Your search found 31 records
1 Agarwal, R. 2007. Women farmers in China’s commercial agrarian economy. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(42): 4261-4267.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 7993 Record No: H040895)
2 Kundsen, L. G.; Phuc, P. D.; Hiep, N. T.; Samuelsen, H.; Jensen, P. K.; Dalsgaard, A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Konradsen, F. 2008. The fear of awful smell: risk perceptions among farmers in Vietnam using wastewater and human excreta in agriculture. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 39(2):341-352.
Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Excreta ; Fertilizers ; Hygiene ; Women farmers ; Fisheries / Vietnam / Hanoi / Nghe An Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041254)
Vietnamese farmers’ health-risk awareness, knowledge, and practices related to their use of wastewater and human excreta was investigated in an anthropological study by a multidisciplinary team in peri-urban Hanoi and Nghe An Province. Farmers identified health risks associated with their use of excreta and wastewater, but they viewed these as unavoidable risks related to production. They perceived the health risks as different for the use of wastewater and human feces. They perceived health risks from wastewater as non-serious because it remained on the skin and only caused skin problems, but they considered health risks from non-composted smelly feces serious because it entered the body through ‘polluted’ air. Most farmers were more aware of threats to health from ‘dirt’ entering the domestic environment than of the health risks during their work. The concept of ‘dirt’ should be separated from understanding of germs, viruses, and parasites so that it is understood that things that carrying health risks cannot always be identified by their ‘dirtiness’ or smell. Farmers mainly considered hygiene and health as women’s issues. Men’s responsibility for the health and hygiene of the family should therefore be emphasized.
3 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 2007. Gender and water: securing water for improved rural livelihoods: the multiple-uses system approach. Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 28p.
Women farmers ; Water users ; Decision making ; Water resource management ; Water user associations ; Empowerment ; Gender ; Irrigated farming / Peru / Africa South of Sahara / Gambia / Ghana / Tanzania / Bangladesh / Nepal / Cameroon
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 305.4 G000 GEN Record No: H041307)
http://www.ifad.org/gender/thematic/water/gender_water.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041307.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041307.pdf
(2.88MB)
4 Varghese, S. 2011. Women at the center of climate-friendly approaches to agriculture and water use. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) 20p.
Climate change ; Gender ; Community organizations ; Women farmers ; Empowerment ; Agricultural practices ; Food security ; Millets ; Rice ; Grain crops ; Farming systems ; Agricultural practices ; Water use ; Arid zones ; Rural areas ; Villages ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu
Call no: P 8052 Record No: H044188)
(0.87 MB) (892.58 KB)
This paper examines proven agricultural practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen resilience to climate change through a case study of the Tamilnadu Women’s Collective in India. The collective, a federation of village-level women’s groups with over 150,000 members—the majority of which belong to the lowest caste—follow three principles for food security: 1.) empowerment of women; 2.) democratic local governance; and 3.) multifunctional agriculture.
5 Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B. (Eds.) 2014. Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: characteristics, benefits and risk mitigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 247p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.219]
Irrigated farming ; Urban agriculture ; Suburban agriculture ; Vegetable growing ; Risk management ; Wastewater irrigation ; Cropping systems ; Food security ; Food supply ; Sanitation ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water policy ; Economic aspects ; Financing ; Households ; Income ; Marketing ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Land tenure ; Soil fertility ; Biological contamination ; Pesticide residues ; Helminths ; Heavy metals ; Faecal coliforms ; Environmental health ; Sustainability ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Malaria ; Stakeholders / Ghana / West Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046597)
(3.76 MB)
6 Sugden, Fraser; Shrestha, L.; Bharati, Luna; Gurung, P.; Maharjan, L.; Janmaat, J.; Price, J. I.; Sherpa, Tashi Yang Chung; Bhattarai, Utsav; Koirala, S.; Timilsina, B. 2014. Climate change, out-migration and agrarian stress: the potential for upscaling small-scale water storage in Nepal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 38p. (IWMI Research Report 159) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.210]
Climate change ; Water storage ; Ponds ; Tanks ; Migration ; Water availability ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Agrarian structure ; Hydrology ; Models ; Economic aspects ; Political aspects ; Social aspects ; Land management ; Property rights ; Case studies / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046684)
(2.09 MB)
Climate change could have a critical impact on agriculture in Nepal due to dry-season water shortages, and changes in the variability of water availability and associated uncertainty. This makes water storage systems (most notably ponds and tanks) increasingly important. This report explores the potential role of small-scale water storage infrastructure in two subbasins within the larger Koshi River Basin in central and eastern Nepal, yet shows that upscaling such infrastructure requires an appreciation of the other drivers of change in agriculture aside from climate (e.g., rising cost of living and poor terms of trade for agriculture). It also identifies the social relations and dynamics (distribution of land, water and labor) which could mediate the success of future interventions. It is clear from the research that, while small-scale water storage has the potential to significantly strengthen livelihoods in the Nepali hills, it is necessary to tailor projects to the existing political-economic context.
