Your search found 17 records
1 Quisumbing, A. R.; Meinzen-Dick, R.; Raney, T. L.; Croppenstedt, A.; Behrman, J. A.; Peterman, A. (Eds.) 2014. Gender in agriculture: closing the knowledge gap. Rome, Italy: FAO; Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. 444p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8616-4]
Agricultural development ; Agricultural production ; Agricultural research ; Gender analysis ; Women's participation ; Rural women ; Equity ; Assets ; Livestock ; Marketing ; Labour productivity ; Land access ; Rural development ; Financing ; Households ; Nutrition ; Public health ; Living standards ; Social aspects ; Developing countries ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.92 G000 QUI Record No: H046792)
(0.34 MB)
2 de la O Campos, A. P.; Covarrubias, K. A.; Patron, A. P. 2016. How does the choice of the gender indicator affect the analysis of gender differences in agricultural productivity? evidence from Uganda. World Development, 77:17-33. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.08.008]
Gender analysis ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Women's participation ; Women farmers ; Equity ; Degradation ; Farmland ; Households ; Models ; Regression analysis ; Sensitivity analysis ; Socioeconomic environment ; Labor ; Decision making ; Indicators / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047715)
(0.53 MB)
We use OLS and decomposition techniques to investigate gender differences in agricultural productivity in Uganda. Using nationally representative surveys from years 2009–2012, the analysis applies different gender dummies – female head of household, female plot holder, and female plot manager- to investigate how the variable of choice affects the calculation of the gender gap. Our analysis obtains different results depending on the gender variable of choice. The study finds that regardless of the variable of choice, the gender gap in agricultural productivity decreases or disappears when factors of production and crop choice are controlled for. The conditional gender gap is about 10% and significant when using female plot manager as the gender variable, while we find no conditional gender gap when using the other gender variables. The use of time fixed-effects and decomposition contributes evidence that the typically available gender variables are insufficient for identifying how gender and decision-making of different household members play a role in productivity. This finding is problematic for targeting effective interventions to increase agricultural productivity and reduce gender inequalities in agriculture. Finally, we find that the older status of female heads, holders and manager of plots, child dependency ratio, and limited access to adult male labor are factors decreasing productivity in female plots in Uganda.
3 Ali, D.; Bowen, D.; Deininger, K.; Duponchel, M. 2016. Investigating the gender gap in agricultural productivity: evidence from Uganda. World Development, 87:152-170. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.006]
Gender analysis ; Agricultural production ; Productivity ; Women farmers ; Men ; Farm managers ; Labour ; Cropping patterns ; Field size ; Crop yield ; Economic value ; Statistical methods ; Models ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment / Africa South of Sahara / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047853)
(0.33 MB)
Women comprise 50% of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, but manage plots that are reportedly on average 20–30% less productive. As a source of income inequality and aggregate productivity loss, the country-specific magnitude and drivers of this gender gap are of great interest. Using national data from the Uganda National Panel Survey for 2009–10 and 2010–11 that include a full agricultural module and plot-level gender indicator, the gap before controlling for endowments was estimated to be 17.5%. Panel data methods were combined with an Oaxaca decomposition to investigate the gender differences in resource endowment and return to endowment driving this gap. Although men have greater access to inputs, input use is so low and inverse returns to plot size so strong in Uganda that smaller female-managed plots have a net endowment advantage of 12.9%, revealing a larger unexplained difference in return to endowments of 30.4%. One-half of this is attributed to differential returns to the child dependency ratio, implying that greater child care responsibility is the largest driver of the gap. Smaller drivers include differential uptake of cash crops, differential uptake and return to improved seeds and pesticides, and differential returns to male-owned assets.
