Your search found 23 records
1 FRIEND Report Committee. 1997. FRIEND - Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data, Projects H-5-5 and 1.1: Third report, 1994-1997. Montpellier, Cedex, France: Cemagref. 431p.
Hydrology ; Climate ; Runoff ; Mapping ; Databases ; Networks ; Drought ; Rain ; Rivers ; Flow ; Models ; Statistical analysis ; GIS ; Catchment areas ; Sensitivity analysis ; Regression analysis ; Water resources ; Floods ; Leaching ; Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Water management ; Data collection ; International cooperation / Europe / Egypt / Africa / Mali / Congo / Zaire / Germany / Turkey / Serbia / Netherlands / Nile Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 551.48 G000 FRI Record No: H026965)
2 Wongvisessomjai, S. 2001. Floods and flood mitigation in Thailand. Pathumtani, Thailand: AIT. viii, 117p.: ill; 25cm. (Monograph no.2)
(Location: IWMI-SEA Call no: 627.4 G750 WON Record No: BKK-15)
3 Gebregiorgis, A. S.; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Moges, S. A. 2007. Regional flood frequency analysis for Blue Nile River Basin: Part II – Selection of best fit parent distribution. Journal of Hydrological Sciences, 18p.
River basins ; Hydrology ; Flow measurement ; Floods ; Statistical analysis ; Time series ; Models / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 551.483 G136 GEB Record No: H040548)
4 Whittington, D.; Sadoff, C.; Allaire, M. 2013. The economic value of moving toward a more water secure world. Stockholm, Sweden: Global Water Partnership, Technical Committee (TEC). 73p. (GWP TEC Background Papers 18)
Economic value ; Investment ; Costs ; Water security ; Water resources development ; Water users ; Households ; Sanitation ; Health hazards ; River basins ; Floods ; Drought
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045906)
http://www.gwptoolbox.org/images/stories/gwplibrary/background/tec_18_final.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045906.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045906.pdf
(2.06 MB) (2.06 MB)
5 Bloschl, G.; Sivapalan, M.; Wagener, T.; Viglione, A.; Savenije, H. (Eds.) 2013. Runoff prediction in ungauged basins: synthesis across processes, places and scales. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. 462p.
River basins ; Runoff ; Data ; Frameworks ; Hydrology ; Forecasting ; Assessment ; Catchment areas ; Water storage ; Water levels ; Water balance ; Flow discharge ; Water power ; Precipitation ; Evaporation ; Soil moisture ; Remote sensing ; Land cover ; Land use ; Geology ; Environmental flows ; Rain ; Floods ; Reservoirs ; Case studies ; Models / South East Asia / India / China / Russia / Canada / South Africa / Lesotho / USA / Italy / Austria / Chile / France / Zambia / Ghana / Zimbabwe / Australia / Sweden / Krishna Basin / Huangshui River Basin / Siberian Catchment / Andean Catchment / Luangwa Basin / Mekong River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.488 G000 BLO Record No: H046226)
(0.54 MB)
6 UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme. 2012. The United Nations World Water Development Report 4. Vol. 2. Knowledge base. Paris, France: UNESCO. pp.381-778.