7 Stulina, G. V. 2015. Role of women in the irrigated agriculture sector in the Fergana Valley: findings of field surveys. Irrigation and Drainage, 64(4):491-500. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.1919]
Irrigated farming ; Gender ; Role of women ; Agricultural sector ; Women farmers ; Water management ; Water user associations ; Rural population ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Surveys ; Training / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Fergana Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047436)
(4.00 MB)
Since 2008 the Scientific-Information Centre of the Interstate Coordination Water Commission of Central Asia (SIC ICWC) has been actively attempting to draw greater attention to the role of women in water management and irrigated farming, taking into consideration the specificity of current demographic and ecological conditions in the rural areas. In the past and at present, women’s labour is widely used in the irrigated agriculture sector, especially for cultivating crops on household plots where they perform heavy manual work, particularly during harvesting. At the same time the current stratification of the rural population and the significant migration of men outside Central Asian countries as temporary wage workers have additionally increased the burden on women’s shoulders of having full responsibility for maintaining their families and for childcare. In the process of its researches related to gender mainstreaming, the SIC ICWC uses direct working with women associated with enhancing their awareness and aimed at their involvement in the Women’s Movement Network and special training for women engaged in the water management sector or irrigated farming. This paper presents the findings of such researches conducted in the Fergana Valley in the framework of different pilot projects.
8 de la O Campos, A. P.; Covarrubias, K. A.; Patron, A. P. 2016. How does the choice of the gender indicator affect the analysis of gender differences in agricultural productivity? evidence from Uganda. World Development, 77:17-33. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.08.008]
Gender analysis ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Women's participation ; Women farmers ; Equity ; Degradation ; Farmland ; Households ; Models ; Regression analysis ; Sensitivity analysis ; Socioeconomic environment ; Labor ; Decision making ; Indicators / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047715)
(0.53 MB)
We use OLS and decomposition techniques to investigate gender differences in agricultural productivity in Uganda. Using nationally representative surveys from years 2009–2012, the analysis applies different gender dummies – female head of household, female plot holder, and female plot manager- to investigate how the variable of choice affects the calculation of the gender gap. Our analysis obtains different results depending on the gender variable of choice. The study finds that regardless of the variable of choice, the gender gap in agricultural productivity decreases or disappears when factors of production and crop choice are controlled for. The conditional gender gap is about 10% and significant when using female plot manager as the gender variable, while we find no conditional gender gap when using the other gender variables. The use of time fixed-effects and decomposition contributes evidence that the typically available gender variables are insufficient for identifying how gender and decision-making of different household members play a role in productivity. This finding is problematic for targeting effective interventions to increase agricultural productivity and reduce gender inequalities in agriculture. Finally, we find that the older status of female heads, holders and manager of plots, child dependency ratio, and limited access to adult male labor are factors decreasing productivity in female plots in Uganda.