4 Ngigi, M. W.; Mueller, U.; Birner, R. 2017. Gender differences in climate change adaptation strategies and participation in group-based approaches: an intra-household analysis from rural Kenya. Ecological Economics, 138:99-108. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.019]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender analysis ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Participatory approaches ; Group approaches ; Strategies ; Rural areas ; Households ; Crop management ; Livestock ; Access to information ; Attitudes ; Econometrics ; Models / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048432)
(0.44 MB)
Existing studies on adaptation to climate change mainly focus on a comparison of male-headed and female-headed households. Aiming at a more nuanced gender analysis, this study examines how husbands and wives within the same household perceive climate risks and use group-based approaches as coping strategies. The data stem from a unique intra-household survey involving 156 couples in rural Kenya. The findings indicate that options for adapting to climate change closely interplay with husbands' and wives' roles and responsibilities, social norms, risk perceptions and access to resources. A higher percentage of wives were found to adopt crop-related strategies, whereas husbands employ livestock- and agroforestry-related strategies. Besides, there are gender-specific climate information needs, trust in information and preferred channels of information dissemination. Further, it turned out that group-based approaches benefit husbands and wives differently. Policy interventions that rely on group-based approaches should reflect the gender reality on the ground in order to amplify men's and women's specific abilities to manage risks and improve well-being outcomes in the face of accelerating climate change.
5 Mekonnen, D. A.; Gerber, N.; Matz, J. A. 2018. Gendered social networks, agricultural innovations, and farm productivity in Ethiopia. World Development, 105:321-335. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.020]
Gender analysis ; Social participation ; Networks ; Agricultural development ; Agricultural productivity ; Technology ; Innovation adoption ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models / Africa / Ethiopia / Bakko-Sibu Siree / Lume-Adaa / Hettosa-Tiyyo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048764)
(0.38 MB)
This paper examines the existence of social learning in agriculture in Ethiopia. To be specific, we use a "random matching within sample" technique to collect data on social networks and to elicit details of the relationships and information exchange between network members. We find that shared kinship or membership in certain groups, informal forms of mutual insurance, and having frequent meetings with network members are all associated with a higher probability of forming an information link with a network member. Furthermore, we find evidence for a statistically significant and positive relationship between networks and the adoption of row-planting as well as yields for both male and female networks. However, the evidence for an inverse U-shaped relationship of social learning, that is, between the number of adopters in the network and the adoption of row-planting, is strongest for female networks. Our results, thus, suggest that extension services and other programs that promote agricultural innovations and seek yield improvement can benefit from social networks but that their success depends on identifying the "right" networks, such as those of female household members in the case of row-planting.
6 Lebel, L.; Lebel, P.; Manorom, K.; Yishu, Z. 2019. Gender in development discourses of civil society organisations and Mekong hydropower dams. Water Alternatives, 12(1):192-220. (Special issue: Farmer-led Irrigation Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Investment, Policy Engagements and Agrarian Transformation).
Civil society organizations ; Gender analysis ; Women in development ; Men ; Empowerment ; Hydropower ; Dams ; Living standards ; Rights based approaches ; Human rights ; Environmental effects ; Strategies / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vietnam / Cambodia / Thailand / Myanmar / China / Mekong Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049112)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/for-authors/486-a12-1-12/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049112.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049112.pdf
(1.30 MB) (1.30 MB)
'Gender in development' discourses are used to justify interventions into, or opposition to, projects and policies; they may also influence perceptions, practices, or key decisions. Four discursive threads are globally prominent: livelihoods and poverty; natural resources and the environment; rights-based; and managerial. Civil society organisations (CSOs) have been vocal in raising awareness about the adverse impacts of large-scale hydropower developments on the environment, on local livelihoods, and on vulnerable groups including women. This discourse analysis first examines how CSOs engaging in hydropower processes in the Mekong Region frame and use gender in development discourses, and then evaluates the potential of these discourses to empower both women and men. Documents authored by CSOs are examined in detail for how gender is represented, as are media reports on CSO activities, interview transcripts, and images. The findings underline how CSOs depend on discursive legitimacy for influence. Their discursive strategies depend on three factors: the organizations’ goals with respect to development, gender, and the environment; whether the situation is pre- or post-construction; and, on their relationships with the state, project developers and dam-affected communities. The implications of these strategies for empowerment are often not straightforward; inadvertent and indirect effects, positive and negative, are common. The findings of this study are of practical value to CSOs wishing to be more reflexive in their work and more responsive to how it is talked about, as it shows the ways that language and images may enhance or inadvertently work against efforts to empower women.