Water management ; Risk management ; Monitoring ; Water quality ; Water governance ; Water allocation ; Waterborne diseases ; Health hazards ; Ecosystem services ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Livestock ; Energy demand ; Institutions ; Capacity building ; Floods ; Drought ; Land degradation ; Arid zones ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Investment / Europe / Asia Pacific / Africa / North America / Latin America / Caribbean / Arab region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 WOR Record No: H046307)
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/WWDR4%20Volume%202-Knowledge%20Base.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046307.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046307.pdf
(41.33 MB)
7 Sharma, C. S.; Mishra, Atmaram; Panda, S. N. 2014. Assessing impact of flood on river dynamics and susceptible regions: geomorphometric analysis. Water Resources Management, 28(9):2615-2638. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0630-2]
Geomorphology ; Impact assessment ; Floods ; Rivers ; GIS ; Remote sensing ; Water resources ; Drainage ; Mapping / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046420)
(3.56 MB)
Natural climatic hazards like flood, an important hydro-geomorphic process of earth’s surface, have different regional and local impacts with significant socio-economic consequences. Similar was the case in Gujarat State, India during last week of June 2005. This study is about assessing the impact of Gujarat flood on river dynamics. It deals with extraction of water bodies information using radiance image and standard water indices i.e., Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) for pre- and post-flooding periods. Geomorphometric analysis along with drainage network extraction was done using two different Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) i.e., Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and compared. Finally, depressions mapping and comparative analysis of magnitude and directional change of drainage networks was carried out. Results confirmed better accuracy of MNDWI in separating water bodies. The water bodies area increased by 10.4 % in post-flood monsoon compared to pre-flood monsoon and by 3.8 % in post-flood dry season compared to pre-flood dry season. Geomorphometric analysis indicated that ASTER DEM gave more values of maximum slope, average slope, and standard deviation as compared to SRTM. Aspects distribution algorithm did not work well in low relief regions. The drainage network generated using SRTMDEM was more accurate. The depressions identified were more susceptible to flood events. Change analysis of drainage network (deviating 100–300 m) indicated that 5.22 % points deviated between October, 2004 and 2005 and 3.18 % between February, 2005 and 2006.
8 Pandey, Rajesh; Amarnath, Giriraj. 2015. The potential of satellite radar altimetry in flood forecasting: concept and implementation for the Niger-Benue River Basin. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 370:223-227. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-223-2015]
Satellite observation ; Radar ; Weather forecasting ; Floods ; River basins ; Hydrology ; Models ; Water levels ; Flow discharge ; Case studies / Nigeria / Niger River / Benue River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047061)
http://www.proc-iahs.net/370/223/2015/piahs-370-223-2015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047061.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047061.pdf
(1.43 MB) (1.43 MB)
Flood forecasting in the downstream part of any hydrological basin is extremely difficult due to the lack of basin-wide hydrological information in near real-time and the absence of a data-sharing treaty among the transboundary nations. The accuracy of forecasts emerging from a hydrological model could be compromised without prior knowledge of the day-to-day flow regulation at different locations upstream of the Niger and Benue rivers. Only satellite altimeter monitoring allows us to identify the actual river levels upstream that reflect the human intervention at that location. This is critical for making accurate downstream forecasts. This present study aims to demonstrate the capability of altimeter-based flood forecasting along the Niger-Benue River in Nigeria. The study includes the comparison of decadal (at every 10 days from Jason-2) or monthly (at every 35 days from Envisat/AltiKa) observations from 2002 to 2014, with historical in situ measurements from 1990 to 2012. The water level obtained from these sources shows a good correlation (0.7–0.9). After validation of hydrological parameters obtained from two sources, a quantitative relation (rating curve) of upstream water level and downstream discharge is derived. This relation is then adopted for calculation of discharge at observation points, which is used to propagate the flow downstream at a desired location using a hydraulic river model. Results from this study from Jason-2 shows a promising correlation (R2 90% with a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of more than 0.70) with 5 days ahead of downstream flow prediction over the Benue stream.
9 FAO; RUAF Foundation; International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Assessing risk in times of climate change and COVID-19: city region food system of Tamale, Ghana. Rome, Italy: FAO. 4p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6621en]
Food systems ; Risk assessment ; Climate change ; COVID-19 ; Urban agriculture ; Peri-urban agriculture ; Food production ; Food supply chains ; Markets ; Weather hazards ; Drought ; Rainfall patterns ; Floods / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050719)
(1.77 MB) (1.77 MB)
This factsheet provides information on the general knowledge collected by the city region food system (CRFS) project in its phase 2 regarding the assessment of risks for the CRFS of Tamale. The data was collected through literature review and stakeholder consultations.