9 Sugden, Fraser; Saikia, Panchali; Maskey-Amatya, Niki; Pokharel, Paras. 2016. Gender, agricultural investment and productivity in an era of out-migration. In Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.273-293. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
Agricultural production ; Gender ; Labour allocation ; Migrant labour ; Male labour ; Women farmers ; Empowerment ; Agricultural practices ; Investment ; Productivity ; Irrigation ; Land ownership ; Tenant farmers ; Villages ; Demography ; Socioeconomic environment ; Remuneration ; Households ; Living standards ; Case studies / Nepal / India / Bangladesh / Ganges Basin / Dhanusha / Saptari / Madhubani
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047819)
10 Bharati, Luna; Sharma, Bharat R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. (Eds.) 2016. The Ganges River Basin: status and challenges in water, environment and livelihoods. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 327p. (Earthscan Series on Major River Basins of the World)
River basin management ; Water resources ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater table ; Aquifers ; Surface water ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural production ; Water use ; Agricultural practices ; Intensification ; Investment ; Water policy ; Climate change ; Flooding ; Drought ; Forecasting ; Water productivity ; Energy resources ; Water power ; Water accounting ; Irrigated land ; Water demand ; Environmental flows ; Ecosystem services ; Freshwater ; Species ; Biodiversity conservation ; Hydrometeorology ; Models ; Hydrogeology ; Groundwater pollution ; Arsenic ; Contamination ; Water quality ; Food chains ; Public health ; Waste water treatment plants ; Institutional development ; Water governance ; Socioeconomic environment ; Living standards ; Rural poverty ; Equity ; Land ownership ; Gender ; Migrant labour ; Women farmers ; Remuneration ; Villages ; Highlands ; Deltas ; Riparian zones / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges River Basin / Himalayan Region / Gangetic Plains / Bihar / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047808)
(0.41 MB)
11 Ali, D.; Bowen, D.; Deininger, K.; Duponchel, M. 2016. Investigating the gender gap in agricultural productivity: evidence from Uganda. World Development, 87:152-170. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.006]
Gender analysis ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Women farmers ; Men ; Farm managers ; Labour ; Cropping patterns ; Field size ; Crop yield ; Economic value ; Statistical methods ; Models ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment / Africa South of Sahara / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047853)
(0.33 MB)
Women comprise 50% of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, but manage plots that are reportedly on average 20–30% less productive. As a source of income inequality and aggregate productivity loss, the country-specific magnitude and drivers of this gender gap are of great interest. Using national data from the Uganda National Panel Survey for 2009–10 and 2010–11 that include a full agricultural module and plot-level gender indicator, the gap before controlling for endowments was estimated to be 17.5%. Panel data methods were combined with an Oaxaca decomposition to investigate the gender differences in resource endowment and return to endowment driving this gap. Although men have greater access to inputs, input use is so low and inverse returns to plot size so strong in Uganda that smaller female-managed plots have a net endowment advantage of 12.9%, revealing a larger unexplained difference in return to endowments of 30.4%. One-half of this is attributed to differential returns to the child dependency ratio, implying that greater child care responsibility is the largest driver of the gap. Smaller drivers include differential uptake of cash crops, differential uptake and return to improved seeds and pesticides, and differential returns to male-owned assets.
12 Achandi, E. L.; Mujawamariya, G.; Agboh-Noameshie, A. R.; Gebremariam, S.; Rahalivavololona, N.; Rodenburg, J. 2018. Women's access to agricultural technologies in rice production and processing hubs: a comparative analysis of Ethiopia, Madagascar and Tanzania. Journal of Rural Studies, 60:188-198. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.03.011]
Agricultural development ; Technology transfer ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Women farmers ; Empowerment ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Labour ; Corporate culture ; Constraints ; Evaluation ; Villages ; Sociocultural environment / Ethiopia / Madagascar / Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048757)
(0.29 MB)
This study presents results from a farmer survey conducted with 560 rice farmers from 27 villages spread over five hubs (concentration areas of rice production and processing) in three different countries in Eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Tanzania and Madagascar). The main research objective was to assess women's access to rice technologies and constraints to adoption of technologies. Constraints were analyzed over five different categories: (1) institutional (2) access to agricultural inputs, (3) technology-contextual, (4) household and socio-cultural and (5) extension. Key providers of extension were public (government), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and international organizations. Our study identifies that the overarching constraints to technology adoption are institutional and cultural impediments and related to the mode of delivery of extension services. Furthermore, the Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the women, revealed that empowerment of women in decision making at the household level can enhance women’s access and engagement in better farming practices suggested under extension advisory services. This is specifically true where women are able to overcome the hurdles of acquisition of extension training and access to the improved technologies.
