Your search found 77 records
1 Bantero, B.; Ayana, M.; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele. 2010. Assessment of irrigation performance along the canal reach of community managed scheme in southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Development Research, 32(1):81-106 (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors).
Irrigation schemes ; Communal irrigation systems ; Irrigation canals ; Flow measurement ; Water distribution ; Performance evaluation ; Performance indexes ; Downstream ; Upstream ; Productivity / Ethiopia / Hare Irrigation Scheme / Chano Dorga / Chano Chalba / Kola Shara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H043250)
(0.13 MB)
This paper presents the results of irrigation performance assessment made along the canal reaches of community-managed Hare irrigation scheme in Southern Ethiopia. Field measurement, interview, group discussion and measurement of water supply were undertaken, and output performance indicators were assessed. Measurements of cropping intensity, irrigation interval and productivity show that there is a distinct difference in performance along the main canal. Upstream water users always have easy access to water, higher annual income and resource base than those in midstream and downstream. Disparity among users occurs due to lack of functional institutions and poor conditions of water distribution systems.
2 Karimov, Akmal; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Aulchaev, T.; Borisov, V. 2010. Transformation of a negative impact of upstream irrigation and the benefits for downstream water users: an example of Ferghana Valley. In Russian. In Proceedings of the Republican Scientific Practical Conference on Efficient Agricultural Water Use and Tropical Issues in Land Reclamation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 10-11 November 2010. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water Management Institute; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SANIIRI). pp.129-138.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043571)
(2.80 MB)
3 Narain, S.; Babu, S. S. V.; Seth, B. L.; Chak, A.; Dixit, V. K. 2007. Sewage canal: how to clean The Yamuna. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). 180p.
Waste management ; Sewage ; Rivers ; Pollution ; Action plans ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Wastewater ; Waste treatment ; Water quality ; Coliform bacteria / India / Yamuna River / New Delhi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.3 G635 NAR Record No: H043793)
(0.54 MB)
4 Water Channel. 2011. Water management in motion: six thematic DVDs including 60 videos, tutorials and key references. Wageningen, Netherlands: Water Channel. 6 DVDs.
Water management ; Groundwater management ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Conflict ; Rain ; Water harvesting ; Drinking water ; Aquifers ; Wells ; Groundwater recharge ; Greenhouse effect ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Towns ; Erosion ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Malaria ; Deserts ; Mangroves ; Crops ; Lakes ; Rivers ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Wastewater treatment / India / Kenya / Nepal / Uganda / Bangladesh / New Zealand / Vietnam / USA / South Africa / Palestine / China / Philippines / Indus River / Mekong River / Karnataka Pradesh / Bangalore / Carteret Islands / Lake Tahoe / Niger Delta / Yamuna River / Green Lake / Lake Victoria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: DVD col Record No: H044070)
5 Sharma, Bharat; de Condappa, D.; Bharati, Luna. 2011. Opportunities for harnessing the increased contribution of glacier and snowmelt flows in the Ganges Basin. Keynote speech presented at the International Conference on Cooperation on the Ganges: Barriers, Myths, and Opportunities, Institute of Water Policy, LKY School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 13-14 November 2010. 16p.
River basins ; Climate change ; Glaciers ; Snowmelt ; Environmental temperature ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Mountains / South Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044143)
(0.71 MB)
The topography of Ganges basin (GB) is much contrasted with upstream steep mountainous region of the Himalayas and downstream large fertile plains in eastern India and Bangladesh. The Himalays are partly covered by snow and glaciers that seasonally release water to the river network of GB and provide cushion against the annual fluctuations. The contribution from the glaciers to the streamflows is supposed to be significant although spatilly distributed quantification is unavailable. Moreover, there is uncertainity on the impact of climate change on glaciers and the resultant streamflows. We set up an application of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP)model which contained an experimental glaciers module that accounts for snow and glaciers processes in the GB. The model also examined the possible impacts of an increase in temperature of +1, +2 or +3 degree Celsius over 20 years of the simulation period (1982-2002). The average annual stream flows in the GB that comes from melting of snow and ice in glaciated areas is significant (60-75%) in the Upper Ganga and in the Nepalese sub-basins. The share, however, reduces significantly further downstream, falling to about 19% at Farakka as flows from glaciated areas are diluted by streamflows generated by rainfall/ runoff processes. Climate change-induced rise in temperature logically increases the quantity of snow and ice that melts in glaciated areas , causing an augmentation of streamflows. However, this impact decreases from upstream ( +8% to +26% at Tehri Dam in Uttaranchal in India) to downstream (+1% to +4% at Farakka in West Bengal). Such increases in streamflows may create flood events more frequently or of higher magnitude in the Upper Ganga or in the mountainous sub-basins. In terms of water use, most of the extra water from glaciated areas do not flow when water is most required i.e. during the lean flow winter and early summer season. Potential strategy to exploit this additional water may include construction of new dams/ reservoir storages that could be used locally or within the transboundary agreements or to capture this extra water just at the end of the dry season (April-June) when flows from glaciated areas become noticeable. Enhancing the development of groundwater in the basin (from the present low level of ~ 30 per cent) through managed aquifer recharge and other suitable options shall be an equally viable option. The riparian states within India and India-Nepal- Bangladesh may harness this opportunity to alleviate physical water scarcity and transboundary water conflicts.