7 Clement , F.; Nicol, Alan. 2019. Gender, poverty and politics along the real-virtual water spectrum. In Allan, T.; Bromwich, B.; Keulertz, M.; Colman, A. (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of food, water and society. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. pp.251-267.
Gender analysis ; Women's participation ; Poverty ; Virtual water ; Political aspects ; Food systems ; Food production ; Water use ; Food security ; Water security ; Irrigation management ; Markets ; Labour
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 ALL Record No: H049504)
(1.63 MB)
8 Williams, F. E.; Taron, Avinandan. 2020. Demand-led extension: a gender analysis of attendance and key crops. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 26(4):383-400. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1726778]
Agricultural extension systems ; Gender analysis ; Extension approaches ; Women's participation ; Farmer participation ; Women farmers ; Male involvement ; Cropping patterns / South Asia / South East Asia / Africa South of Sahara / India / Bangladesh / Nepal / Sri Lanka / Myanmar / Vietnam / Cambodia / Thailand / Kenya / Ghana / Malawi / Rwanda / Zambia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049538)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1389224X.2020.1726778?needAccess=true#aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFuZGZvbmxpbmUuY29tL2RvaS9wZGYvMTAuMTA4MC8xMzg5MjI0WC4yMDIwLjE3MjY3Nzg/bmVlZEFjY2Vzcz10cnVlQEBAMA==
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049538.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049538.pdf
(2.67 MB) (2.67 MB)
Purpose: The need to increase women’s access to extension has been extensively discussed. This paper assesses women’s access to extension services through the Plantwise extension approach as a baseline for future comparison of women’s access through other extension approaches. It also assesses whether crops that men and women farmers seek plant health advice on are similar or not, and attempts to disperse assumptions that continue to be made about what crops women and men grow.
Approach: We analysed data from the Plantwise Online Management System for 13 countries using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: We show that the Plantwise extension approach enables higher levels of women’s access than generally reported for agricultural extension, that the crops that women and men seek extension advice on is not gender dependent, and there are few clear distinctions between their crops of interest.
Practical implications: There is limited literature studying gender inclusiveness in different extension approaches. The findings add to the documentation of assessing women’s access to demand-driven extension.
Theoretical implications: Plantwise is a new extension approach which needs to be assessed from spatial and temporal perspectives to understand whether demand-driven extension enables increased women’s access over time.
Originality/value: Extension service provision is often based on assumptions about what crops are being grown. Small studies have challenged these assumptions, but this large dataset enables us to test these assumptions more thoroughly across 13 countries adding to the weight of evidence against the existence of women’s and men’s crops.
Approach: We analysed data from the Plantwise Online Management System for 13 countries using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: We show that the Plantwise extension approach enables higher levels of women’s access than generally reported for agricultural extension, that the crops that women and men seek extension advice on is not gender dependent, and there are few clear distinctions between their crops of interest.
Practical implications: There is limited literature studying gender inclusiveness in different extension approaches. The findings add to the documentation of assessing women’s access to demand-driven extension.
Theoretical implications: Plantwise is a new extension approach which needs to be assessed from spatial and temporal perspectives to understand whether demand-driven extension enables increased women’s access over time.
Originality/value: Extension service provision is often based on assumptions about what crops are being grown. Small studies have challenged these assumptions, but this large dataset enables us to test these assumptions more thoroughly across 13 countries adding to the weight of evidence against the existence of women’s and men’s crops.