13 Clement, Floriane; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Leder, Stephanie; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Saikia, Panchali; Bastakoti, Ram; Karki, Emma; van Koppen, Barbara. 2019. From women's empowerment to food security: revisiting global discourses through a cross-country analysis. Global Food Security, 23:160-172. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.05.003]
Food security ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Empowerment ; Food supply ; Food access ; Food shortages ; Malnutrition ; Indicators ; Household consumption ; Socioeconomic environment ; Social structure ; Decision making ; Strategies / Bangladesh / Nepal / Tajikistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049254)
(0.48 MB)
Global discourses have advocated women's empowerment as a means to enhance food security. Our objective was to critically review the causal linkages between women's empowerment and food availability and access. We relied on mixed methods and a cross-country analysis, using household survey data from Bangladesh, Nepal and Tajikistan and qualitative data from Nepal. The quantitative analysis highlights the diversity of patterns linking empowerment and food security indicators and the roles socio-economic determinants play in shaping these patterns across countries. The qualitative analysis further stresses the need for a truly intersectional approach in food security programmes that supports challenging the structural barriers that keep marginalised men and women food insecure. Lastly, our findings call for informing standardised measures of empowerment with an assessment of local meanings and values.
14 Williams, F. E.; Taron, Avinandan. 2020. Demand-led extension: a gender analysis of attendance and key crops. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 26(4):383-400. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1726778]
Agricultural extension systems ; Gender analysis ; Extension approaches ; Women's participation ; Farmer participation ; Women farmers ; Male involvement ; Cropping patterns / South Asia / South East Asia / Africa South of Sahara / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Sri Lanka / Myanmar / Vietnam / Cambodia / Thailand / Kenya / Ghana / Malawi / Rwanda / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049538)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1726778?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8xMzg5MjI0WC4yMDIwLjE3MjY3Nzg/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049538.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049538.pdf
(2.67 MB) (2.67 MB)
Purpose: The need to increase women’s access to extension has been extensively discussed. This paper assesses women’s access to extension services through the Plantwise extension approach as a baseline for future comparison of women’s access through other extension approaches. It also assesses whether crops that men and women farmers seek plant health advice on are similar or not, and attempts to disperse assumptions that continue to be made about what crops women and men grow.
Approach: We analysed data from the Plantwise Online Management System for 13 countries using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: We show that the Plantwise extension approach enables higher levels of women’s access than generally reported for agricultural extension, that the crops that women and men seek extension advice on is not gender dependent, and there are few clear distinctions between their crops of interest.
Practical implications: There is limited literature studying gender inclusiveness in different extension approaches. The findings add to the documentation of assessing women’s access to demand-driven extension.
Theoretical implications: Plantwise is a new extension approach which needs to be assessed from spatial and temporal perspectives to understand whether demand-driven extension enables increased women’s access over time.
Originality/value: Extension service provision is often based on assumptions about what crops are being grown. Small studies have challenged these assumptions, but this large dataset enables us to test these assumptions more thoroughly across 13 countries adding to the weight of evidence against the existence of women’s and men’s crops.
Approach: We analysed data from the Plantwise Online Management System for 13 countries using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: We show that the Plantwise extension approach enables higher levels of women’s access than generally reported for agricultural extension, that the crops that women and men seek extension advice on is not gender dependent, and there are few clear distinctions between their crops of interest.
Practical implications: There is limited literature studying gender inclusiveness in different extension approaches. The findings add to the documentation of assessing women’s access to demand-driven extension.
Theoretical implications: Plantwise is a new extension approach which needs to be assessed from spatial and temporal perspectives to understand whether demand-driven extension enables increased women’s access over time.
Originality/value: Extension service provision is often based on assumptions about what crops are being grown. Small studies have challenged these assumptions, but this large dataset enables us to test these assumptions more thoroughly across 13 countries adding to the weight of evidence against the existence of women’s and men’s crops.