6 Xenarios, Stefanos; Asante, F.; McCartney, Matthew. 2011. Economic efficiency of water storage options: an application of the approach to Ghana. Paper presented at the Third Ghana Water Forum (GWF-3) on Water and Sanitation Services Delivery in a Rapidly Changing Urban Environment, Accra, Ghana, 5-7 September 2011. 6p.
Water storage ; Economic aspects ; Climate change ; Cost benefit analysis ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Reservoirs ; Models ; Economic thresholds ; Case studies / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044292)
(0.18 MB)
Water storage is widely promoted as an effective method for mitigating some of the adverse impacts of climate change. Cost benefit analysis is one approach to evaluate which is the most appropriate water storage type under any specific biophysical and socio-economic conditions. However, this often result in loss of significant information for those characteristics which cannot be easily assessed using monetary values. Against this background, the study reported in this paper developed an outranking-based methodology, designed with threshold systems and weighting values, in order to overcome some of the constraints of traditional cost-benefit analysis. The method has been applied in three representative catchments in central and northern Ghana. The results present a preponderance of upstream areas linked with small reservoirs because of the considerably high income, the sufficient water supply, the low costs given for water related illnesses and the low costs for domestic water use.
7 Karimov, Akmal; Molden, David; Platonov, Alexander; Khamzina, A. 2011. From improved water accounting to increased water productivity in the Fergana Valley. In ICID. 21st Congress on Irrigation and Drainage: Water Productivity towards Food Security, Tehran, Iran, 15-23 October 2011. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.141-153. (ICID Transaction No. 30-A)
Water resources ; Water accounting ; Water productivity ; River basins ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Water depletion ; Water conservation ; Water use ; Evaporation / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Fergana valley / Syrdarya River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044425)
http://www.irncid.org/GetFileArticles.aspx?FilePrm=8327_12461.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044425.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044425.pdf
(1.06 MB) (1.07MB)
Facing competition for limited water resources with domestic, industrial, hydropower and environmental uses, agriculture has to adapt to produce more food with less water. This paper proposes to apply water accounting procedure to identify the scope for water productivity improvement. The Fergana Valley, a highly productive area within the upstream of the Syrdarya River Basin, was selected to examine the proposed procedure. Significant non-productive depletions of water as evaporation at 31-34% of the available water were identified in the Fergana Valley. There is also flow to sinks and pollution in the downstream at 1-5% of the gross inflow due to the changes of the river flow regime, its quantity and quality, caused by the return flow from the irrigated land and the winter hydropower releases from the upstream. Total non-productive depletions of water at 4,200-5,200 million m3 (Mm3) were identified in the form of evaporation, flows to sinks, and pollution. Proper water saving technologies to reduce non-productive depletions will improve water productivity in the Fergana Valley and increase water availability for the downstream water uses.
8 Wegerich, Kai. 2011. Politics of water in post-Soviet Central Asia. In Heaney, D. (Ed). Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2012. 12th ed. London, UK: Routledge. pp.48-52.