10 International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2021. Data sharing in transboundary waters: current extent, future potential and practical recommendations. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (IWMI Water Policy Brief 43) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.232]
Data management ; Information exchange ; International waters ; River basin management ; Frameworks ; Water management ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Parameters ; Data transmission ; Modelling ; Water use ; Water quality ; Risk assessment ; Environmental impact ; Water policies ; International cooperation ; International agreements ; Floods ; Drought ; Monitoring / Africa / Limpopo River Basin / Ruvuma River Basin / Okavango River Basin / Volta River Basin / Orange-Senqu River Basin / Cuvelai River Basin / Niger River Basin / Zambezi River Basin / Senegal River Basin / Lake Chad River Basin / Pungwe River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050830)
(3.60 MB)
Data exchange in transboundary waters is fundamental to advance cooperation in water management. Nonetheless, the degree to which data are actually shared is falling short of basin-level and international targets. A global assessment revealed that a reasonable proportion of river basins exchange some data, but the breadth of such exchange is often limited and not regular. More in-depth examination of African basins nonetheless suggests that a real need for, and use of, water data appears to motivate exchange. Indeed, evidence suggests that data exchange needs which are more directly felt enhance exchange, e.g., the direct need to minimize flood impacts or manage transboundary infrastructure. As such, data sharing is much more likely to be considered as being successful if it responds to a palpable need and serves practical uses. Also, in developing data exchange programs, it may be prudent to adopt a focused and sequential approach to data exchange that starts with a short-list of most needed parameters.
11 Wijeratne, V. P. I. S.; Li, G. 2022. Urban sprawl and its stress on the risk of extreme hydrological events (EHEs) in the Kelani River Basin, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 68:102715. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102715]
River basins ; Hydrological cycle ; Extreme weather events ; Floods ; Land use ; Land cover ; Urban areas ; Geographical information systems ; Remote sensing ; Landsat ; Climate change ; Water levels ; Models ; Normalized difference vegetation index / Sri Lanka / Kelani River Basin / Colombo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050785)
(10.00 MB)
Land modification and urban sprawl cause incremental changes in hydrological processes due to the results of novel or hybrid ecosystems. This study mainly investigated the unforeseen urban expansion in the lower Kelani River basin, Sri Lanka, and its impact on the increment of hydrological extremes. Remote sensing data, including night-time light images (NOAA/AVHRR) and Landsat (TM/ETM+/OLI) data of different wavelengths, were analysed in this study. Land use and land cover data of the river basin were obtained from 1995. Shannon's entropy was used to demarcate urban sprawl in the river basin over nearly two decades. A spatial regression model was built to identify the correlation between increments of hydrological extremes and urban sprawl. This study revealed that the Kelani River basin has experienced a high urban sprawl rate over the past 23 years and that the total urban land area has increased by 130%. The flood risk analysis revealed that the flood frequency has also dramatically increased due to urban sprawl, and nearly 20 minor flood events have been recorded over the last two decades. Most of the urban areas situated in the lower river basin have invaded into the area with a higher flood risk, and the total flood damage has increased over the study period. The built-up land extent increased from 24.07 km2 to 56.39 km2. In 2018, the flood plain and the lower basin were mostly occupied by human settlements. Therefore, it is essential to improve current policies and mitigation plans to minimize the negative impact of rapid urban sprawl in the study area.
12 Leflaive, X.; Dominique, K.; Alaerts, G. J. (Eds.) 2022. Financing investment in water security: recent developments and perspectives. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. 381p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2019-0-03290-6]
Water security ; Financing ; Investment ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Water supply ; Water availability ; Equity ; Public finance ; Infrastructure ; Markets ; Political aspects ; Public-private partnerships ; Organizations ; River basin institutions ; Donors ; Funding ; Systemic action ; Strategies ; Climate change ; Floods ; Risk ; Wastewater treatment ; Sewage ; Water quality ; Environmental restoration ; Policies ; Projects ; Innovation ; Models ; Assets ; Case studies ; European Union / Africa / Asia / United States of America / China / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LEF, e-copy SF Record No: H051124)
(0.73 MB)
13 Li, D.; Lu, X.; Walling, D. E.; Zhang, T.; Steiner, J. F.; Wasson, R. J.; Harrison, S.; Nepal, Santosh; Nie, Y.; Immerzeel, W. W.; Shugar, D. H.; Koppes, M.; Lane, S.; Zeng, Z.; Sun, X.; Yegorov, A.; Bolch, T. 2022. High Mountain Asia hydropower systems threatened by climate-driven landscape instability. Nature Geoscience, 15(7):520-530. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00953-y]
Hydropower ; Climate change ; Mountains ; Landscape ; Glaciers ; Snowmelt ; Extreme weather events ; Floods ; Rain ; Sediment load ; Erosion ; Resilience ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Lakes / Asia / High Mountain Asia / Himalaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051234)
(2.58 MB)
Global warming-induced melting and thawing of the cryosphere are severely altering the volume and timing of water supplied from High Mountain Asia, adversely affecting downstream food and energy systems that are relied on by billions of people. The construction of more reservoirs designed to regulate streamflow and produce hydropower is a critical part of strategies for adapting to these changes. However, these projects are vulnerable to a complex set of interacting processes that are destabilizing landscapes throughout the region. Ranging in severity and the pace of change, these processes include glacial retreat and detachments, permafrost thaw and associated landslides, rock–ice avalanches, debris flows and outburst floods from glacial lakes and landslide-dammed lakes. The result is large amounts of sediment being mobilized that can fill up reservoirs, cause dam failure and degrade power turbines. Here we recommend forward-looking design and maintenance measures and sustainable sediment management solutions that can help transition towards climate change-resilient dams and reservoirs in High Mountain Asia, in large part based on improved monitoring and prediction of compound and cascading hazards.
