maps of Nepal produced by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), we map croplands deficient in zinc (Zn < 0.66 ppm) and organic matter (OM < 2.2 %) and find that 72 % of croplands in the Nepal Terai are experiencing less than optimal levels of these nutrients. We examine the effectiveness of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers, applied in amounts ranging from 0 to 150 kg ha-1 and 0 to 15 kg ha-1 respectively, in different soil quality regimes as determined by a soil quality index informed by standard relationships between crop yields and soil properties. Yields were significantly more responsive to zinc fertilizer inputs in soils with a higher than average soil quality but responded similarly to nitrogen inputs across different soils. Effects of soil and fertilizers on the simulation-based yield estimate were generally similar but less significant than effects on ground-calibrated yields. Overall, nitrogen and zinc increased ground-calibrated yields by 0.8 and 10.4 kg ha-1 per kg of nutrient input, respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of satellite data, crop simulation, and machine learning to examine the influence of soils on yields and guide precision fertilizer use in smallholder regions.
8 Pandey, V. P.; Shrestha, Nirman; Urfels, A.; Ray, A.; Khadka, Manohara; Pavelic, Paul; McDonald, A. J.; Krupnik, T. J. 2023. Implementing conjunctive management of water resources for irrigation development: a framework applied to the Southern Plain of western Nepal. Agricultural Water Management, 283:108287. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108287]
Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Conjunctive use ; Irrigation systems ; Climate change ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water productivity ; Water policies ; Food security ; Agricultural productivity ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Planning ; Strategies ; Monitoring ; Energy sources ; Water governance ; Stakeholders ; Gender equity ; Social inclusion ; Awareness ; Capacity development ; Case studies / Nepal / Terai Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051837)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037837742300152X/pdfft?md5=6f8d1ca8970d974f2d0db5580c2c4dc1&pid=1-s2.0-S037837742300152X-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051837.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051837.pdf
(3.60 MB) (3.60 MB)
Climate variability and insufficient irrigation are primary constraints to stable and higher agricultural productivity and food security in Nepal. Agriculture is the largest global freshwater user, and integration of surface- and ground-water use is frequently presented as an strategy for increasing efficiency as well as climate change adaptation. However, conjunctive management (CM) planning often ignores demand-side requirements and a broader set of sustainable development considerations, including ecosystem health and economics of different development strategies. While there is generic understanding of conjunctive use, detailed technical knowhow to realize the CM is lacking in Nepal. This article presents a holistic framework through literature reviews, stakeholders consultations and expert interviews for assessing CM and implementation prospects from a systems-level perspective. We demonstrate the framework through a case study in Western Nepal, where climatic variability and a lack of irrigation are key impediments to increased agricultural productivity and sustainable development. Results show that knowledge of water resources availability is good and that of water demand low in the Western Terai. Additional and coordinated investments are required to improve knowledge gaps as well as access to irrigation. There is therefore a need to assess water resources availability, water access, use and productivity, to fill the knowledge gaps in order to pave pathways for CM. This paper also discusses some strategies to translate prospects of conjunctive management into implementation.
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