9 Goli, I.; Najafabadi, M. O.; Lashgarara, F. 2020. Where are we standing and where should we be going?: gender and climate change adaptation behavior. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 33(2):187-218. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-020-09822-3]
Climate change adaptation ; Gender analysis ; Behavior ; Women's participation ; Women farmers ; Agricultural production ; Rice ; Male involvement ; Social aspects ; Ethics ; Decision making ; Environmental effects ; Policies ; Models / Iran Islamic Republic / Mazandaran
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049580)
(1.36 MB)
Climate change poses as one of the greatest ethical challenges of the contemporary era and which is rapidly affecting all sectors and ecosystems, including natural ecosystems and human and social environments. The impacts on human societies, and societies’ ability to mitigate and adapt to these changes and to adhere to ethical principles are influenced by various factors, including gender. Therefore, this study aimed to design a model of climate change adaptation behavior among rice farmers in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, based on gender analysis (IUCN, UNDP and GGCA in Training manual on gender and climate change, 2009) and using the developed model of protection motivation theory (Bockarjova and Steg in Glob Environ Change 28:276–288, 2014). For this purpose, 173 female and 233 male rice farmers in Mazandaran Province were selected through stratified random sampling. The results showed that threat and coping appraisal had positive and significant effects on climate change adaptation behavior in both groups. Additionally, men’s and women’s perceived severity had the greatest impact on threat appraisal, and response costs had the greatest impact on their coping appraisal of climate change. Given that climate change adaptation behavior has been largely dependent on the development of ethical principles and the behavior of men and women toward climate change and based on the research findings, some suggestions are recommended at the mega (international), macro (governmental and legislative), meso (related organizations) and micro (rice farmers) levels for male and female rice farmers to adapt to the climate change phenomenon.
10 Beshir, H. A.; Maystadt, J.-F. 2020. In utero seasonal food insecurity and cognitive development: evidence on gender imbalances from Ethiopia. Journal of African Economies, 29(4):412-431. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jafeco/ejz028]
Gender analysis ; Cognitive development ; Food insecurity ; Food security ; Human capital ; Child development ; Food shortages ; Nutrition ; Education ; Investment ; Mortality ; Public health ; Households ; Communities / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050001)
(0.32 MB)
Food insecurity is pervasive and highly seasonal in Ethiopia. In this study, we investigate the effect of seasonal food insecurity on child development. Exploiting the Young Lives Ethiopia dataset, we study the gender-specific impact of in utero exposure to seasonal food insecurity on cognitive development and the probability of being on the expected grade for children of age 8 up to 12. We find that at age 8, in utero exposure to food insecurity negatively affects cognitive development, only for boys. At age 12, such exposure significantly reduces cognitive development for all children, but with a significantly higher magnitude for boys. The impact is almost three times bigger compared to the one estimated for girls. Corroborated with other outcomes, we explain such gender imbalances by the accumulative nature of the scarring effect rather than the culling effect or gender differences in parental investment.
11 Khoza, S.; de Beer, L. T.; van Niekerk, D.; Nemakonde, L. 2020. A gender-differentiated analysis of climate-smart agriculture adoption by smallholder farmers: application of the extended technology acceptance model. Gender, Technology and Development, 22p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2020.1830338]
Gender analysis ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Technology transfer ; Smallholders ; Farmers' attitudes ; Women farmers ; Decision making ; Social aspects ; Psychological factors ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Disaster risk reduction ; Livelihoods ; Communities ; Models / Malawi / Zambia / Chikwawa / Gwembe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050141)
(2.13 MB)
The low adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies by farmers in developing regions where agrarian livelihoods are threatened by climate-related disasters remains a concerning enigma. Adoption patterns are not commensurate with merits of CSA on food security and climate resilience and attention to gender in relation to behavioral and attitudinal patterns in CSA adoption remains scarce. An exploratory-sequential mixed methods study was conducted, using a socio-psychological theoretical lens to test the applicability of the extended technology acceptance model in predicting CSA adoption among at-risk smallholder farming communities in Malawi and Zambia. Spearman’s rho correlation results show that relationship strengths between socio-psychological factors—perceptions on ease of use, usefulness and climate risk—differed between men and women householdheads. Results also show that social processes are central in influencing women’s decision-making on adoption. For practitioners and policy-makers, these findings reflect a critical need for gender-specific behavioral change communication strategies and inclusive participatory engagement. This will promote dialogue with diverse groups of smallholder-farmers aimed at changing negative, and leveraging on positive, behavior and attitudes toward new CSA technologies. CSA technology development for smallholder-farmers needs to appreciate the role of socio-psychological factors in adoption decisions. Further scientific research is required to establish causality between related socio-psychological factors.