15 Goli, I.; Najafabadi, M. O.; Lashgarara, F. 2020. Where are we standing and where should we be going?: gender and climate change adaptation behavior. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 33(2):187-218. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-020-09822-3]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender analysis ; Behavior ; Women's participation ; Women farmers ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Male involvement ; Social aspects ; Ethics ; Decision making ; Environmental effects ; Policies ; Models / Iran Islamic Republic / Mazandaran
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049580)
(1.36 MB)
Climate change poses as one of the greatest ethical challenges of the contemporary era and which is rapidly affecting all sectors and ecosystems, including natural ecosystems and human and social environments. The impacts on human societies, and societies’ ability to mitigate and adapt to these changes and to adhere to ethical principles are influenced by various factors, including gender. Therefore, this study aimed to design a model of climate change adaptation behavior among rice farmers in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, based on gender analysis (IUCN, UNDP and GGCA in Training manual on gender and climate change, 2009) and using the developed model of protection motivation theory (Bockarjova and Steg in Glob Environ Change 28:276–288, 2014). For this purpose, 173 female and 233 male rice farmers in Mazandaran Province were selected through stratified random sampling. The results showed that threat and coping appraisal had positive and significant effects on climate change adaptation behavior in both groups. Additionally, men’s and women’s perceived severity had the greatest impact on threat appraisal, and response costs had the greatest impact on their coping appraisal of climate change. Given that climate change adaptation behavior has been largely dependent on the development of ethical principles and the behavior of men and women toward climate change and based on the research findings, some suggestions are recommended at the mega (international), macro (governmental and legislative), meso (related organizations) and micro (rice farmers) levels for male and female rice farmers to adapt to the climate change phenomenon.
16 Leder, S.; Shrestha, Gitta; Das, D. 2019. Transformative engagements with gender relations in agriculture and water governance. New Angle: Nepal Journal of Social Science and Public Policy, 5(1):128-158. (Special issue: Water Security and Inclusive Water Governance in the Himalayas)
Gender relations ; Agriculture ; Water governance ; Participatory approaches ; Participatory research ; Gender training ; Community involvement ; Women farmers ; Labour ; Water resources ; Water management ; Villages ; Social aspects / Nepal / India / Eastern Tarai / Bihar / West Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049737)
http://www.nepalpolicynet.com/new/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/7_Leder-et-al-2019.pdf#page=4
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049737.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049737.pdf
(4.15 MB) (4.15 MB)
Despite frequent calls for transformative approaches for engaging in agrarian change and water governance, we observe little change in everyday development and research praxis. Empirical studies on transformative engagements with gender relations among smallscale or tenant farmers and water user groups are particularly rare. We explore transformative engagements through an approach based on critical pedagogy (Freire, 1996) and transformative practice (Leder, 2018). We examine opportunities to promote empathy and critical consciousness on gender norms, roles and relations in agriculture and resource management. We developed and piloted an innovative “Participatory Gender Training for Community Groups” as part of two internationally funded water security projects. The training consists of three activities and three discussions to reflect on gender roles in families, communities and agriculture, to discuss the gendered division of labour and changing gender relations over time and space, and to create empathy and resolve conflicts through a bargaining role play with switched genders. The approach was implemented in twelve villages across four districts in Nepal and India (Bihar, West Bengal). Our results show how the training methods can provide an open space to discuss local gender roles within households, agriculture and natural resource management. Discussing own gender norms promotes critical consciousness that gender norms are socially constructed and change with age, class, caste and material and structural constraints such as limited access to water and land. The activities stimulated enthusiasm and inspiration to reflect on possible change towards more equal labor division and empathy towards those with weaker bargaining power. Facilitators have the most important role in transformative engagements and need to be trained to reinterpret training principles in local contexts, and to apply facilitation skills to focus on transforming rather than reproducing gender norms. We argue that the gender training methods can initiate transformative practice with the gender-water-agriculture nexus by raising critical consciousness of farmers, community mobilisers, and project staff on possibilities of social change “in situ”.
