Your search found 3 records
1 Cestti, R.; Malik, Ravinder Paul Singh. 2012. Indirect economic impacts of dams. In Tortajada, C.; Altinbilek, D.; Biswas, A. K. (Eds). Impacts of large dams: a global assessment. Berlin, Germany: Springer. pp.19-35.
Economic impact ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Models ; Value added ; Households ; Income ; Case studies ; Irrigation ; Water power ; Electricity supplies ; Water supply ; Labour / India / Egypt / Brazil / Bhakra Dam / High Aswan Dam / Sobradinho Dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044915)
(4.45 MB)
2 Bekchanov, Maksud; Lamers, J. P. A. 2016. Economic costs of reduced irrigation water availability in Uzbekistan (Central Asia) Regional Environmental Change, 21p. (Online first). [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0961-z]
Economic aspects ; Macroeconomics ; Costs ; Irrigation water ; Water availability ; Water supply ; Water governance ; Water use ; Water power ; Agriculture ; Unemployment ; Farmland ; Land use ; Income ; River basins ; Downstream ; Energy consumption ; Models ; Public services ; Resource management ; Value added ; Household consumption / Central Asia / Uzbekistan / Aral Sea Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047544)
(1.41 MB)
Reduced river runoff and expected upstream infrastructural developments are both potential threats to irrigation water availability for the downstream countries in Central Asia. Although it has been recurrently mentioned that a reduction in water supply will hamper irrigation in the downstream countries, the magnitude of associated economic losses, economy-wide repercussions on employment rates, and degradation of irrigated lands has not been quantified as yet. A computable general equilibrium model is used to assess the economy-wide consequences of a reduced water supply in Uzbekistan—a country that encompasses more than half of the entire irrigated croplands in Central Asia. Modeling findings showed that a 10–20 % reduction in water supply, as expected in the near future, may reduce the areas to be irrigated by 241,000–374,000 hectares and may cause unemployment to a population of 712–868,000, resulting in a loss for the national income of 3.6–4.3 %. A series of technical, financial, and institutional measures, implementable at all levels starting from the farm to the basin scale, are discussed for reducing the expected water risks. The prospects of improving the basin-wide water management governance, increasing water and energy use efficiency, and establishing the necessary legal and institutional frameworks for enhancing the introduction of needed technological and socioeconomic change are argued as options for gaining more regional water security and equity.
3 Dorninger, C.; Hornborg, A.; Abson, D. J.; von Wehrden, H.; Schaffartzik, A.; Giljum, S.; Engler, J.-O.; Feller, R. L.; Hubacek, K.; Wieland, H. 2021. Global patterns of ecologically unequal exchange: implications for sustainability in the 21st century. Ecological Economics, 179:106824. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106824]
International trade ; Sustainability ; Economic growth ; Input output analysis ; Monetary situation ; Value added ; Income ; Infrastructure ; Energy ; Land use ; Labour ; Materials ; Ecology ; Biophysics ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050078)
(8.99 MB)
Ecologically unequal exchange theory posits asymmetric net flows of biophysical resources from poorer to richer countries. To date, empirical evidence to support this theoretical notion as a systemic aspect of the global economy is largely lacking. Through environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output modelling, we provide empirical evidence for ecologically unequal exchange as a persistent feature of the global economy from 1990 to 2015. We identify the regions of origin and final consumption for four resource groups: materials, energy, land, and labor. By comparing the monetary exchange value of resources embodied in trade, we find significant international disparities in how resource provision is compensated. Value added per ton of raw material embodied in exports is 11 times higher in high-income countries than in those with the lowest income, and 28 times higher per unit of embodied labor. With the exception of embodied land for China and India, all other world regions serve as net exporters of all types of embodied resources to high-income countries across the 1990–2015 time period. On aggregate, ecologically unequal exchange allows high-income countries to simultaneously appropriate resources and to generate a monetary surplus through international trade. This has far-reaching implications for global sustainability and for the economic growth prospects of nations.
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