12 Agamile, P.; Dimova, R.; Golan, J. 2021. Crop choice, drought and gender: new insights from smallholders’ response to weather shocks in rural Uganda. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 28p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12427]
Weather hazards ; Choice of species ; Drought ; Gender analysis ; Women ; Rural areas ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Risk ; Crop water use ; Water requirements ; Land allocation ; Rain ; Households / Africa South of Sahara / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050250)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1477-9552.12427?download=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050250.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050250.pdf
(0.32 MB) (332 KB)
We analyse gender differences in the response of smallholder farmers to droughts, taking the duration and severity of the event into account. Using a novel weather shock measure that combines spatial rainfall data with detailed cropping calendars, survey data from Uganda and standard econometric techniques, we find that adverse weather events provide an opportunity for women to enter the commercial crop market by allocating land from subsistence to income generating crops. This counterintuitive pattern is, in part, explained by the greater propensity of men to allocate time to non-agricultural activities in the event of weather shocks.
13 Imburgia, L.; Osbahr, H.; Cardey, S.; Momsen, J. 2021. Irrigation in agriculture: a driver of social differentiation and an empowering livelihood option for rural women. wH2O: The Journal of Gender and Water, 8:4.
Irrigated farming ; Gender analysis ; Women's empowerment ; Rural women ; Livelihoods ; Social differentiation ; Communal irrigation systems ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation water ; Water user associations ; Water rights ; Land tenure ; Farmers ; Households ; Income / Ethiopia / Argentina / Mendoza / Tigray / Raya Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050284)
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=wh2ojournal
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050284.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050284.pdf
(1.15 MB) (1.15 MB)
This paper presents empirical evidence on issues of gender roles, agricultural livelihoods, and social differentiation in communal small-scale irrigation studied in Ethiopia and Argentina. Findings revealed that irrespective of the cultural setting, many women in irrigation remain constrained by structural inequalities regarding access to secure, reliable and affordable irrigation water. These constraints are driven by entrenched power dynamics, social relations and wealth handicaps. These findings contrast with long-standing efforts to devise agricultural policies aimed at reducing gender asymmetries and improving conditions for women in agriculture. In this paper, the case for strengthening irrigation as an empowering livelihood option for rural women is presented.
14 Theis, S.; Bekele, R. D.; Lefore, Nicole; Meinzen-Dick, R.; Ringler, C. 2018. Considering gender when promoting small-scale irrigation technologies: guidance for inclusive irrigation interventions. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 8p. (IFPRI-REACH Project Note)
Farmer-led irrigation ; Small scale systems ; Gender analysis ; Women ; Technology ; Innovation adoption ; Constraints ; Awareness ; Inclusion ; Irrigation programs ; Indicators
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050438)
https://reachwater.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Gender-Toolkit-IFPRI.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050438.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050438.pdf
(0.23 MB) (233 KB)
15 Lafuente, R.; Paneque, P.; Canadas, J. L. 2021. The gender gap in water management preferences: analyzing the influence of environmental concern and political knowledge. Society and Natural Resources, 34(11):1472-1491. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.1971808]
Gender analysis ; Water management ; Role of women ; Water governance ; Water allocation ; Environmental impact ; Political aspects ; Social aspects ; Indicators / Spain / Andalusia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050738)
(2.24 MB)
To date, most studies on the role of women in water management have focused on local communities in developing countries, within which women are more vulnerable to hydrological risk. This study emphasizes the need to investigate the preferences of women in industrialized nations. The results of a representative opinion survey in Andalusia (Spain) reveal that, when it comes to water management, women tend to think primarily in domestic terms whereas men prioritize the efficiency of irrigation systems. In Andalusia (a region under severe risk of hydrological stress) irrigation has a much greater impact on the efficiency of water use than any other factor. To explain these differences of opinion, this study analyses the gender gap in terms of environmental concern and political knowledge. The results suggest that women’s preferences relate not only to their greater environmental proactiveness in the domestic sphere but also to political-knowledge-related variables.