17 Khoza, S.; de Beer, L. T.; van Niekerk, D.; Nemakonde, L. 2020. A gender-differentiated analysis of climate-smart agriculture adoption by smallholder farmers: application of the extended technology acceptance model. Gender, Technology and Development, 22p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2020.1830338]
Gender analysis ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Technology transfer ; Smallholders ; Farmers' attitudes ; Women farmers ; Decision making ; Social aspects ; Psychological factors ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Disaster risk reduction ; Livelihoods ; Communities ; Models / Malawi / Zambia / Chikwawa / Gwembe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050141)
(2.13 MB)
The low adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies by farmers in developing regions where agrarian livelihoods are threatened by climate-related disasters remains a concerning enigma. Adoption patterns are not commensurate with merits of CSA on food security and climate resilience and attention to gender in relation to behavioral and attitudinal patterns in CSA adoption remains scarce. An exploratory-sequential mixed methods study was conducted, using a socio-psychological theoretical lens to test the applicability of the extended technology acceptance model in predicting CSA adoption among at-risk smallholder farming communities in Malawi and Zambia. Spearman’s rho correlation results show that relationship strengths between socio-psychological factors—perceptions on ease of use, usefulness and climate risk—differed between men and women householdheads. Results also show that social processes are central in influencing women’s decision-making on adoption. For practitioners and policy-makers, these findings reflect a critical need for gender-specific behavioral change communication strategies and inclusive participatory engagement. This will promote dialogue with diverse groups of smallholder-farmers aimed at changing negative, and leveraging on positive, behavior and attitudes toward new CSA technologies. CSA technology development for smallholder-farmers needs to appreciate the role of socio-psychological factors in adoption decisions. Further scientific research is required to establish causality between related socio-psychological factors.
18 Alvi, M.; Barooah, P.; Gupta, S.; Saini, S. 2021. Women's access to agriculture extension amidst COVID-19: insights from Gujarat, India and Dang, Nepal. Agricultural Systems, 188:103035. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103035]
Agricultural extension systems ; Gender ; Women farmers ; Access to information ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Resilience ; Agricultural productivity ; Social networks ; Households ; Ethnic groups ; Communities ; State intervention / South Asia / India / Nepal / Gujarat / Dang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050162)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X20308969/pdfft?md5=770c598c6cc5e8954a4b9426e0f58cc0&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X20308969-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050162.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050162.pdf
(1.20 MB) (1.20 MB)
COVID-19 induced lockdowns have had far reaching impacts on the rural sector, particularly on women farmers. These impacts have been exacerbated by lack of access to reliable and timely agriculture information. Using panel phone survey data from India and Nepal, we study how women's access to agricultural extension was impacted by the lockdowns and its effect on agricultural productivity. We find that women's already low access to formal extension was reduced further, leading to an increased reliance on informal social networks. In both countries, nearly 50% farmers reported negative impacts on productivity due to inaccessibility of information during the lockdown. In India, we find that access to formal extension is mediated by crop type, geographic location and caste identity. We discuss ways in which extension systems in India and Nepal can be made more inclusive and resilient to future crisis, including by adapting group and community-based approaches to post-pandemic best practices.
19 Prugl, E.; Joshi, S. 2021. Productive farmers and vulnerable food securers: contradictions of gender expertise in international food security discourse. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 21p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1964475]
Gender mainstreaming ; Women farmers ; Gender equality ; Food security ; Vulnerability ; International organizations ; Governance ; Policies ; Agricultural development ; Rural women ; Households ; Political aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050630)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03066150.2021.1964475?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050630.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050630.pdf
(1.90 MB) (1.90 MB)
With gender equality becoming a key feature of the global food security agenda, international organizations have produced a rich body of knowledge on gender. This paper argues that such gender expertise generates political effects through identity constructions, problem definitions and rationalities. We critically analyse 59 documents relating to gender and food security in the South written in international organizations between 2000 and 2018. Our analysis reveals two gendered constructions articulated in these documents – the productive female farmer and the caring woman food securer. We demonstrate that problem definitions, solutions, and rationalities associated with these identity constructions are contradictory. Their juxtaposition reveals that gender expertise in international food security discourse is not only governed by neoliberal orthodoxy but also surfaces ambivalences and alternatives.
20 Leder, S.; Shrestha, Gitta; Upadhyaya, R.; Adhikari, Y. 2022. COVID-19, gender, and small-scale farming in Nepal. In Castellanos, P.; Sachs, C. E.; Tickamyer, A. R. (Eds.). Gender, food and COVID-19: global stories of harm and hope. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge. pp.3-12. (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability) [doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003198277-2]
COVID-19 ; Gender ; Small-scale farming ; Women farmers ; Smallholders ; Women's organizations ; Social inclusion ; Awareness-raising ; Food security ; State intervention ; Relief / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050956)
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003198277-2/covid-19-gender-small-scale-farming-nepal-stephanie-leder-gitta-shrestha-rachana-upadhyaya-yuvika-adhikari
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050956.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050956.pdf
(10.90 MB) (10.9 MB)
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