Your search found 10 records
1 Riddell, P. 2012. 'Land grabs' and alternative modalities for agricultural investments in emerging markets. In Allan, T.; Keulertz, M.; Sojamo, S.; Warner, J. (Eds.). Handbook of land and water grabs in Africa: foreign direct investment and food and water security. London, UK: Routledge. pp.160-177.
Land acquisitions ; Agricultural production ; Investment ; Stakeholders ; Case studies ; Labor ; Landowners / Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H045677)
2 Baumgartner, P. 2012. Change in trend and new types of large-scale investments in Ethiopia. In Allan, T.; Keulertz, M.; Sojamo, S.; Warner, J. (Eds.). Handbook of land and water grabs in Africa: foreign direct investment and food and water security. London, UK: Routledge. pp.178-192.
Agricultural production ; Agricultural land ; Government ; Foreign investment ; Investment policies ; History ; Land acquisitions ; Landowners / Africa / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H045678)
3 Dewan, C.; Mukherji, A.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte. 2015. Evolution of water management in coastal Bangladesh: from temporary earthen embankments to depoliticized community-managed polders. Water International, 40(3):401-416. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2015.1025196]
Water management ; History ; Decentralization ; Coastal area ; Natural resources management ; Landowners ; State intervention ; Governmental organizations ; Local community ; Empowerment / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046932)
This article examines the historical evolution of participatory water management in coastal Bangladesh. Three major shifts are identified: first, from indigenous local systems managed by landlords to centralized government agencies in the 1960s; second, from top-down engineering solutions to small-scale projects and people’s participation in the 1970s and 1980s; and third, towards depoliticized community-based water management since the 1990s. While donor requirements for community participation in water projects have resulted in the creation of ‘depoliticized’ water management organizations, there are now increasing demands for involvement of politically elected local government institutions in water management by local communities.
4 Musembi, C. N. 2015. Watered down: gender and the human right to water and reasonable sanitation in Mathare, Nairobi. In Hellum, A.; Kameri-Mbote, P.; van Koppen, Barbara. (Eds.) Water is life: women’s human rights in national and local water governance in southern and eastern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press. pp.147-178.
Human rights ; Sanitation ; Gender ; Water supply ; Water availability ; Water quality ; Water governance ; Tenants ; Landowners ; Land tenure / Nairobi / Mathare
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047299)
5 Sugden, Fraser. 2017. A mode of production flux: the transformation and reproduction of rural class relations in lowland Nepal and North Bihar. Dialectical Anthropology, 41(2):129-161. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-016-9436-3]
Agricultural production ; Climate change ; Cultivated land ; Lowland ; Landowners ; Agrarian structure ; Tenant farmers ; Labour ; Living standards ; Political aspects ; Capitalism ; Feudalism ; Colonialism ; Rural communities ; Households ; Social aspects ; History ; Caste systems ; Migration ; Economic situation ; Indebtedness ; Farm income ; Remuneration / Nepal / India / North Bihar / Tarai / Eastern Gangetic Plains / Madhesh / Mithilanchal / Madhubani / Dhanusha / Morang / Purnea / Sunsari
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047834)
(2.24 MB)
The Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia represents a peripheral region far from the centers of global capitalist production, and this is all the more apparent in Mithilanchal, a cultural domain spanning the Nepal/Bihar border. The agrarian structure can be considered ‘semi-feudal’ in character, dominated by landlordism and usury, and backed up by political and ideological processes. Paradoxically, Mithilanchal is also deeply integrated into the global capitalist market and represents a surplus labor pool for the urban centers of Western India as well as the Persian Gulf in a classic articulation between pre-capitalist and capitalist modes of production. A review of the changes in the agrarian structure over recent decades in the context of globalisation, out-migration and climate stress, shows that while landlordism remains entrenched, the relationship between the marginal and tenant farmer majority and the landed classes has changed, with the breakdown of ideological ties and reduced dependence on single landlords. The paper thus ends on a positive note, as the contemporary juncture represents an opportune moment for new avenues of political mobilization among the peasantry.
6 Sinthumule, N. I.; Ratshivhadelo, T.; Nelwamondo, T. 2020. Stakeholder perspectives on land-use conflicts in the South African section of the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area. Journal of Land Use Science, 15(1):11-24. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2020.1739767]
Land use ; Conflicts ; Stakeholders ; Irrigated farming ; Game farming ; Livestock ; Mining ; Landowners ; Settlement ; Case studies / South Africa / Limpopo / Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049785)
(1.57 MB)
Land-use conflict has become a topical issue due to an increase in the number of stakeholders having incompatible interests related to particular land uses. Competing land-uses include those for conservation, irrigation, game and livestock farming, settlements and mining. These groupings of land-uses have different interests and objectives. This study aims to investigate the basis for the land-use conflict, and to get insights into how various stakeholders perceive and interpret existing conflicts. Empirical results were drawn from observation, interviews and documents collected between 2011 and 2018. The interviews were held with various stakeholders involved in land-use decisions. Qualitative data were analysed through thematic content analysis, and observations assisted with the corroboration of information collected through interviews. The study recorded four central land-use conflicts: irrigation farming with conservation; game farming with conservation; settlements/livestock farming with conservation; and mining with conservation/game farming/irrigation farming. The study also explains how local stakeholders understand these conflicts.