14 Ekolu, J.; Dieppois, B.; Sidibe, M.; Eden, J. M.; Tramblay, Y.; Villarini, G.; Pena-Angulo, D.; Mahe, G.; Paturel, J.-E.; Onyutha, C.; van de Wiel, M. 2022. Long-term variability in hydrological droughts and floods in Sub-Saharan Africa: new perspectives from a 65-year daily streamflow dataset. Journal of Hydrology, 613(Part A):128359. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128359]
Drought ; Floods ; Hydrological factors ; Trends ; Intensity ; Frequency ; Stream flow ; Datasets ; River basins ; Catchment areas / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051399)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422009313/pdfft?md5=f530acde9af55347870e357f4c6c5391&pid=1-s2.0-S0022169422009313-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051399.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051399.pdf
(13.30 MB) (13.3 MB)
Understanding hydrological variability is of crucial importance for water resource management in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While existing studies typically focus on individual river basins, and suffer from incomplete records, this study provides a new perspective of trends and variability in hydrological flood and drought characteristics (frequency, duration, and intensity) across the entire SSA. This is achieved by: i) creating a 65-year long, complete daily streamflow dataset consisting of over 600 gauging stations; ii) quantifying changes in flood and drought characteristics between 1950 and 2014; iii) evaluating how decadal variability influences historical trends. Results of daily streamflow reconstructions using random forests provide satisfactory performance over most of SSA, except for parts of southern Africa. Using change-point and trend analyses, we identify-three periods that characterise historical variations affecting hydrological extremes in western and central Africa, and some parts of southern Africa: i) the 1950s–60s and after the 1980s–90s, when floods (droughts) tend to be more (less) intense, more (less) frequent and more (less) persistent; and ii) the 1970s–80s, when floods (droughts) are less (more) intense, less (more) frequent and less (more) persistent. Finally, we reveal significant decadal variations in all flood and drought characteristics, which explain aperiodic increasing and decreasing trends. This stresses the importance of considering multiple time-periods when analysing recent trends, as previous assessments may have been unrepresentative of long-term changes.
15 Ghosh, Surajit; Mukherjee, J. 2023. Earth observation data to strengthen flood resilience: a recent experience from the Irrawaddy River. Natural Hazards, 115(3):2749-2754. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05644-w]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051500)
(3.22 MB)
The improvement of Earth Observation (EO) sensors and modern computational efficiency in the form of cloud analytics platform has made monitoring and interpretation of floods much more efficient. In this study, we present the recently occurred floods in the north-central section of the Irrawaddy River, inundating the adjoining farmlands on the active floodplains along a stretch of 228 km. The amount of rainfall was observed to have gradually risen from early June 2022 captured through GPM data. Similarly, the water levels in the study stretch were observed to have increased from 98.08 m to 104.08 m (from Sentinel-3 altimetry) due to torrential rains on the northern hilly tracts of Myanmar. High-resolution Sentinel-1 SAR datasets have been used to estimate flood progression in the GEE platform. The total inundated area had risen from 196 to 989 sq. km. throughout June till the first week of July. Thus, EO data associated with accessible computing on cloud platforms help monitor flood progression, warn the community well in advance and support the development of crop insurance strategies, anticipatory actions and many more to strengthen evidence-based flood policy.