International waters ; International relations ; Political aspects ; River basins ; Canals ; Reservoirs ; Surveys ; Upstream ; Downstream ; USSR ; Irrigation ; Water power / Central Asia / Kyrgyzstan / Tajikistan / Uzbekistan / Kazakhstan / Turkmenistan / Syr Darya / Amu Darya / Aral Sea
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044665)
(0.83 MB)
9 Syme, G. J.; Reddy, V. R.; Pavelic, Paul; Croke, B.; Ranjan, R. 2012. Confronting scale in watershed development in India. Hydrogeology Journal, 20(5):985-993. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0824-0]
Watershed management ; Water policy ; Natural resources management ; Groundwater ; Surface water ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects ; Corporate culture ; Downstream ; Upstream / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044737)
(0.21 MB)
The issue of scale is examined in the context of a watershed development policy (WSD) in India.WSD policy goals, by improving the natural resource base, aim to improve the livelihoods of rural communities through increased sustainable production. It has generally been practiced at a micro-level of less than 500ha, as this was seen to be a scale that would encourage participative management. There has been some concern that this land area may be too small and may lead to less than optimal hydrological, economic and equity outcomes. As a result there has been a move to create guidelines for meso-scale WSD of above 5,000ha in an endeavour to improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary team was assembled to evaluate the proposed meso-scale approach. In developing an adequate methodology for the evaluation it soon became clear that scale in itself was not the only determinant of success. The effect of geographical scale (or level) on WSD is determined by the variation in other drivers that will influenceWSDsuccess such as hydrological conditions, land use and available institutional structures. How this should be interpreted at different levels in the light of interactions between biophysical and socio-economic scales is discussed.
10 Narain, S.; Pandey, P. 2012. Excreta matters: how urban India is soaking up water, polluting rivers and drowning in its own waste. Vol. 1. New Delhi, India: Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). 286p.
Excreta ; Sewage ; Waste management ; Urban areas ; Water pollution ; Wastewater treatment ; Costs ; Electricity ; Investment ; Economic aspects ; Technology ; Rivers ; Lakes ; Aquifers ; Population growth ; Water supply ; Pipes ; Water demand ; Water scarcity ; Water loss ; Groundwater ; Water harvesting ; Surveys ; Households ; Water quality ; Sanitation ; Downstream ; Upstream / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G635 NAR Record No: H044742)
(0.31 MB)
11 Karimov, Akmal; Molden, David; Khamzina, T.; Platonov, Alexander; Ivanov, Y. 2012. A water accounting procedure to determine the water savings potential of the Fergana Valley. Agricultural Water Management, 108:61-72. (Special issue on "Irrigation efficiency and productivity: scales, systems and science" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.11.010]
Water management ; Water accounting ; Water conservation ; Water productivity ; Water use ; Conjunctive use ; Water power ; Upstream ; Downstream ; River basins ; Water storage ; Groundwater recharge / Central Asia / Syrdarya River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044811)
(1.37 MB)
The Syrdarya River basin in Central Asia exhibits symptoms of scarcity because of growing competition between hydropower upstream and environment, cities and agriculture downstream. Different approaches to water management, based on water savings in agriculture could relieve the stress of competition, yet keep alive a vibrant agriculture. The Fergana Valley, a highly productive area within the upstream of the Syrdarya River, was analyzed to determine the water savings potential of agriculture. This paper used a water accounting procedure to identify both the scope for savings and the strategies to realize those gains. Signi cant nonproductive depletion of water at 681–4164millionm3 (Mm3) was identi ed in the formof evaporation, ows to sinks and pollution. Thewater-saving potential is estimated at 2823Mm3 annually, which is about 10% of the total in ow into the area, through a range of practical approaches. This strategy would bring regional bene ts by reallocation of surplus winter ow from the upstream for summer use in the downstream.
12 Fisher, M.; Cook, Simon. (Eds.) 2012. Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits. London, UK: Routledge. 400p.