7 Ali, S. A. M. 2020. Driving participatory reforms into the ground: the bureaucratic politics of irrigation management transfer in Pakistan. World Development, 135:105056. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105056]
Irrigation management ; Participatory approaches ; Bureaucracy ; Reforms ; Governance ; Water allocation ; Political aspects ; Policies ; Farmers ; Incentives ; Landowners / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049863)
(0.38 MB)
Participatory governance is a means of making the state more responsive and accountable to its citizens. However, attempts to involve end users in decision making are often met with considerable resistance not just from political elites, but from the bureaucracy. I investigate how and why bureaucrats resist such reforms by focusing on the implementation of the Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authorities Act (1997) in Pakistan, an Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) program that attempted to put farmers in charge of water allocation, revenue collection, and dispute resolution. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted in 2015 and 2019 with bureaucrats across the administrative hierarchy and water sector practitioners and consultants, I emphasise the role bureaucratic perceptions and incentives played in driving this program into the ground over two decades. My argument is two-pronged. First, I show that bureaucratic resistance to participatory programs needs to be studied in light of wider political events and processes, particularly patterns of political engagement and parallel attempts at devolving power. Second, I find that the precarious conditions under which irrigation bureaucrats work make them unwilling to cede what official power and influence they do have to farmers. In other words, I contend that bureaucratic resistance to farmers’ involvement in decision-making is the result of a more nuanced set of political and bureaucratic experiences than the perceived technical superiority and colonial inheritance of the irrigation bureaucracy. More broadly, my argument has implications for participatory reforms in other sectors and for decentralized government in Pakistan and in other countries in the Global South.
8 Bark, R. H. 2021. Designing a flood storage option on agricultural land: what can flood risk managers learn from drought management? Water, 13(18):2604. (Special issue: Research of River Flooding) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13182604]
Flooding ; Risk management ; Drought ; Agricultural land ; Floodplains ; Climate change ; Ecosystem services ; Transfer of waters ; Infrastructure ; Landowners ; Agreements ; Policies ; Farmers ; Households ; Participation / USA / Australia / California / Colorado River / Murray-Darling Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050644)
(0.31 MB) (320 KB)
The increasing probability of loss and damage to floods is a global concern. Countries are united by an urgent need to reduce flood risk to households, businesses, agricultural land, and infrastructure. As natural and engineered protection erodes with climate change and development pressures, new approaches to flood risk management delivered at the catchment scale that work with nature hold promise. One nature-based solution that aligns with this Special Issue on river flooding is the temporary storage of floodwaters on the floodplain. In many countries, this would involve controlled flooding inland low-lying agricultural land. Designing schemes that farmers and irrigation districts will adopt is essential. To inform future floodplain storage options, we review farm-centred drought management, specifically, agreements that transfer agricultural water to municipalities through fallowing in California, USA and an Australian farm exit scheme. These initiatives reveal underpinning principles around the need to: balance the multiple objectives of the parties, share the benefits and responsibilities, address local impacts and practical guidance on incentive design including the consideration of conditional participation requirements and responding to farmer and public preferences. In terms of funding there is opportunity for blended financing with flood-prone communities, insurers, and conservation charities.
9 Sugden, Fraser; Dhakal, S.; Rai, J. 2022. Agrifood systems policy research: historical evolution of agrifood systems in Nepal. New Delhi, India: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA). 47p.
Agrifood systems ; Policies ; History ; Agrarian structure ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Cropping systems ; Cropping patterns ; Land reform ; Landowners ; Migration ; Labour ; Indigenous peoples ; Resettlement ; Taxes / South Asia / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051631)
(1.94 MB)
This report explores the agrarian history of Nepal over the last 500 years, and the historical, social, and political trajectories that still shape modern agrifood systems in Nepal. The report is organised according to the main epochs in Nepal’s political-economic history. The study explores the complex layers of factors which vary across space according to contemporary and historic state formations, the local agroecology and indigenous and imported cultural-economic institutions and technologies that shape regional diversity in modes of production and food production systems across Nepal. The study is based on readily available documents including secondary literature and archival data as data sources.
10 Bawa, R.; Dwivedi, P.; Hoghooghi, N.; Kalin, L.; Huang, Y.-K. 2023. Designing watersheds for integrated development (DWID): combining hydrological and economic modeling for optimizing land use change to meet water quality regulations. Water Resources and Economics, 41:100209. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2022.100209]
Watershed management ; Integrated development ; Land use change ; Land cover ; Landowners ; Water quality ; Regulations ; Forestry ; Agriculture ; Landowners ; Uncertainty / Georgia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051621)
(6.92 MB)
By combining information on nutrient output from the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and secondary data on local profits from different crop types, we devise a profit maximization problem subject to dynamic water quality constraints, which become gradually more restrictive over time. The solution aims to detect the optimal allocation of land parcels by crop type that maximizes the total net present value of landowner profits throughout the watershed. Over a nine-year time span, our model construct is applied to the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) in South Georgia. Water quality constraints involve the landowner adhering to specific permittable limits on numeric nutrient criteria recorded at the watershed outlet under various scenarios, including i) NO3–N constraints, ii) total phosphorus (P) constraints, and iii) concurrent NO3–N and P constraints. In the most extreme case, a reduction in aggregate profits of $24.1 million and $8.1 million was observed for combined NO3– N and P constraints relative to commensurate solo constraints on NO3–N and P, respectively. The Designing Watersheds for Integrated Development (DWID) model could support policymaking for ascertaining trade-offs between economics and water quality channelized through direct and indirect land use change considering environmental regulations in Georgia and beyond.
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