16 Ngigi, M. W.; Muange, E. N. 2022. Access to climate information services and climate-smart agriculture in Kenya: a gender-based analysis. Climatic Change, 174(3-4):21. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03445-5]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Climate services ; Information services ; Access to information ; Gender analysis ; Climate change adaptation ; Strategies ; Women ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Social groups ; Weather forecasting ; Early warning systems ; Food security ; Agroforestry ; Models ; Econometrics / Kenya / Embu / Nakuru / Nyeri / Siaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051427)
(0.78 MB)
Climate change is a significant threat to agriculture-related livelihoods, and its impacts amplify prevailing gender inequalities. Climate information services (CIS) are crucial enablers in adapting to climate change and managing climate-related risks by smallholder farmers. Even though various gender groups have distinct preferences, understandings, and uses of CIS, which affect adaptation decisions differently, there is little research on gender perspectives of CIS. This study employs a novel intra-household survey of 156 married couples to evaluate the gender-differentiated effects of CIS access on the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies in Kenya. The findings reveal gender differences in access to CIS, with husbands having significantly more access to early warning systems and advisory services on adaptation. In contrast, wives had better access to weather forecasts. About 38% of wives perceived that CIS meets their needs, compared to 30% of husbands. As for CIS dissemination pathways, husbands preferred extension officers, print media, television, and local leaders, whereas wives preferred radio and social groups. Recursive bivariate probit analysis shows that trust in CIS, a bundle of CIS dissemination pathways, access to credit, and membership in a mixed-gender social group, affected access to CIS for both genders. Access to early warning systems and advisory services positively affected decisions to adopt CSA by both genders. Still, access to seasonal forecasts influenced husbands’ decisions to adopt CSA but not wives. Besides, there were gender differences in how CIS affected each CSA technology based on gendered access to resources and roles and responsibilities in a household. It is necessary to disseminate CIS through gender-sensitive channels that can satisfy the needs and preferences of different gender groups to encourage the adoption of climate-smart technologies.
17 van Koppen, Barbara. 2023. Restoring the commons: a gendered analysis of customary water tenure in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of the Commons, 17(1):1-11. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1164]
Water tenure ; Customary tenure ; Gender analysis ; Women ; Men ; Legal pluralism ; Water resources ; Infrastructure ; Water sharing ; Commons / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051756)
https://www.thecommonsjournal.org/articles/10.5334/ijc.1164/galley/1207/download/
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051756.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051756.pdf
(0.55 MB) (567 KB)
Customary water tenure in low-and middle-income rural areas has received limited academic, policy, and legal attention as yet. This paper seeks to conceptualize and analyse gender-differentiated living customary water tenure, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa. Extensive literature review suggests four gendered domains: first, water needs and uses; second, strategies to meet those needs by directly accessing water sources, and, with increasing wealth by investing individually or collectively in water infrastructure for self-supply, creating infrastructure-related ‘commons’ in the case of collective systems; third, at community scale, the ‘sharing in’ of communities’ naturally available water resources that flow into infrastructure; and, fourth, ‘sharing out’ of those resources with neighbouring communities but also powerful third parties of foreign and national high impact users. Rendering the gendered community more visible as the main agent to manage its water resources as the commons provides evidence for a range of policies, laws and interventions, including gender equitable and community-led water infrastructure development integrating domestic and productive spheres; strengthening customary arrangements to share water resources as a commons within a community or with neighbouring communities, and the long overdue formal protection of customary water tenure against ‘water grabs’ by powerful third parties.
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