Water management ; Water resources development ; Groundwater management ; Rain water management ; Food security ; Crop production ; Farming systems ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Rural poverty ; Water poverty ; Mapping ; Indicators ; River basins ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Water scarcity ; Water quality ; Water productivity ; Water availability ; Institutions ; Corporate culture ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water market ; Water use ; Legal aspects ; Development policy ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Administration ; Energy consumption ; Land use ; Land tenure ; Farmers ; Smallholders ; Livestock ; Fisheries ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Irrigation management ; Investment ; Population growth ; Runoff ; Case studies / Asia / Africa / South America / South East Asia / India / Iran / Uganda / Ethiopia / Sudan / Egypt / China / Andes Basins / Ganges River Basin / Indus River Basin / Karkheh River Basin / Limpopo River Basin / Mekong River Basin / Niger River Basin / Nile River Basin / Vilta River Basin / Yellow River Basin / Lake Victoria / Sudd Wetland / Gezira
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044835)
(0.34 MB)
13 Cumming, G. S. 2012. The resilience of big river basins. In Fisher, M.; Cook, Simon (Eds.). Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits. London, UK: Routledge. pp.301-333.
River basins ; Ecosystems ; Case studies ; Sociology ; Ecology ; Environmental effects ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Water users / Africa / South America / Asia / China / Iran / India / Pakistan / Limpopo River Basin / Karkeh River Basins / Nile River Basin / Volta River Basin / Niger River Basin / Yellow River Basin / Indus River Basin / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044849)
(2.11 MB)
14 Olsson, O.; Wegerich, Kai; Kabilov, Firdavs. 2012. Water quantity and quality in the Zerafshan River Basin: only an upstream riparian problem? International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(3):493-505. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2012.684318]
Water quality ; Rules ; River basins ; Upstream ; Case studies ; Water pollution ; Water law ; Water availability ; Water scarcity ; Watercourses ; Stream flow ; Environmental effects / Central Asia / Aral Sea Basin / Zerafshan River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044911)
(0.20 MB)
In discussing the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention, McCaffrey (1998) gave a theoretical example of the late-developer problem. This paper complements that theoretical example with a real case study of the Zerafshan basin in Central Asia. While McCaffrey addressed the water quantity issue in his example, the focus here also includes water pollution. The aim of the paper is to analyze some of the provisions of the mechanisms in the field of international water law—the Helsinki Rules and the UN Watercourses Convention—for water quantity and quality aspects, as well as to provide an insight into the basin regarding these two aspects.
15 O’Keeffe, J.; Kaushal, N.; Bharati, Luna; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2012. Assessment of environmental flows for the Upper Ganga Basin. [Project report of the environmental flows assessment done under the Living Ganga Program]. New Delhi, India: World Wide Fund for Nature - India (WWF-India). 161p.
Environmental flows ; Assessment ; River basins ; Drought ; Freshwater ; Ecosystems ; Hydrology ; Hydraulics ; geomorphology ; Surveys ; Biodiversity ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Upstream ; Water resources ; Water use ; Water quality ; Indicators ; Land use ; Land cover / India / Upper Ganga Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044950)
http://awsassets.wwfindia.org/downloads/exec_summary_mail_1_28.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044950.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044950.pdf
(1.10 MB) (1.10MB)
Ecosystem integrity as well as the goods and services offered by the rivers in India are getting adversely affected by changes in quantity, quality and flow regimes. Growing water abstractions for agriculture, domestic, industrial and energy use are leaving many rivers running dry, while others are becoming severely polluted. The mighty Ganga is no exception. During its 2,525 km journey from Gangotri to Ganga Sagar, there are complex, nested sets of challenges that threaten the very existence of the holy river revered by millions of Indians. In the upper Himalayan reaches, the flow in the river is vulnerable to water abstractions by hydropower projects, both existing and proposed. From the time the river enters the plains, abstractions for agriculture, urban and industrial uses leave the river lean and polluted. As the river's dynamics have been altered by diversions and inefficient use, the freshwater flow has reduced, leading to a reduction in the river’s assimilative capacity. As the river makes its way to the sea, and more pollution is added to the lean flows, the stress on the Ganga increases. Climate change is adding another set of complexities to the problems of the Ganga and to the hundreds of millions of people who depend on the river and its basin.
16 Mirza, M. M. Q.; Ahmed, A. U.; Ahmad, Q. K. (Eds.) 2008. Interlinking of rivers in India: issues and concerns. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press. 298p.