16 Okoko, A. N. 2022. Becoming flood insecure: lessons from village level experiences in Tana Delta, Kenya. Progress in Disaster Science, 16:100265. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100265]
Floods ; Floodplains ; Food insecurity ; Water insecurity ; Livelihoods ; Health ; Environmental factors ; Political aspects ; Villages ; Deltas ; Livestock / Kenya / Tana River Delta
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051565)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061722000527/pdfft?md5=38fe48e984c949c0ad58b6f0ea386838&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061722000527-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051565.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051565.pdf
(12.60 MB) (12.6 MB)
Floods affect the human security conditions of floodplain residents. The aim of this paper is to explore how residents of the Tana River Delta in Kenya become flood insecure. This paper utilises assemblage theory, particularly the principles of rhizomatic multiplicity to explain the concept of becoming flood insecure. It combines these rhizomatic multiplicity principles with disruptions to the pillars of human security which are becoming afraid, becoming wanting and becoming undignified and their composite conditions of human insecurity to create an analytical framework with which to understand becoming flood insecure. The study sources its data from Focus Group Discussions in 10 sampled villages in the Tana River Delta. The results reveal that becoming flood insecure is a rhizomatic multiplicity and that the pillars and conditions of human security that comprise it are heterogenous and interconnected. The results reveal the conditions of human insecurity in the Tana River Delta as personal, food, water, fuel, housing, health, environment, and political. They also reveal that while children become more flood insecure, they are also the most adaptive. Additionally, the results show that there are transitory conditions of human insecurity, food, housing health, to which people attempt to find local solutions and redundant conditions of human insecurity, political, health, water, personal and environment, to which people cannot find local solutions and public action is required.
17 Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Bangira, T.; Sibanda, M.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2022. Use of drones to monitor water availability and quality in irrigation canals and reservoirs for improving water productivity and enhancing precision agriculture in smallholder farms. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on West and Central African Food Systems Transformation. 36p.
Water availability ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Irrigation canals ; Reservoirs ; Water productivity ; Precision agriculture ; Smallholders ; Unmanned aerial vehicles ; Imagery ; Remote sensing ; Floods ; Mapping ; Water levels ; Parameters
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051656)
(735 KB)
The report provides a methodology protocol for measuring temporal and spatial changes in water quantity and quality using drone imagery. The procedure is informed by the need for effective and sustainable water resource use to enhance water productivity under climate change. It is based on a literature review that allows the identification of appropriate processes, materials, and procedures for water monitoring, including mapping spatial and temporal dynamics of reservoirs, measurement of water quality parameters, and flood mapping of irrigation canals.
18 Foudi , S.; McCartney, Matthew; Markandya, A.; Pascual, U. 2023. The impact of multipurpose dams on the values of nature’s contributions to people under a water-energy-food nexus framing. Ecological Economics, 206:107758. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107758]
Dams ; Reservoirs ; Water resources ; Energy ; Food systems ; Nexus approaches ; Natural environment ; Ecosystem services ; Equity ; River basins ; Economic value ; Floods ; Hydrology ; Hydroelectric power generation ; Social aspects ; Ecological factors ; Communities / Kenya / Tana River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051684)
(1.62 MB)
The paper proposes a probabilistic approach to the assessment of the impacts of multipurpose dams. It is framed around the notion of Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP) in the setting of the Water-Energy-Food nexus. The socio-ecological context of the Tana River Basin in Kenya and the construction of two multipurpose dams are used to highlight co-produced positive and negative NCP under alternative river regimes. These regimes produce both damaging floods that ought to be controlled and beneficial floods that ought to be allowed. But the river regime that results from hydropower generation and flood risk reduction may not be the one that is most conducive to food and feed-based NCP. The approach relates the economic value of river-based NCP coproduction to the probability of flooding to derive the expected annual value of NCP and a NCP value-probability curve. The relation between NCP flows and flood characteristics is tested and estimated based on regression analyses with historical data. Results indicate that the net economic value of key NCP associated with multipurpose dams for local people and associated social equity effects largely depend on the frequency of flood events and on the way impacts are distributed across communities, economic sectors and time.