Water resources development ; Water management ; Rivers ; Flow discharge ; Indigenous knowledge ; Water crisis ; Food security ; Water security ; Economic development ; Costs ; Simulation models ; Hydrology ; Water sharing ; Energy generation ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Legal aspects ; Public health ; Waterborne diseases ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Downstream ; Upstream ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Flooding ; Drought / South Asia / Central Asia / East Asia / South Asia / India / Nepal / Europe / Bangladesh / China / Latin America
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.6 G000 MIR Record No: H044957)
(0.50 MB)
17 Kumar, Saideepa; Lagudu, Surinaidu; Pavelic, Paul; Davidson, B. 2012. Integrating cost and benefit considerations with supply- and demand-based strategies for basin-scale groundwater management in South-West India. Water International, 37(4):362-379. (Special issue on "How hydrological models support informed decision making in developing countries" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2012.708601]
Cost benefit analysis ; Groundwater management ; River basins ; Aquifers ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Climate change ; Irrigated sites ; Simulation models ; Economic aspects / India / Krishna River Basin / Upper Bhima River Sub-basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H044994)
(1.15 MB)
Efforts to reverse groundwater depletion in hard-rock regions by enhancing aquifer recharge with valuable surface water present complex challenges and trade-offs related to upstream–downstream interactions and equity. Here, groundwater modelling is used in combination with economic valuation techniques to assess the effectiveness of alternative supply and demand measures under different climate change scenarios in an upper sub-basin of the Krishna River basin in India. It is found that aquifer recharge provides benefits for the sub-basin that are not apparent at the basin scale.Water recharged or crops selected in upper catchments should aim to generate economic benefits that outweigh losses faced downstream.
18 Karimov, Akmal; Mavlonov, A.; Miryusupov, F.; Gracheva, I.; Borisov, V.; Abdurahmonov, B. 2012. Modelling policy alternatives toward managed aquifer recharge in the Fergana Valley, Central Asia. Water International, 37(4):380-394. (Special issue on "How hydrological models support informed decision making in developing countries" with contributions by IWMI authors). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2012.706432]
Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Valleys ; Rivers ; Downstream ; Upstream ; Models ; Policy making ; Water power ; Water management ; Water supply ; Conjunctive use ; Water use ; Irrigation water ; Reservoirs / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Fergana Valley / Syrdarya River / Isfara Aquifer / Sokh Aquifer / Kairakum Reservoir / Chardara Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H045025)
(1.14 MB)
Storing flow of the Syrdarya River in the aquifers of the upstream Fergana Valley in winter and recovery of this water in summer is examined as a solution for competing demands between upstream hydropower and downstream irrigation. Modelling of the Isfara and Sokh aquifers suggests the potential of reducing the Syrdarya River flow to the Fergana Valley downstream by 540 Mm3 in winter and increasing it by 540 Mm3 in summer. Implementing the proposed strategy in only these two aquifers would cover over 25% of the summer water deficit in the Syrdarya River downstream.
19 Fisher, M.; Cook, Simon. (Eds.) 2012. Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits. London, UK: Routledge. 400p.
Water management ; Water resources development ; Groundwater management ; Rain water management ; Food security ; Crop production ; Farming systems ; Rainfed farming ; Irrigated farming ; Rural poverty ; Water poverty ; Mapping ; Indicators ; River basins ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Water scarcity ; Water quality ; Water productivity ; Water availability ; Institutions ; Corporate culture ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Water market ; Water use ; Legal aspects ; Development policy ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Administration ; Energy consumption ; Land use ; Land tenure ; Farmers ; Smallholders ; Livestock ; Fisheries ; Economic aspects ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Irrigation management ; Investment ; Population growth ; Runoff ; Case studies / Asia / Africa / South America / South East Asia / India / Iran / Uganda / Ethiopia / Sudan / Egypt / China / Andes Basins / Ganges River Basin / Indus River Basin / Karkheh River Basin / Limpopo River Basin / Mekong River Basin / Niger River Basin / Nile River Basin / Volta River Basin / Yellow River Basin / Lake Victoria / Sudd Wetland / Gezira
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI c2 Record No: H045033)
20 Cascao, A. E. 2012. Nile water governance. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Molden, David; Peden D. (Eds.). The Nile River Basin: water, agriculture, governance and livelihoods. Abingdon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.229-252.
River basins ; Water resources ; Political aspects ; Water governance ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Agreements ; Upstream ; Downstream ; Investment / Africa / Burundi / Congo / Egypt / Eritrea / Ethiopia / Kenya / Rwanda / Sudan / Tanzania / Uganda / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045319)
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