19 Gebrechorkos, S. H.; Taye, Meron Teferi; Birhanu, B.; Solomon, D.; Demissie, T. 2023. Future changes in climate and hydroclimate extremes in East Africa. Earth's Future, 11(2):e2022EF003011. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003011]
Climate change adaptation ; Hydroclimate ; Extreme weather events ; Forecasting ; Precipitation ; Temperature ; Drought ; Floods ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Climate models ; Impact assessment ; Hydrological modelling / East Africa / Ethiopia / Kenya / United Republic of Tanzania / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051758)
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2022EF003011
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051758.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051758.pdf
(8.11 MB) (8.11 MB)
Climate change is affecting the agriculture, water, and energy sectors in East Africa and the impact is projected to increase in the future. To allow adaptation and mitigation of the impacts, we assessed the changes in climate and their impacts on hydrology and hydrological extremes in East Africa. We used outputs from seven CMIP-6 Global Climate Models (GCMs) and 1981–2010 is used as a reference period. The output from GCMs are statistically downscaled using the Bias Correction-Constructed Analogs with Quantile mapping reordering method to drive a high-resolution hydrological model. The Variable Infiltration Capacity and vector-based routing models are used to simulate runoff and streamflow across 68,300 river reaches in East Africa. The results show an increase in annual precipitation (up to 35%) in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya and a decrease (up to 4.5%) in Southern Tanzania in the 2050s (2041–2070) and 2080s (2071–2100). During the long rainy season (March–May), precipitation is projected to be higher (up to 43%) than the reference period in Southern Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda but lower (up to -20%) in Tanzania. Large parts of Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Southern Ethiopia show an increase in precipitation (up to 38%) during the short rainy season (October–December). Temperature and evapotranspiration will continue to increase in the future. Further, annual and seasonal streamflow and hydrological extremes (droughts and floods) are projected to increase in large parts of the region throughout the 21st century calling for site-specific adaptation.
20 Zhang, Y.; Yue, W.; Su, M.; Teng, Y.; Huang, Q.; Lu, W.; Rong, Q.; Xu, C. 2023. Assessment of urban flood resilience based on a systematic framework. Ecological Indicators, 150:110230. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110230]
Assessment ; Floods ; Resilience ; Urbanization ; Precipitation ; Infiltration rate ; Rain ; Towns ; Drainage ; Land use / China / Dongguan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051873)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23003722/pdfft?md5=883918bd475eb9aabbc9c3e3ee59578b&pid=1-s2.0-S1470160X23003722-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051873.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051873.pdf
(10.10 MB) (10.1 MB)
Urban flooding can seriously threaten urban ecological security and human life, and therefore urban flood resilience (UFR) is important for urban safety and stability. To comprehensively evaluate urban system performance during the entire process of rainfall, runoff, flooding, and drainage, we developed a systematic framework for UFR assessment covering runoff simulation, flood estimation, and resilience assessment, which broadly corresponded to the phases of resistance, adaptation, and recovery. The UFR in the phases of resistance, adaptation, and recovery was simulated and assessed using a system performance curve (SPC) and technically combining with the hybrid flood model while mainly considering the total simulation time and inundated urban proportion in SPC. Because the extent of urban flooding can be influenced by climate change and the rate of urbanization, we chose the corresponding representative factors of precipitation and infiltration rate and considered 21 simulation scenarios (seven rainfall return periods and three infiltration rates) for which UFR was quantified according to urban system performance. The effectiveness of this framework was demonstrated in application to a typical highly urbanized area (i.e., Dongguan, China). The following results were derived: (1) The inundated area under the pessimistic scenario (i.e., S19) would be nearly four times greater than that under the optimistic scenario (i.e., S3); (2) The values of UFR in Dongguan were 0.9494–0.9863, locating at the high and very high level; (3) The lowest UFR value was 0.6552 in the Shuixiang New City district; and (4) The rainfall return period was the main factor influencing UFR under relatively short rainfall return periods (i.e., S1–S9), while infiltration rate was the principal influencing factor under relatively long rainfall return periods (i.e., S10–S21). The proposed systematic framework could be applied in other cities and large-scale regions like urban agglomerations and provinces.
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